• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.881-887
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the development and current trends of AI-based medical imaging devices commercialized in South Korea. As of September 30, 2023, there were a total of 186 AI-based medical devices licensed, certified, and reported to the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, of which 138 were related to imaging. The study comprehensively examined the yearly approval trends, equipment types, application areas, and key functions from 2018 to 2023. The study found that the number of AI medical devices started from four products in 2018 and grew steadily until 2023, with a sharp increase after 2020. This can be attributed to the interaction between the advancement of AI technology and the increasing demand in the medical field. By equipment, AI medical devices were developed in the order of CT, X-ray, and MR, which reflects the characteristics and clinical importance of the images of each equipment. This study found that the development of AI medical devices for specific areas such as the thorax, cranial nerves, and musculoskeletal system is active, and the main functions are medical image analysis, detection and diagnosis assistance, and image transmission. These results suggest that AI's pattern recognition and data analysis capabilities are playing an important role in the medical imaging field. In addition, this study examined the number of Korean products that have received international certifications, particularly the US FDA and European CE. The results show that many products have been certified by both organizations, indicating that Korean AI medical devices are in line with international standards and are competitive in the global market. By analyzing the impact of AI technology on medical imaging and its potential for development, this study provides important implications for future research and development directions. However, challenges such as regulatory aspects, data quality and accessibility, and clinical validity are also pointed out, requiring continued research and improvement on these issues.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2011

Specific surface area is becoming a very important factor when newly developed advanced nano-materials are evaluated. But there have been many differences in results when measuring specific surface areas, depending on the measuring equipments and analysis method. To verify the reliability of the specific surface area measurement device supplied within the country, Round Robin Test (RRT) has been done at 21 affiliated research institutes. As a result, it was found that several institute had problems in measuring of gas adsorption amount in measuring equipment, and this proved the need for certified reference material (CRM). Furthermore, it was also found that the results from BET analysis is easily swayed by the analyst's subjectivism, and the calculated results may differ up to 16% in case of CRM I depending on the selection range of BET analysis. So this showed that a standard guideline for BET constant C value and fitting correlation coefficient R is needed, to properly select range in BET analysis. The experience in RRT, distribution of CRM, and standardized procedure would result in improved reliability in industrial processes, and thus, would contribute to the quality management, the productivity improvement, the safety evaluation, and the new material development.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.524-530
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• 2010

Chloramphenicol is one of the most effective antibiotics for treatment of food-producing animals for typhoid fever. However, it has been reported that it caused severe side effects such as aplastic anemia in human, therefore the use of chloramphenicol for food-producing animal is prohibited by European Union and other countries. In this study, the analytical method using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS) was established for accurate determination of chloramphenicol in meat. Chloramphenicol was extracted with ethylacetate from porcine and solid phase extraction cartridge was used for enhancing the recovery. The residue of chloramphenicol in porcine was analyzed using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC/MS) interfaced with electrospray ionization source. Analysis was performed in negative mode with selected reaction mornitoring mode at m/z 321${\rightarrow}$257 of $[M-H]^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $[M-H-(HCOCl)]^-$ and m/z 326 ${\rightarrow}$ 262 channels for its isotope. The established method was tested using fortified samples at the level of 0.2 1, 10, $25\;{\mu}g$/kg and analytical results agreed with the gravimetrically fortified values within their uncertainties. This method was validated by analyzing a certified reference material, BCR 445, from IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurement). Our measurement values agreed with the certified value within their uncertainties. The uncertainty of our measured value was much lower than that the certified value from IRMM.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

WoT (Web of Things) was proposed to realize intelligent thing to thing communications using WEB standard technology. It is difficult to adapt security protocols suited for existing Internet communications into WoT directly because WoT includes LLN(Low-power, Lossy Network) and resource constrained sensor devices. Recently, IETF standard group propose to use DTLS protocol for supporting security services in WoT environments. However, DTLS protocol is not an efficient solution for supporting end to end security in WoT since it introduces complex handshaking procedures and high communication overheads. We, therefore, divide WoT environment into two areas- one is DTLS enabled area and the other is an area using lightweight security scheme in order to improve them. Then we propose a mutual authentication scheme and a session key distribution scheme for the second area. The proposed system utilizes a smart device as a mobile gateway and WoT proxy. In the proposed authentication scheme, we modify the ISO 9798 standard to reduce both communication overhead and computing time of cryptographic primitives. In addition, our scheme is able to defend against replay attacks, spoofing attacks, select plaintext/ciphertext attacks, and DoS attacks, etc.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2013

With the overwhelming development of information technologies, the need for software development that can deal with diversified and complex business processes has increased dramatically. As a result, companies prefer softwares that can handle far more complex processing ability and also it should be stable as well as easier to maintain. These ambivalent requirements keep the software development organizations from assessing the quantitative abilities, so that under the support of the U.S. Department of Defense the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) have been developed. The CMMI upper levels for the software development companies will be evaluated to be excellent and authenticated, which drives the companies to get and maintain high levels of maturity. In this paper, a case study for a domestic software company has been exploited how to achieve CMMI level 4 and what kind of factors have been played an effective role. These issues at the domestic and international software and maintenance program, can influence the trustworthiness and marketing effects for the global market. In this paper, the company's actual case study will give clues to find out the important factors for the development and maintenance of software companies maturity levels.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2020

Recent advancements in industries and technologies have resulted in an increase in the volume of transportation, management, and distribution of logistics. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies have been developed to efficiently manage such a large amount of logistics information. The use of RFID for management is being applied not only to the logistics industry, but also to the power transmission and energy management field. However, due to the limitation of program development capacity, the RFID device is limited in development, and this limitation is vulnerable to security because the existing strong encryption method cannot be used. For this reason, we designed a chaotic system for security with simple operations that are easy to apply to such a restricted environment of RFID. The designed system is a two-dimensional tent map chaotic system. In order to solve the problem of a biased distribution of signals according to the parameters of the chaotic dynamical system, the system has a cryptographic parameter(𝜇₁), a distribution parameter(𝜇₂), and a parameter(𝜃), which is the constant point, ID value, that can be used as a key value. The designed RFID authentication system is similar to random numbers, and it has the characteristics of chaotic signals that can be reproduced with initial values. It can also solve the problem of a biased distribution of parameters, so it is deemed to be more effective than the existing encryption method using the chaotic system.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an impact crusher with a radial rotating plate installed at the bottom, which is a shock absorber that can produce high-quality recycled coarse aggregate for concrete and to verify the effect of improving the quality performance of recycled coarse aggregate and its applicability through concrete tests. As a result, it showed improved quality in all items such as absolute dry density, absorption rate, abrasion resistance, Particle shape judgment rate, amount lost in the 0.08 mm sieve passing test, alkali aggregate reaction, clay mass, stability, and impurity content, and it was found to meet the criteria of recycled aggregate quality standards. In addition, the air volume and slump of concrete to which recycled coarse aggregate is applied meet all domestic standards. According to the test results of the compressive strength characteristics by age of concrete according to the mixing ratio of the recycled coarse aggregate, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio of the recycled coarse aggregate was applicable up to 60 %.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

This paper put the goal on boosting up early startup investment by delivering and positioning SAFE as the main early startup investment type in Korea. In particular, this paper proves the better fitting of SAFE as to the early stage of venture investment than these of Convertible Note. This paper as referring the previous studies of SAFE as the major keystone issues determining active SAFE applying (legal positioning issue, tax treatment issue, failure of inducing the following investment with uncertainty over maturity) proposes boosting up policy of Korean SAFE. First, as to accounting treatment of SAFE, it suggests SAFE to recognize legally as "the capital" on the Korean Venture Investment Act of introducing SAFE actively as venture investment type. Second, as to tax treatment issue, it proposes on amending venture indication rule as the best alternative of resolving tax issue by accepting SAFE as the investment meeting to venture investment requirement. Third, as benchmarking foreign cases, it delivers the method of modifying foreign SAFE Contract Format by adding up more clauses about safety vehicles against the failure of the following investment and fixing maturity date and event. Ultimately, all resolutions of this paper fall on highlighting the role of Korean Venture Investment Act and Ministry of SMEs and Startups.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-43
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• 2018

Auf die ganze Welt macht unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(sog.Drohnen) in vielen Bereichen rasch Fortschritte und Anwendungen gezeigt. Nachdem ferngesteuerte Drohnen $urspr{\ddot{u}}nglich$ $prim{\ddot{a}}r$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $milit{\ddot{a}}rische$ Zwecke entwickelt wurden, $erh{\ddot{o}}cht$ sich derzeit ihre zivile Nutzung sowohl im Freizeit- als auch im Dienstleistungsbereich(Paketdrohnen, Drohnen-taxi) stetig. Mit der vermehrten Drohnennutzung steigen allerdings auch die damit verbundenen Risiken und Herausforderungen. In Zusammenhang damit stellt sich dann die Frage, ob $gegenw{\ddot{a}}rtige$ Vorschriften im Bereich von Luftrecht zurecht gekommen sind. Es sieht sich gerade der zwei Schwerpunkt $gegen{\ddot{u}}ber$. Erstens kann $Passagierebef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ mit unbemanntem Luftfahrzeug(mehr als 150kg) im $gegenw{\ddot{a}}ritigen$ Luftrecht keine Anwendung finden. Denn das kor. Luftsicherheitsgesetz und sein Durchsetzungsverordnung definieren die Terminologie von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen und unbemannten $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ als "wenn eine Person nicht an Bord geht und ferngesteuert wird". Also soll Drohne nach dieser gesetzlichen Definition nur "ohne Person" geflogen werden. Das besagt ohne Piloten und ohne Passagiere. Zweitens ist unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(weniger als 150kg) nicht auf Handelsgesetz anzuwenden, auf das ${\ddot{u}}ber$ Anspruchsgrundlage und Zurechnungsnorm des gewerblichen Luftverkehr geregelt ist. Der unbemannte Luftfahrzeuglieferdienst bringt nicht nur die Gefahr einer $Besch{\ddot{a}}digung$ des Frachtguts mit sich, sondern auch die Gefahr von $Bodensch{\ddot{a}}den$ durch Dritte. Gemäß ${\S}$ 896 des Handelsgesetzes ist aber die Anwendung von unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(weniger als 150kg) $hierf{\ddot{u}}r$ begrenzt, weil unbemannt $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ $einschl{\ddot{a}}gig$ in Ultralight $Flugger{\ddot{a}}t$ ist, die im Handelsgesetz ausschließlich besteht. Technische Fortschritt und die dadurch $erm{\ddot{o}}glichten$ kommerziellen Anwendungen werden die Nachfrage nach unbemannter $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ wecken. Die Umsetzung der $bez{\ddot{u}}glichen$ Vorschriften sollte auch diese Entwicklung aktiv begleitet und $fr{\ddot{u}}hzeitig$ kommuniziert und erarbeitet werden, damit Hersteller und Nutzer $fr{\ddot{u}}hzeitig$ Planungssicherheit haben.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2008

With increases in recent security requirements, biometric technology such as fingerprints, faces and iris recognitions have been widely used in many applications including door access control, personal authentication for computers, internet banking, automatic teller machines and border-crossing controls. Finger vein recognition uses the unique patterns of finger veins in order to identify individuals at a high level of accuracy. This paper proposes new device and methods for touchless finger vein recognition. This research presents the following five advantages compared to previous works. First, by using a minimal guiding structure for the finger tip, side and the back of finger, we were able to obtain touchless finger vein images without causing much inconvenience to user. Second, by using a hot mirror, which was slanted at the angle of 45 degrees in front of the camera, we were able to reduce the depth of the capturing device. Consequently, it would be possible to use the device in many applications having size limitations such as mobile phones. Third, we used the holistic texture information of the finger veins based on a LBP (Local Binary Pattern) without needing to extract accurate finger vein regions. By using this method, we were able to reduce the effect of non-uniform illumination including shaded and highly saturated areas. Fourth, we enhanced recognition performance by excluding non-finger vein regions. Fifth, when matching the extracted finger vein code with the enrolled one, by using the bit-shift in both the horizontal and vertical directions, we could reduce the authentic variations caused by the translation and rotation of finger. Experimental results showed that the EER (Equal Error Rate) was 0.07423% and the total processing time was 91.4ms.