• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2022

An environmental evaluation was conducted by employing LCA methodology for a mechanical seal manufacturing process that uses recycled silicon recovered from end-of-cycle PV modules. The recycled silicon was purified and reacted with carbon to synthesize β-SiC particles. Then the particles underwent compression molding, calcination and heat treatment to produce a product. Field data were collected and the potential environmental impacts of each stage were calculated using the LCI DB of the Ministry of Environment. The assessment was based on 6 categories, which were abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion and photochemical oxidant creation. The environmental impacts by category were 45 kg CO₂ for global warming and 2.23 kg C₂H₄ for photochemical oxide creation, and the overall environmental impact by photochemical oxide creation, resource depletion and global warming had a high contribution of 98.7% based on weighted analysis. The wet process of fine grinding and mixing the raw silicon and carbon, and SiC granulation were major factors that caused the environmental impacts. These impacts need to be reduced by converting to a dry process and using a system to recover and reuse the solvent emitted to the atmosphere. It was analyzed that the environmental impacts of resource depletion and global warming decreased by 53.9% and 60.7%, respectively, by recycling silicon from end-of-cycle PV modules. Weighted analysis showed that the overall environmental impact decreased by 27%, and the LCA analysis confirmed that recycling waste modules could be a major means of resource saving and realizing carbon neutrality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 1998

The distributions and characteristics of bacteria on the deodorizing biofilters were studied as a part of biofiltration research for odor gas removal. The odor gas originated from a currently operating nightsoil treatment plant were mainly nitrogenous compounds of ammonia and amines. The filter media were consisted various ratio of pine bark, nightsoil cast and compost, and were sampled before and after operation of 153 days. Before operation, the level of bacteria on nitrification agar medium, nutrient agar medium and thiosulfate agar medium were around $10^7{\sim}10^8cfu/g$ media. After operation, the level decreased but still high as $10^5{\sim}10^7cfu/g$ media. The bacteria from reactors before and after operations were either rod or coccus after growth on nitrification agar media. The 45 isolated heterotrophic bacteria were further characterized and Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes were dominant genera. Genus Alcaligenes was particularly dominant when the isolates were incubated on nitrification agar media first and then transfered to nutrient media. The portion of Alcaligenes in the biofilter increased after operation, and was higher in the media contained nightsoil cast, which showed better treatment than the media with pine bark only.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of wet tissue manufacturing process was performed. The wet tissue manufacturing process consists of preparation of wetting agent (chemical liquid), impregnation of nonwoven fabric into wetting agent and primary and secondary packaging. Data and information were collected on the input and output of the actual process from a certain company and the database of the Korea Ministry of Environment and some foreign countries (when Korean unavailable) were employed to connect the upper and the lower process flow. Based on the above and the potential environmental impacts of the wet tissue manufacturing process were calculated. As a result of the characterization, Ozone Layer Depletion (OD) is 3.46.E-06 kg $CFC_{11}$, Acidification (AD) is 5.11.E-01 kg $SO_2$, Abiotic Resource Depletion (ARD) is $3.52.E+00\;1yr^{-1}$, Global Warming (GW) is 1.04.E+02 kg $CO_2$, Eutrophication (EUT) is 2.31.E-02 kg ${PO_4}^{3-}$, Photochemical Oxide Creation (POC) was 2.22.E-02 kg $C_2H_4$, Human Toxicity (HT) was 1.55.E+00 kg 1,4 DCB and Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (ET) was 5.82.E-04 kg 1,4 DCB. In order to reduce the environmental impact of the manufacturing process, it is necessary to improve the overall process as other general cases and change the raw materials including packaging materials with less environmental impact. Conclusively, the energy consumed in the manufacturing process has emerged as a major issue, and this needs to be reconsidered other options such as alternative energy. Therefore, it is recommended that a process system should be redesigned to improve energy efficiency and to change to an energy source with lower environmental impact. Due to the nature of LCA, the final results of this study can be varied to some extent depending on the type of LCI DB employed and may not represent of all wet tissue manufacturing processes in the current industry.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.23
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

To investigate bioactive materials for development of natural conservative agent on organic cultural heritage, methanol extracts from 11 wood species which populate in Korea were screened for antifungal and insecticidal activity against 9 wood contaminant fungi and adult of Lasioderma serricorne. Antifungal activity of extracts was tested by using paper disc soaking method and feeder strip test against wood-rot fungi and wood surface contaminant fungi. Among these extracts, the most significant antimicrobial activity was observed from the extract of Phellodendron amurense at 5 mg/disc against Coniophora puteana, Lentinus lepideus, Tyromyces palustris and Aspergillus niger. The insecticidal activity of extracts was examined by topical application against L. serricorne adults. The extracts from Taxus cuspidata and Abies holophylla gave 56.7 % mortality at 25 ${\mu}g$/adult for 24 hr. From these result, the methanol extract from T. cuspidata, A. holophylla and P. amurense described could be useful for conservation of organic cultural heritage against biological deterioration by insect and wood contaminant fungi.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2000

The effect of electropolishing far stamped leadframe on the removal of the edge burr and residual stress relief was examined. The present study showed that the electropolishing could be used for enhanced surface quality of stamped leadframes. The electropolishing was performed at the condition of 60% phosphoric acid electrolyte, 5 ampere of current and 3 cm electrode gap at $70^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes for Alloy42 type leadframe, and $50^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 minutes for C-194 type leadframe. The FWHM values from X-ray diffraction showed that residual stress of electropolished leadframe recovered to the level of as-received raw materials and surface roughness measured by using AFM tuned out to be improved by 0.079 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 0.014 $\mu\textrm{m}$ ($R_{rms}$) far alloy 42 and C-194 type leadframes, respectively. The plated thickness using XRF showed the improved uniformity in thickness variation by 0.4~0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and grain growth, which is favorable for interface adhesion, was also observed from the bake test samples. We could certify dimensional stability of leadframe with inspection by means of 3D-topography and hardness measurements.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.374-386
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• 2016

This research has analyzed the influences of Service quality on Brand image, Brand attitude and Behavioral intentions. And it is also investigate how is brand image and attitude effects behaviors on customers to choose airline. This research have valuable data in order to establish the strategy how airlines can introduce themselves to customers. Based on the statistic results, We are able to find out the meaningful differences. Airline's Service Quality cause the positive influences on brand image, brand attitude and behavioral intentions. This research has several implications such as what kind of strategies airline needs focused on in order to improve passenger's satisfaction.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand terminal cancer patient's experiences of home-based hospice care. Methods: The data were collected from July 2011 through September 2010. Data were collected from 10 terminal cancer patients who received home-based hospice care services and by using in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: Data were classified by 25 themes comprising 14 theme clusters and five categories. The five categories were 'life quality deterioration', 'appreciation', 'acceptance of the rest of their lives', 'Prepared for death with religion', 'negative coping'. Conclusion: Systematic hospice care should be provided to understand life experience of patients with terminal cancer who receive home-based hospice care, to help them overcome negative experiences and grow a positive perspective.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2005

The effects of cytokinin and putrescine on adventitious shoot induction from leaf explant of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor were investigated. Among cytokinin used in this experiment, BA was more effective on adventitious shoot induction and shoot elongation than kinetin. Especially, 1 mg/L BA was the best to increase adventitious shoot induction (71%) and shoot elongation (3.0 mm). In addition, 100 mM putrescine in MS medium with 1 mg/L BA was higher in adventitious shoot induction (93%) and shoot elongation (3.8 mm) than single treatment of 1 mg/L BA. Adventitious shoots induced in this experiment rooted on 1/2 MS medium and acclimated over 95% on composed soil (peatmoss:sand=1:1).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2009

Objective: To analyze current issues and to propose alternatives for "the cryopreserved embryos generated before 2005". Methods: The differences in attitude among the stakeholders such as sperm donors, oocyte donors, and IVF clinics were presupposed. We want to forecast the impediments which occur inevitably in the process of "getting the informed consent" and "discarding the cryopreserved embryos generated before 2005". Results: Even though there is a specific guideline for "the cryopreserved embryos generated before 2005" at November 23, 2006, no consensus about the process related to "getting the informed consent" has been made. Conclusion: Unavoidably, it seems to be entering a period of massive discard of "the cryopreserved embryos generated before 2005". This is actually opposed to the intent of the Bioethics and Safety Act, which is to protect human dignity and prevent harm to human beings. We have to make reasonable due process to determine the destiny of "the cryopreserved embryos generated before 2005".

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

We have been experimenting for industrialize four kinds of wildflowers(Smilax china, Saururus chinensis, Houttuynia cordata and Zizania caduciflora) which are used for Korean medicinal plants for a long time as Korean resources plants. Smilax china, Saururus chinensis, Houttuynia cordata was used for roots and Zizania caduciflora used for leaves. Extraction was carried out in 50% ethyl alcohol, which was concentrated by freezing the material and then injected at a low concentration of 100ppm. The results of the study on the antibacterial potential activity and antifungal potential activity using the four wildflowers strains were as follows. 1. The results of the sterilization and antibacterial potential activity and antifungal potential activity were as follows. Houttuynia cordata showed good inhibitory effect for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibitory power of Zizania caduciflora was proved to some extent. However, other cultivars showed little antibacterial and antifungal activity. 2. The antifungal potential activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans was small but some inhibition against Candida albicans was confirmed. There was no inhibition of other fungi potential at all.