Quality characteristics of Yanggaeng with Momordica charantia powder

The objective of this study was to determine the rheological characteristics and sensory evaluation of yanggaeng by using the functional properties of Momordica charantia. Dried Momordica charantia was roasted at $180^{\circ}C$ to remove its bitter taste. The results of the study were as follows : The phenolic compound of Momordica charantia was $6.30{\pm}0.17mg/g$ in water extracts, which was the highest extractive rate. The anti-oxidant activity of non-roasted and roasted samples was determined in various phenolic concentrations at $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$. The DPPH activities of non-roasted and roasted Momordica charantia water and ethanol extracts were 74.06~92.71% and 86.06~94.07%, respectively. The ABTS were 36.26~98.03% and 67.02~99.60% in water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts were 2.19~2.25 PF and 2.20~2.36 PF respectively, and TBARS were 13.81~40.97% and 23.32~82.47%, respectively. The anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts at low phenolics concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$, while the roasted sample was higher than the sample that was not roasted. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity of non-roasted Momordica charantia ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts, showing that there were increasing pattern depending on the increases in the phenolics concentration of Momordica charantia. The texture, such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and color changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. Moreover sensory characteristics, such as color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the non-roasted sample changed in proportion to the concentration of Momordica charantia powder. However, in the roasted sample, the sensory characteristics was improved at a lower concentration (below 1%). Thus, when the yanggang was prepared by Momordica charantia powder as a minor ingredient, it would be desirable to add it after roasting, in consideration of its functional and sensory properties, and at appropriate concentration on below 1%.

여주 분말을 첨가한 양갱의 품질 특성

본 연구에서는 여주의 기능성을 활용한 양갱을 제조하여 물성을 측정하고, 소비자 기호도 조사를 실시하였다. 쓴맛을 느끼지 않게 하기 위하여 건조한 여주를 $180^{\circ}C$에서 roasting하였다. 생리활성 물질인 phenolic compound의 함량은 raosting한 여주 물추출물에서 $6.30{\pm}0.17mg/g$으로 가장 높은 추출률을 보였다. Phenolics 농도를 $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$으로 조절하여, non-roasting한 생여주와 roasting한 볶은여주의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 전자공여능은 non-roasting한 여주와 roasting한 여주가 각각 74.06~92.71%, 86.06~94.07%이었으며, ABTS는 36.26~98.03%와 67.02~99.60%이었다. Antioxidant protection factor(PF)는 2.19~2.25 PF와 2.20~2.36 PF이었으며, TBARS는 13.81~40.97%와 23.32~82.47%이었다. 여주 알콜 추출물이 물 추출물보다 상대적으로 $50{\mu}g/mL$의 저 농도에서 항산화 효과가 더 우수하였다. 또한 roasting한 여주가 non-roasting한 여주보다 항산화 효과가 더 우수하였다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 활성저해 효과는 non-roasting한 여주의 경우 알콜 추출물에서는 물추출물에 비해 높은 효소저해 활성을 나타내었으며, 첨가하는 여주 phenolics에 대한 농도 의존적으로 저해 효과가 높아지는 양상을 나타내었다. 여주 분말 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 양갱은 경도, 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성 등의 기계적 조직감과 색깔 등이 첨가되는 여주분말의 농도에 비례하여 품질이 나빠졌다. 또한, non-roasting 여주 분말을 사용했을 때는 첨가농도에 비례하여 색, 향, 맛, 조직감, 전체적 기호도 등의 관능적 특성이 나빠졌으나, roasting한 여주분말을 사용했을 때는 1% 이하의 저 농도에서는 관능적 특성이 오히려 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 여주분말을 부재료로 사용하여 양갱을 제조할 때, 기능적 특성과 관능적 특성을 고려한다면 roasting하여 첨가하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각되며, 사용농도는 1% 이하의 농도가 적합할 것으로 판단되었다.