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Characterization of Transgenic Tall Fescue Plants Overexpressing NDP Kinase Gene in Response to Cold Stress (NDP Kinase 유전자를 과발현시킨 형질전환 톨 페스큐 식물체의 저온 스트레스에 대한 내성 특성)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Ki-Won;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Yun, Dae-Jin;Kwak, Sang-Soo;Lee, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.299-306
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    • 2009
  • Oxidative stress is the main limiting factor in crop productivity. To solve global environmental problems using the plant biotechnology, we have developed on the oxidative stress-tolerant transgenic tall fescue plants via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method. In order to develop transgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants with enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses, nucleotide diphosphate kinase gene under the control of CaMV35S promoter were introduced into genome of tall fescue plants. Proteomic analysis revealed that transgenic tall fescue not only accumulated NDP kinase 2 protein in their cells, but also induced several other antioxindative enzyme-related proteins. When leaf discs of transgenic plants were subjected to cold stress, they showed approximately 30% less damage than wild-type plants. In addition, transgenic tall fescue plants showed normal growth when transgenic plants were subjected to 4C for 3 days treatments. These results suggest that transgene is important in ROS scavenging by induction of antioxidative proteins, and could improve abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic tall fescue plants.

Factors Associated with Self-Rated Health among Poor Glycemic Control Group with Diabetes Mellitus: The 4th-6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2015) (당뇨병 유병자 중 혈당 미조절군의 주관적 건강인식 관련 요인: 제4-6기 국민건강영양조사 자료(2007-2015)를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Suyoung;Kim, Heejin;Kim, Kyuri;Lee, YongJae;Chung, Woojin
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.431-444
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    • 2019
  • Background: This study aimed to properly manage diseases such as blood sugar control so that patients with diabetes can benefit from both medication and health activities. Also, these health practices are greatly influenced by self-rated health, a subjective assessment of health status. Because self-rated health does not necessarily match the objective health status, it is important to identify which factors affect self-rated health. Methods: For the study, the data was gathered from the 4th-6th National Health Nutrition Survey (2007-2015). Out of the total 73,353 participants in the survey, 2,303 patients with uncontrolled blood sugar with an HbA1c level of more than 7% were selected for the final study. Dependent variables fell into two categories depending on how the participant reported whether he or she was in good health or not. Independent variables included socio-demographics, health behavioral, and health status factors. This study performed logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 2,303 participants, 18.1% reported that their heath was 'good,' despite the fact that their blood sugar level was not controlled. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of groups that perceive subjective health awareness as good was higher in the groups of people as below: in the people over 60 years old; in the people who graduated from a junior college or higher than those who had a level of education of primary school completion or less; in the people living in Chungnam than those living in Seoul; and in the group with hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The study identified factors associated with those failed to perceive the blood sugar level as a severe health problem despite of the fact that blood sugar was not controlled. To improve public health, diabetes management policies need to be addressed to population groups with these problems above.

The effect of antipsychotics and antidepressants on the TREK2 channel (TREK2 채널에 대한 항정신성약물 및 항우울제의 효과)

  • Kwak, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Yang-Mi
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.2125-2132
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    • 2012
  • Fluoxetine and tianeptine are commonly used as antidepressants (AD), and haloperidol and risperidone are widely used as antipsychotic drugs (APD), and it modulates various ion channels. TREK2 channel subfamily is very similar to physiological properties of TREK1 channel which can play important roles in the pathophysiology of mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, therefore, the pharmacological effect of psychiatric and depression drug on TREK2 channel may be similar to those of TREK1. Using the excised inside-out patch-clamp technique, we have examined the effects of APD and AD on cloned TREK2 channel expressed CHO cells. Fluoxetine (selective serotonin release inhibitor, SSRI) inhibited the TREK2 channel in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 13μM), whereas selective serotonin reuptake enhancer (SSRE) tianeptine increased without reducing the TREK2 channel activity. Haloperidol also inhibited the TREK2 channel in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 44μM), whereas even higher concentration (100μM) of risperidone did not completely inhibit on the activity. This study showed that TREK2 channel was preferentially blocked by fluoxetine rather than tianeptine, and inhibited by haloperidol rather than risperidone, suggesting differential effect of TREK2 channels by APD and AD may contribute to some mechanism of adverse side effects.

The Fundamental Study of Strength and Drying Shrinkage on Alkali-activated Slag Cement Mortar with Different Entering Point of Fine Aggregate (잔골재의 투입시점에 따른 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르의 강도와 건조수축에 대한 기초적 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Wan;Eom, Jang-Sub;Seo, Ki-Young;Park, Hyun-Jae
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2014
  • This paper examines the fundamental properties of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) activated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The water to binder (W/B) ratio was 0.4 and 0.5. And concentration of activator were 2M and 4M. Five mix design of each W/B ratios was considered. The N0 mixture was KS L 5109 method and N1~N4 were varied in different mixing time, mix step and entering points of fine aggregate. Test results clearly showed that the flow value, strength and drying shrinkage development of AASC were significantly dependent on the entering point of fine aggregate. The flow value tended to decreases with delaying entering point of fine aggregate. The compressive strength and flexural strength increases with delaying entering point. Moreover, the XRD analysis confirmed that there were sustain these results. The drying shrinkage increases with delaying entering point of fine aggregate. Futhermore, a modified mixing method incorporating all hereby experimentally derived parameters, is proposed to improvement the physical properties of AASC.

Development of the Functional Beverage Containing the Prunus mume Extracts (매실 추출물을 함유한 기능성 음료 개발)

  • Bae, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Ki-Jin;Kim, Sung-Mi;Lee, Won-Jae;Lee, Sun-Jang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.713-719
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    • 2000
  • This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the Prunus mume extracts containing beverages on the growth of SNU-16 gastric cancer cell, SNU-C2A colon cancer cell, SNU-449 liver cancer cell and HeLa cervical cancer cell. The inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cell lines was examined by MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, cytotoxicity test and microscopy. Also this study aimed to compare the changes of blood electrolytes and osmolarity during submaximal exercise for the intake of the Prunus mume extracts containing beverages. 20% Prunus mume extracts containing beverage exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on the growth of SNU-16 and significantly inhibited at the concentration of 1000μg/mL in the MTT assay. Morphological changes in SNU-16 which treated with the same beverage were observed under inverted microscope. The change of blood electrolytes and osmolarity during submaximal exercise showed no significant differences between before and after intake of the beverage in both groups.

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Cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus Transforming Cloned phbC Gene from Alcaligenes latus for Production of P(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) Containing High Molar Fraction of 4-Hydroxybutyrate (phbC 유전자가 도입된 형질전환 Alcaligenes eutrophus를 이용한 고분율 4-hydroxybutyrate 함유 P(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate)의 생산)

  • Gang, Myeong-Sin;Jeong, Yeong-Mi;Lee, Yong-Hyeon
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.422-428
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    • 1999
  • A transformat Alcaligence eutrophus GA5 harboring phbC gene from A. latus was cultivated for production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate)[P(3HB-4HB)] containing high molar fraction of 4-hydroxybutyrate(4HB)] containing high molar fraction of 4-hydroxybutyrate(4HB). Transformation did not influenced significantly on total cell growth, on total cell growth, concentration, and content of P(3HB-4HB), however, significantly influenced on 4HB molar fraction in P(3HB-4HB) increasing from 12.3 to 23.5 mol% after 48 h cultivation in two-stage using 1.0%(W/V) of γ-butyrolactone as a precursor compare to parent strain. Above increment may be due to the accelerated polymerization between 3HB and 4HB converted from precusor compound by amplified phbC gene. Citrate increased remarkbly total cell mass and P(3HB-4HB) concentration, but did not influenced on the molar fraction of 4HB, meanwhile, magnesium ion influenced on P(3HB-4HB) concentration and 4HB molar fraction significantly. The two-stage cultivation method was modified, in such a way minimizing P(3HB) accumulated inside of cell grown at first-stage, consquently, 26.3% of P(3HB-4HB) containing 61.0 mol% of 4HB fraction was obtained after 72hr. Furthermore, semi-homopolymeric P(4HB) containing 92.0 mol% of 4Hb was obtained, and its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR.

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A Design and Performance Evaluation of Differentiated Daylight-Glazing Systems (가변 투과시스템의 광제어 특성을 고려한 통합 채광시스템의 적용성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Gon;Kim, Jeong-Tai
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2005
  • This research aimed to generate two points of daylighting application as follows: 1) providing daylight performance data with a variety of glazing materials for a large window and 2) designing and evaluating an experimental type of differentiated window. For this purpose, we compared the daylight and distribution performance of new defined type of window configuration to the conventional window counterpart with a variety of glazing materials. The comparison was made for a deep, south-facing perimeter zone with large window, without any interior obstruction. The conventional window is the base single homogeneous glass pane, where as the differentiated window uses of two different glazings; an upper daylight glazing with high visible transmission and lower view window with lower transmittal glass. The daylight performance data was translated into a ratio between outdoor illuminance and the interiors. The simulated analysis of the conventional window indicates that the interior light levels have been changed proportionally dependent on the transmittance of the applied glass. The comparison of daylight distribution analysis showed that the differentiated window has lots of photometric advantage by the optical function of upper daylight window. In particular, the contribution of higher daylight window into deep rear space must be stressed for daylighting application.

A unique thioredoxin reductase plays defensive roles against oxidative, nitrosative and nutritional stresses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Schizosaccharomyces pombe의 유일한 치오레독신 환원효소의 산화적, 일산화질소 및 영양 스트레스에 대한 방어적 역할)

  • Ji, Dam-Jung;Lim, Chang-Jin;Kim, Kyunghoon
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2016
  • A unique Schizosaccharomyces pombe TrxR+ gene encoding thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was found to be positively regulated by stress-inducing agents through the stress-responsive transcription factor Pap1. In the present study, the protective roles of S. pombe TrxR were evaluated using the TrxR-overexpressing recombinant plasmid pHSM10. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion-generating menadione (MD), S. pombe TrxR increased cellular growth and the total glutathione (GSH) level, while it reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nitric oxide (NO) levels of the TrxR-overexpressing cells, in the presence of H2O2 and MD, were maintained to be similar to those of the corresponding non-treated cells. Although S. pombe TrxR was able to scavenge NO generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), it had no significant modulating effects on cellular growth, ROS levels, or the total GSH level of SNP-exposed yeast cells, compared with the differences in those of the two non-treated cell cultures. TrxR increased the cellular growth and total GSH level, which were diminished by nitrogen starvation. It also scavenged ROS and NO produced during nitrogen starvation. Taken together, the S. pombe TrxR protects against oxidative, nitrosative, and nutritional stresses.

Study on Evaluation of Refraction Measurement for Clinical Application (임상적 적용을 위한 굴절력 측정의 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo, Jong-Sook;Sung, A-Young
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2006
  • Clinical evaluation of the Closed-view autorefractor and Open-view autorefractor was performed to examine validity and repeatability compared with subjective refraction. Measurements of refractive error were performed on 126 eyes of 65 subjects (aged 26±7.5 years) subjectively noncycloplegic. Intersession repeatability of the Closed-view and Open-view were also assessed on all 65 subjects together with Intersession repeatability on 7 to 14 days intervals. Spherical powers and spherical equivalent values of subjective refraction and autorefractions by Closed-view and Open-view were analyzed by paired T-test. The mean spherical powers of subjective refraction, Closed-view and Open-view were determined to be 2.125±2.155D, 2.146±1.907D, 2.117±2.121D, respectively. The mean spherical equivalent values of subjective refraction, Closed-view and Open-view were determined to be 2.362±2.204D, 2.391±1.967D, 2.366±2.162D, respectively. The results showed that the refractive errors as measured by the Closed-view and Open-view were found to be similar to the subjective refraction in all components.

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Principle and Application of Composting for Soils Contaminated with Hazardous Organic Pollutants (오염토양 정화를 위한 콤포스팅 기술의 원리와 적용에 관한 고찰)

  • Park, Joon-Seok;Lee, Noh-Sup;In, Byung-Hoon;Namkoong, Wan;Hwang, Eui-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2001
  • Composting is a cost-effective and environmentally-sound technology to treat soils contaminated with hazardous organic pollutants. Pollutants to be treated are as follows: explosives, phenolic compounds, PAHs, petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, and etc. Composting systems are windrow, static pile, and in-vessel. Design and operational parameters of composting are aeration modes, temperature, moisture content, nutrient supplement, amendment added, and etc. Appropriate oxygen concentration of composting for contaminated soils are 5~15%, while some compounds are degraded well at the low O2 concentration of 2~5%. The most diverse microorganisms live in the temperature of 2540. 50~90% of the soil field capacity is the moisture content not to make a problem in composting. Assuming a bacterial chemical equation is C60H87O23N12P, theoretical C : N : P from bacterial chemical portion is approximately 20 : 5 : 1. It should be noted that the ratio does not apply to the total organic carbon measured in a waste because not all carbon metabolized by bacteria is synthesized to new cellular material. Initial C/N ratio of 25~40 is optimum. It is more economical to recycle soils or composts than to add commercial microbes.

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