• Title/Summary/Keyword: 저분말도

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Changes of Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Miscellaneous Cereals (감마선 조사한 잡곡류의 물리화학적, 미생물적 특성 변화)

  • 손인숙;김미라
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.412-421
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    • 1998
  • Physicochemical and microbiological properties of red beans, soybeans, barleys, and corns irradiated by gamma-ray at 1.2 kGy, 10.1 kGy, or 30.5 kGy were investigated. Moisture content and crude lipid content of the irradiated cereals showed no significant difference from the nonirradiated group. TBA values of corns irradiated at 30.5 kGy increased. Gamma irradiation reduced the numbers of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in the cereals. Yeasts and molds were reduced below detection levels even at 1.2 kGy dose-irradiation. There was no significant difference in reducing sugars between the irradiated cereals and the nonirradiated ones except corns. Stachyose, raffinose, and sucrose of soy beans and sucrose of barleys increased by 30.5 kGy dose-irradiation. Loss of riboflavin content of the irradiated samples was not observed except red beans irradiated at 30.5 kGy. In Hunter's color, b value of the red bean powder increased but L value of the soybean powder decreased by the Irradiation. L, a, and b values of the barley powder slightly increased under 30.5 kGy dose-irradiation and b value of the corn powder decreased under 10.1 or 30.5 kGy-dose irradiation.

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Gas Permeability of Polyethylene Films Containing Zeolite Powder (제올라이트 입자를 첨가한 폴리에틸렌 필름의 기체 투과성)

  • Hwang Sun Woong;Chung Yong-Chan;Chun Byoung Chul;Lee Seong Jae
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.374-381
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    • 2004
  • Gas permeability of low density polyethylene (LDPE) film containing zeolite powder for $CO_2,\;O_2$ and $N_2$ were investigated. Zeolite powders modified by cations or surfactant were compounded with LDPE to produce $20 wt\%$ masterbatch. After blending the masterbatch with LDPE, zeolite filled films were prepared by the blown film process. Finally, the composite films containing zeolite loadings of 0, 3,5, and $10 wt\%$ were produced. A gas permeability apparatus based on the variable volume principle was designed to analyze the characteristics of films. Experiments showed a general trend that gas permeabilities first decreased and then increased as the zeolite content was increased. Surfactant modified zeolite showed a better interfacial adhesion with the matrix, but the film did not show a discernible difference in gas permeability compared with the other modified films. The difference of temperature dependences in the gas permeabilities of composite films was slightly smaller than that of LDPE film.

Investigation of Leakage Currents of $BaTiO_3$ Thin Films Using Aerosol Deposition in Microscopic Viewpoint

  • O, Jong-Min;Kim, Hyeong-Jun;Kim, Su-In;Lee, Chang-U;Nam, Song-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2010.02a
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    • pp.114-114
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    • 2010
  • 최근 고용량의 디커플링 캐패시터를 기판에 내장하여 고주파 발생의 원인인 배선길이와 실장 면적을 획기적으로 줄이는 임베디드 디커플링 캐패시터에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 공정들은 높은 공정온도와 같은 공정상의 한계를 가지고 있어 상온 저 진공 분위기에서 세라믹 분말을 기판에 고속 분사시켜 기공과 균열이 거의 없는 치밀한 나노구조의 세라믹 제작이 가능한 후막코팅기술인 Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM)에 착목하였으며, 이 ADM을 박막공정으로 응용하여 $BaTiO_3$ 박막을 제작하고 고용량의 디커플링 캐패시터 제작을 실현하고자 한다. 하지만, Cu 기판 상에 성막 된 $0.5\;{\mu}m$이하의 $BaTiO_3$ 박막에서는 $BaTiO_3$ 분말 내에 존재하는 평균입자 보다 큰 입자와 응집분말로 인해 발생하는 pore, crater, not-fully-crushed particles와 같은 거시적인 결함들에서의 전류 통전과 울퉁불퉁한 $BaTiO_3$ 박막과 기판 사이의 계면에서의 전계의 집중에 의한 전류의 증가로 인하여 큰 누설전류 발생하는 문제에 봉착하였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 제시된 효과적인 방법으로 Stainless steel 기판과 같이 표면경도가 높은 기판을 사용하는 것이며, 이를 통해 $0.2\;{\mu}m$의 두께까지 유전 $BaTiO_3$ 박막을 성막 할 수 있었으며, 치밀한 표면 미세구조와 줄어든 $BaTiO_3$ 박막과 기판 사이의 계면의 거칠기를 확인하였다. 하지만, $BaTiO_3$ 박막 내에 발생하는 누설전류의 근본원인을 확인하기 위해서는 누설전류에 대한 미시적인 접근이 더욱 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 누설전류 발생원인의 미시적 접근을 위해 두께에 따른 $BaTiO_3$ 박막의 누설전류 전도기구에 대한 조사하였으며, 이를 통해 $BaTiO_3$ 박막내 발생하는 누설전류의 원인은 $BaTiO_3$막 내에서 donor로서 역할을 하는 oxygen vacancy와 불균일한 전계의 집중으로 인한 전자의 tunneling 현상임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, Nano-indenter와 Conductive atomic force microscopic를 이용한 정밀 측정을 통해 표면경도의 중요성을 재확인하였으며 $BaTiO_3$ 박막의 두께가 $0.2\;{\mu}m$이하로 더욱 얇아지게 되면 입자간 결합 문제 또한 ADM을 박막화 하는데 있어 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다.

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Performance of High-Flowable Retaining Wall Material Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag and Steel Fiber (고로슬래그미분말 및 강섬유를 적용한 고유동 흙막이 벽체 재료의 성능 평가)

  • Kim, Donggyou;Yu, Kangmin;Lee, Seungtae
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.23 no.11
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2022
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of high-flowable retaining wall material (RWM) incorporated with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (SG) and steel fiber (SF) based on a comparison with those of ordinary portland cement (OPC). To produce the specimens of RWM, some chemical agents such as superplasticizer (SP), air-entrained agent (AEA) and viscosity modifying agent (VMA) are added in the fresh RWM. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strength measurements were performed on the hardened RWM specimens. Additionally, surface electric resistivity and absorption tests according to ASTM standards were carried out at predetermined periods after water curing. It was found that the mechanical properties of slag cement concrete (SGC) RWM mix are better than those ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC) RWM mix. The effect of SF is remarkable to improve the mechanical properties of RWM mixes. It is noted that the usage of SG shows a beneficial effect to resist water penetration as well as long-term strength development of RWM mixes.

Manufacturing of Fe-Mn-Al-C Based Low Mn Lightweight Steel Via Direct Energy Deposition (Direct energy deposition 공정을 이용한 Fe-Mn-Al-C계 저망간 경량철강 제조)

  • Ko, Kwang Kyu;Son, Han Sol;Jung, Cha Hee;Bae, Hyo Ju;Park, Eun Hye;Kim, Jung Gi;Choi, Hyunjoo;Seol, Jae Bok
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.320-324
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    • 2022
  • Lightweight steel is a crucial material that is being actively studied because of increased carbon emissions, tightening regulations regarding fuel efficiency, and the emergence of UAM, all of which have been recently labeled as global issues. Hence, new strategies concerning the thickness and size reduction of steel are required. In this study, we manufacture lightweight steel of the Fe-Mn-Al-C system, which has been recently studied using the DED process. By using 2.8 wt.% low-Mn lightweight steel, we attempt to solve the challenge of joining steel parts with a large amount of Mn. Among the various process variables, the laser scan power is set at 600 and 800 W, and the laser scan speed is fixed at 16.67 mm/s before the experiments. Several pores and cracks are observed under both conditions, and negligibly small pores of approximately 0.5 ㎛ are observed.

Preparation of Low Density Ceramic Supporter from Fly Ash with Borax and Glass Powder (붕사 및 유리분말을 첨가한 석탄회로부터 저밀도 세라믹 담체의 제조)

  • Hwang, Yeon;Lee, Hyo-Sook;Lee, Woo-Chul;Bae, Kwang-Hyun;Jeong, Yong-Dae;Lee, Won-Kwon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2000
  • Low density ceramic supporter was prepared by using fly ash as a starting mterial with borax or glass powders. Also the wheat powders were used by 30 wt% to increase the initial porosity of the supporter. The density of the supporter decreased as the amount of borax increased. The bulk density of $0.79g/\textrm{cm}^3$ and the apparent density of $1.10g/\textrm{cm}^3$ were obtained when the fly ash with 15% of borax was sintered at $1160^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. The density also decreased as the plate glass powders past through $212\mu\textrm{m}$ size were mixed. When the fly ash with 12% of glass powder was sintered at $1280^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, the bulk and apparent density were $0.90g/\textrm{cm}^3$ and $1.00g/\textrm{cm}^3$, respectively.

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Study on the preparation of low loss Mn-Zn-Fe ferrite (저손실 Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트의 제조에 관한 연구)

  • 문현욱;서강수;최희태;신용진
    • Electrical & Electronic Materials
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 1990
  • 본 논문은 저손실 Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트 제조에 관하여 연구한 것이다. Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트는 16mol% Xno, 31mol% MnO 및 53mol% Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$로 조성하였으며 0.1wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1%wt% CaO 0.05% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1% CaO 0.05wt% $Al_{2}$O$_{3}$를 미량 첨가하였다. 그리고 하소와 분쇄과정을 거친 분말은 충진성을 높이기 위하여 과립화하였다. 소결 1250, 1300 및 1350.deg.C에서 이루어졌고, 평형 산소분압은 소오킹 시 PO$_{2}$는 6%부터 시작하여 점차 감소시켰으며 900.deg.C에서 순수한 질소 분위기로 냉각시켰다. 초투자율, 손실계수 및 고유저항 등의 자기적인 특성은 1300.deg.C에서 소결했을 경우의 것이 가장 우수하였다. 즉, 초투자율은 2*$10^{3}$~$10^{3}$의 높은 값을 얻을 수 있었으며 tan.delta./.mu.i값은 100KHz~ 400KHz의 고파수대에서 9*10$_{-6}$~21*10$_{-6}$이었으며 고유저항 값은 485~680 .OMEGA.-cm의 높은 값을 나타내어 중간주파수대의 자심재료에 적합한 페라이트임을 확인하였다.

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Quality characteristics of Yanggaeng with Momordica charantia powder (여주 분말을 첨가한 양갱의 품질 특성)

  • Lee, Seon-Ho;Hong, Eun-Jin;Cho, Young-Je
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.335-344
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to determine the rheological characteristics and sensory evaluation of yanggaeng by using the functional properties of Momordica charantia. Dried Momordica charantia was roasted at $180^{\circ}C$ to remove its bitter taste. The results of the study were as follows : The phenolic compound of Momordica charantia was $6.30{\pm}0.17mg/g$ in water extracts, which was the highest extractive rate. The anti-oxidant activity of non-roasted and roasted samples was determined in various phenolic concentrations at $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$. The DPPH activities of non-roasted and roasted Momordica charantia water and ethanol extracts were 74.06~92.71% and 86.06~94.07%, respectively. The ABTS were 36.26~98.03% and 67.02~99.60% in water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts were 2.19~2.25 PF and 2.20~2.36 PF respectively, and TBARS were 13.81~40.97% and 23.32~82.47%, respectively. The anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts at low phenolics concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$, while the roasted sample was higher than the sample that was not roasted. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of non-roasted Momordica charantia ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts, showing that there were increasing pattern depending on the increases in the phenolics concentration of Momordica charantia. The texture, such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and color changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. Moreover sensory characteristics, such as color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the non-roasted sample changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. However, in the roasted sample, the sensory characteristics was improved at a lower concentration (below 1%). Thus, when the yanggang was prepared by Momordica charantia powder as a minor ingredient, it would be desirable to add it after roasting, in consideration of its functional and sensory properties, and at appropriate concentration on below 1%.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of $CaSiO_4:RE^{3+}$(RE=Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ce) Phosphors

  • Go, Bong-Jin;Jo, Min-Jeong;Jo, Sin-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.08a
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    • pp.173-173
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    • 2013
  • 최근에 고효율의 형광체를 개발하고자 무기물 모체에 주입된 희토류 이온의 발광에 대한 연구가 급부상하고 있다. 형광체는 고휘도, 넓은 시청 각도와 저 비용으로 인하여 대형 평판 디스플레이 분야로 그 응용성을 확장하는 플라즈마 디스플레이 패널 제작에 있어서 매우 중요한 물질이다. 현재 적색 형광체로 널리 사용되고 있는 발광 물질은 YBO3:Eu3+ 혹은 (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ 형광체이지만, Eu3+ 이온이 중심대칭의 자리에 위치하기 때문에, Eu3+ 이온의 5D07F1 전이에 의한 주황색의 발광 세기가 5D07F2 전이에 의한 적색의 세기보다 강하여 고품질의 색상을 구현하는데 상당한 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 새로운 모체 격자를 갖는 적색, 녹색, 청색 형광체 개발에 많은 노력이 집중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 형광체 합성시 중요한 변수의 하나인 소결 온도가 새로운 다양한 색을 방출하는 형광체 분말 CaSiO4:RE3+ (RE=Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ce)의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. CaSiO4:RE3+ (RE=Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ce) 형광체 분말 시료는 초기 물질 CaO (99.99%), SiO2 (99.99%), Eu2O3 (99.99%), Sm2O3 (99.9%), Tb4O7 (99.9%), Dy2O3 (99.9%), CeO2 (99.9%)을 화학적량으로 준비하였다. 볼밀, 건조 작업을 한 후에, 시료를 막자사발에 넣고 분쇄하여 3시간의 하소 공정과 5시간의 소결 공정을 수행하였다. 이때 소결 온도를 변수로 선택하여 각각 $800^{\circ}C$, $900^{\circ}C$, $1,000^{\circ}C$, $1,100^{\circ}C$에서 소결 작업을 수행하여 합성 분말의 구조, 표면, 광학적 특성을 측정하여 소결 온도가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Eu3+가 도핑된 CaSiO4 형광체 분말의 경우에, 발광 스펙트럼은 597, 618, 655, 707 nm에서 관측되었으며, 소결 온도가 $800^{\circ}C$에서 $1,100^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 모든 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 순차적으로 증가함을 나타내었다. Tb3+가 도핑된 CaSiO4 형광체 분말의 경우에 관측된 발광 스펙트럼은 주 피크인 549 nm를 중심으로 하여 세기가 상대적으로 작은 493, 592, 626 nm의 피크들이 관측되었으며, 소결 온도가 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 발광 세기들이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Sm3+가 도핑된 CaSiO4 형광체의 경우에, 발광 스펙트럼은 전형적인 Sm3+이온에 의한 전이 신호들이 605, 570, 653 nm에서 나타났다. 발광 스펙트럼의 세기는 소결 온도에 비례하여 증가하였다. Ce3+가 도핑된 경우에 발광 스펙트럼은 소결 온도에 관계없이 401 nm에서 관측되었으며, 소결 온도에 따라 발광 세기의 변화가 나타났다. 이 실험 결과로 부터, 합성시 적절한 소결 온도의 선택이 고발광 효율의 형광체를 제작하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 요소가 됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Comparative Chemical Compositions of Four Kinds of Tochukaso (동충하초 품종별 영양성분 비교)

  • Oh, Se-Wook;Kim, Sun-Hee;Song, Hyo-Nam;Han, Dae-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2003
  • Nutritional compositions of three Tochukaso species (Paecilomyces tenuipes hosted by Larva and pupa, Cordyceps militaris, C. sinensis) were compared. Fruiting body and host fractions were separately analyzed. Fruiting body fraction of P. tenuipes (36.6%) hosted by larva was higher than that hosted by pupa (10.2%), an indication that the quality of the former is superior to the latter. Carbohydrate content of C. sinensis (39.6%) was $2.5{\sim}7$ times higher than those of others, probably due to the presence of polysaccharides. Protein and crude lipid contents of C. sinensis and C. militaris were 25.8 and 10.3%, and 75.1 and 3.9%, respectively. C. sinensis showed the lowest Ca content and $30{\sim}75$ times higher Fe content among the samples tested. Vitamin A content of C. militaris was 308.9 IU/100g, two fold higher than those of the other species. Saturated fatty acid content was the highest in P. tenuipes (pupa, 27.7%), whereas unsaturated fatty acid was the highest in P. tenuipes (larva, 83.3%). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were abundant in all species. Cordycepin content of C. militaris was $20{\sim}50$ times higher than those of the other species.