• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.383-406
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• 2014

Mi-Am Yu Hee Choon (1513~1577) considered poetry as a part of his life. Therefore, this writer specifically focused on Mi-Am Yu Hee Choon's Chinese poems. The following is the conclusion from the materials discussed in this article. Mi-Am tried to understand literature in ethical perspective. The number of Chinese poems composed by Mi-Am is estimated to be about 300, and the number of pieces that this writer could find was 285. Also, Mi-Am took poem composition seriously, and put emphasis on content more than structure. Among Go Shi, Yul Shi, and Jul gu, Jul gu (especially Chil Un) is the largest in quantity, and it is presumed that he preferred Chil(seven) Un over Oh(five) Un. With regards to Go Shi, there are relatively many Jeon-Go. With regards to Jul gu, which was a poetry composing structure that Mi-Am could make the best use of, they were mostly about the daily lives. And with regards to Yul Shi, there were many poems that expressed his feelings about the real world and self-examination. Mi-Am's poems can be categorized into ones that he wrote when he was on exile, and ones that he wrote while serving for the king again after he got released from exile. During the exile period, self-discipline through learning, friendship, and love for the people were the main themes of his poems, and after being released and started serving for the king again, his poems were mostly about loyalty to the king, interaction with acquaintances, emotions, ancestor worship, self-examination, and conjugal affection through literary communion. Among Mi-Am's poems, there are many that have Eum Song Cha Un included in their titles, and the mainstream of his poems were related to daily lives or experiences. Also, most of them naturally and calmly expressed the fact itself without exaggerating. Mi-Am considered poetry as a part of his life and the fact that he practiced literary communion with his wife by writing poems about the ordinary things happened between him and his wife, Song Duk Bong, is worthy of notice.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.139-176
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• 2011

Non-regular workers came to the fore while working class formation was in retreat along with the democratic labor movement of regular workers. The formation of principal agents, however, is yet to occur. Then, why non-regular workers' struggles could not yield a consequence in that regard? What kind of factors are to determine the outcome of the struggles and how do they do it? It is the aim of this study to answer those questions. In contrast with regular workers' struggles, non-regular workers' struggles tend to break out in response to capitalist offensives, rely on atypical and, often, extreme measures of struggle rather than strike in the form of work stoppage, drag out for too long, and appeal for social solidarity outside when the solidarity of regular workers is not available. Non-regular workers' struggles tend to end up with failure rather than success, and with weakening rather than strengthening of their organizational strength. So as to overcome the tendency to fail, non-regular workers' struggles need regular workers' solidarity in addition to their own strong mobilization power, while social solidarity or positional power could substitute for regular workers' solidarity in some cases. So as to build up their organizational strength, non-regular workers' struggles should win victories in the struggles, while a victory could turn into a trap in the case of conversion. Both regular workers' solidarity and the internal integration of the struggles are two foremost important factors in achieving the victory of struggles and the building-up of organizational strength. Those who have got involved in struggles are from the best organized sector among all the non-regular workers. As they have gone through weakening of organizational strength, it becomes more difficult for non-regular workers to form principal agents. Without non-regular workers' struggles, however, the capitalist offensives must have carried the day. In that sense, non-regular workers' struggles did a role in at least detaining capitalist offensives, if not stopping them. The practical implication of non-regular workers' struggles is that, if non-regular workers redefine the ultimate goal of their struggles as the formation of their principal agents for working class formation, it would be a strategically rational choice to identify the strategic objective of struggles with the maintaining and strengthening of their organizational strength rather than the achievement of their immediate demands.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.72
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• pp.185-215
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• 2018

This paper discusses the Historical significance of Li-thought at the Hoejae, Lee-Eonjeok's Bongseonjabui. In this study, I tried to derive the value and meaning in the history of the Chosun Dynasty by examining the comparison between the Bongseonjabui and Book of Ancestor-memorial Ceremonies written in the 16th century The following is a summary of the Historical significance of Li-thought of Bongseonjabui. First, it is the first concrete result of the Chosun Dynasty concerning the Family Rituals. Second, it is characterized not only the description of actual procedures but also the explanations of both the theory and reality in Ancestor-memorial Ceremony. Third, it is an example of harmonizing with the national system and the customs of time by applying to the situation of Chosun society at that time. Fourth, it is an example that focuses on the essential meaning of the Ancestor-memorial Ceremony, not the attitude of one side the Zhu Xi's Family Rituals as in the later books.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.267-295
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the material status of women's epistolary literature published in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s and analyze gender consciousness shown in them. To this end, five kinds of representative modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s were selected and 55 women's letters published in them were summarized. Through this, it was pointed out that the subjects of women's epistolary literature are mainly 'males' of families and the form of 'reply.' This implies that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese recognized women's Chinese letters as a secondary means to prepare for inevitable communication with men rather than the leading medium of communication. The first aspect of gender consciousness shown in women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is to reaffirm the traditional gender order by calling and resetting women as the position and role in the family. The second aspect of gender consciousness is that female education materials which seemed to reflect the modern gender order are actually mentioned under the very skeptical view. The third characteristic aspect of gender consciousness is that the motif of 'discipline about economic activity' is only noticeable in women's epistolary published in modern study materials for writing letters. This setting was regarded as a means that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese transferred the responsibilities of maintaining livelihood and managing household to women. Women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is the material which is noticeable in terms of showing the possibility of female Chinese Writing in modern times but according to the analysis of this paper, it is the text showing female form and women's writing judged within thoroughly male-centered imagination. That is, women's epistle text has a significance that allows us to read conservative reentry of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese more clearly.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

To evaluate hepatoprotective effects, the antioxidant capacities of matcha green tea extract (Camellia sinenesis) were compared to those of green leaf tea and the anti-inflammatory activities in HepG2 cells were investigated. Evaluation of the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation indicated that the aqueous extract of matcha green tea presented significant catechin content and antioxidant capacity compared to those of green leaf tea. In addition, the extract had considerable inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation end-products. The matcha green tea extract significantly increased cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species in H₂O₂- and high-glucose-treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, in response to oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell injury, treatment with matcha green tea aqueous extract inhibited lipid accumulation and regulated the expression of inflammatory proteins such as p-JNK, p-Akt, p-GSK-3β, caspase-3, COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α. Matcha green tea could be used as a functional material to ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2021

In order to establish optimal double cropping system for getting the maximum annual productivity, we investigated annual fresh and dry yields of winter forage crops (WFC), Italian ryegrass (IRG) 'Kowinearly', triticale 'Joseong' and summer forage crop (SFC), 'Jonong' and 'Jowoo' as whole crop silage rice in the paddy field of Yeongseo of Gangwon Province. The double cropping of each crops was applied with 2 standard cultivation method of WFC and SFC from 2018 to 2020. For the WFC, the average percentage of dry matter (29.6%) of IRG 'Kowinearly' was lower than that (35.5%) of triticale 'Joseong'. The average fresh matter yield of IR G 'Kowinearly' was 2,662kg/10a that there was no significant difference from the 2,836kg/10a of triticale 'Joseong'. The average dry matter yield (996kg/10a) of triticale 'Joseong' was more than that (696kg/10a) of IRG 'Kowinearly'. For the summer forage crops, the average percentage of dry matter of whole crop silage rice, 'Jonong' was 34.5% that there was no significant difference from the 35.0% of 'Jowoo'. The average fresh matter yield (5,367kg/10a) of 'Jowoo' was more than that (3,966kg/10a) of 'Jonong'. And the average dry matter yield (1,936kg/10a) of 'Jowoo' was more than that (1,433kg/10a) of 'Jonong'. The total maximum dry matter yield was 2,982kg/10a with the combination of the WFC triticale, 'Joseong' and the SFC whole crop silage rice, 'Jowoo'. In conclusion, the combination of crops that can obtain the maximum yield of high quality forage for double cropping is sowing the WFC triticale, 'Joseong' in mid-October, harvesting 'Joseong' around the end of May and then SFC whole crop silage rice, 'Jowoo', to be transplanted in early June.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.336-359
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• 2021

In this study, hybrid CLT research and development trends were analyzed to improve the low rolling shear strength of CLT, a large wooden panel used in high-rise wooden buildings. Through this, basic data that can be used in research and development directions for localization of CLT were prepared. As a way to improve the low rolling shear strength, the use of hardwood lamina, the change of the lamina arrangement angle, and the use of structural composite materials are mainly used. Rolling shear strength and shear modulus of hardwood lamina are more than twice as high as softwood lamina. It confirmed that hardwoods can be used and unused species can be used. Rolling shear strength 1.5 times, shear modulus 8.3 times, bending stiffness 4.1 times improved according to the change of the layer arrangement angle, and the CLT strength was confirmed by reducing the layer arrangement angle. Structural wood-based materials have been improved by up to 1.35 times MOR, 1.5 times MOE, and 1.59 times rolling shear strength when used as laminas. Block shear strength between the layer materials was also secured by 7.0 N/mm², which is the standard for block shear strength. Through the results of previous studies, it was confirmed that the strength performance was improved when a structural wood based materials having a flexural performance of MOE 7.0 GPa and MOR 40.0 MPa or more was used. This was determined based on the strength of layered materials in structural wood-based materials. The optimal method for improving rolling shear strength is judged to be the most advantageous application of structural wood based materials with strength values according to existing specifications. However, additional research is needed on the orientation of CLT lamina arrangement according to the fiber arrangement of structural wood-based materials, and the block shear strength between lamina materials.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the catch rate of Monochamus saltuarius, based on sexual maturation by using aggregation-sex pheromone traps. Ovariole development of caught M. saltuarius females was compared to that of the ones not caught using traps. In a mesh cage set up at the Hongneung experimental forest, we placed a multi-funnel trap with or without an aggregation-sex pheromone lure. M. saltuarius adults, which emerged from pine logs, were grouped in four according to the emergence dates (0, 1, 7, and 10 days after emergence [DAE]). We released beetles into the mesh cage to investigate the catch rate using the traps. In each group, a total of 80 beetles (20 beetles × 4 replications) were tested, making it a total of 320 beetles. Among the four groups, M. saltuarius adults in the 7 DAE group were caught more frequently using the traps, especially with a pheromone lure; the other groups showed a low catch rate. A similar number of female and male beetles were caught using the traps. Regarding ovariole development, all the female adults in the 0 and 1 DAE groups were immature, while those in the other two groups were completely developed. Therefore, aggregation-sex pheromone traps might have a limitation in the prevention of pine wilt disease because of the transmission of pine wood nematode during maturation feeding of newly emerged M. saltuarius adults. However, aggregation-sex pheromone traps can be effective for collecting sexually mature M. saltuarius adults, for the investigation of seasonal occurrence of beetles in forests.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.824-831
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• 2021

1, 2-Octanediol galactoside (OD-gal) has been synthesized from 1, 2-octanediol (OD), as a safer cosmetic preservative, using recombinant Escherichia coli β-galactosidase (β-gal). To confirm the molecular structure of synthesized OD-gal, mass spectrometry and NMR (¹H- and ¹³C-) spectroscopy of OD-gal were carried out. In the reaction mixture, a sodium adduct ion of OD-gal (m/z=331.1732) was identified using mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, ¹H NMR spectrum of OD-gal showed multiple peaks corresponding to the galactosyl group, which is evidence of galactosylation on OD. Downfield proton peaks at δ_H 4.39 ppm and multiple peaks from δ_H 3.98~3.55 ppm were indicative of galactosylation on OD. Up field proton peaks at δ_H 1.52~1.26 ppm and 0.89 ppm showed the presence of CH₂ and CH₃ protons of OD. ¹³C NMR spectrum revealed the presence of 24 carbons suggestive of α- and β-anomers of OD-gal. Among 14 carbon peaks from each anomer, the 4 peaks at δ_C 31.4, 29.0, 22.3, and 13.7 ppm were assigned to be overlapped showing only 24 peaks out of a total of 28 peaks. The mass value from mass spectrometry analysis of OD-gal, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data were in good agreement with the expecting structure of OD-gal. Finally, we identified a galactose molecule from the hydrolysate of OD-gal using β-gal. We are expecting that through future study it will eventually be able to develop a safe cosmetic preservative.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.510-523
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• 2020

This study analyzed groundwater quality in hydroponic cultivation facilities. Through this study, the possibility of groundwater use was evaluated according to the quality of the groundwater for hydroponic cultivation facilities. Good groundwater quality, on average, is pH 6.61, EC 0.27 dS/m, NO3-N 7.64 mg/L, NH4+-N 0.80 mg/L, PO4-P 0.09 mg/L, K+ 6.26 mg/L, Ca2+ 18.57 mg/L, Mg2+ 4.38 mg/L, Na+ 20.85 mg/L, etc. All of these satisfy the water quality standard for raw water in nutrient cultivation. But in the case of farmers experiencing problems with groundwater quality, most of the items exceeded the water quality standard. As a result of the analysis, it was judged that purifying groundwater of unsuitable quality for crop cultivation, and using it as raw water, was effective in terms of water quality and soil purification. If an agricultural water purification system is constructed based on the results of this study, it is judged that the design will be easy because the items to be treated can be estimated. If a purification system is established, it can use groundwater directly in the facility and for horticulture. These study results will be available for use in sustainable agriculture and environments.