• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.301-301
• /
• 2023

국가 수자원 중 농업용수 사용비율은 약 41%에 해당하며, 통합물관리측면에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 국가 수자원 전체 이용량 372억m³ 중에서 농업용수가 40.9%인 152억m³로 가장 많고, 환경용수 121억m³(32.5%), 생활용수 76억m³(20.4%), 공업용수 23억m³(6.2%)등으로 추산된다. 국가 수자원관리의 중요성이 커짐에 따라 수량 및 수질관리를 환경부로 일원화하여 관리하며, 농업용수의 유역단위 물관리의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 농업용수는 대부분 벼농사에 소비되고 있으며, 관개용수는 증발산량, 침투량, 자연 및 인위적인 배수량으로 소비된다. 회귀수량은 관개를 통해 농경지에 공급된 용수 중 작물에 의해 소모되지 않고 하천으로 유입되는 수량을 의미하며, 신속회귀수량(quick return flow)과 지연회귀수량(delayed return flow)으로 구분할 수 있다. 수자원장기종합계획에서는 35%가 하천으로 회귀되는 것으로 가정하고 있지만, 선행연구 결과에 의하면 국내 농업용수 회귀율은 기상상태, 작물재배품종, 재배형태, 용배수로 구조 등 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 약 32 ~ 86%의 다양한 범위로 큰 차이가 나타난다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 회귀수량 산정방법의 취약점을 보완하여, 수문모델링을 통한 유역단위 차원의 회귀수량 산정방안을 제시함으로써, 하천유지유량 관리 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.281-281
• /
• 2023

최근 급격한 기후변화와 하천수 사용량의 증가로 수문학적 변동성이 증가하면서 지표수와 지하수의 통합 관리 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이에 따라 SWAT-MODFLOW 모델은 지표수와 지하수 간의 수문학적 상호작용을 고려한 시공간적 지하수함양량의 분포와 하천과 대수층 간의 물 교환량, 장기 유출 및 수질 거동 해석 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이 모델은 국내 농업 유역 내 담수 논에서의 영농활동을 고려한 시단위 유출 및 수질 예측과 지표수-지하수 통합 해석에 어려움이 있다. 우리나라의 경우 전국 농지 면적 중 논이 약 50%를 차지하고 있음에도 불구하고 아직까지 국내 담수 논 특성을 고려하여 지표수-지하수 통합 해석이 가능한 수문 모델이 개발 된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고해상도 시강우량에 따른 담수 논에서의 증발, 침투, 관개, 배수 등 모의가 가능한 Hourly SWAT-PADDY 모듈을 개발하고, SWAT-MODFLOW 모델의 수문 프로세스와의 연계를 통해 지표수-지하수 통합 해석이 가능한 Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY 모델을 개발하였다. Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY 모델은 사용자가 구축한 담수 논의 입력자료(담수, 관개, 낙수 일정 등)를 기준으로 논의 담수 및 비담수 시기에 따른 시단위 물수지 해석과 이를 고려한 유출량, 수질, 지하수함양량, 하천과 대수층 간의 물 교환량 산정이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 개발 된 Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY 모델은 국내 농업 유역에서의 지표수-지하수 통합 관리 대책 수립 방향을 제시하기 위한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 향후 논의 관개 용수 공급원 연계를 통한 모델의 고도화 방안과 최적의 논 영농 데이터베이스가 마련된다면 보다 정량적인 물수지 해석 기반의 지표수-지하수 통합 모델링이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

Learning user's preference is a key issue in intelligent system such as personalized service. The study on user preference model has adapted simple user preference model, which determines a set of preferred keywords or topic, and weights to each target. In this paper, we recommend multi-perspective user preference model that factors sentiment information in the model. Based on the topicality and sentimental information processed using natural language processing techniques, it learns a user's preference. To handle timc-variant nature of user preference, user preference is calculated by session, short-term and long term. User evaluation is used to validate the effect of user preference teaming and it shows 86.52%, 86.28%, 87.22% of accuracy for topic interest, keyword interest, and keyword favorableness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2021.06a
• /
• pp.313-313
• /
• 2021

남·북한강 상류 수계에는 만대지구, 가아지구, 자운지구, 도암호유역, 골지천유역, 대기지구 등 총 6개의 비점오염원관리지역이 지정되어 있으며, 비점오염원관리를 위한 관리대책 및 시행계획에 따라 지속적으로 비점오염저감시설이 설치·운영되고 있다. 그러나, 기후변화에 따른 집중호우 등의 원인으로 뚜렷한 비점오염 저감효과가 나타나지 않고 있으며, 개별 비점오염 저감시설의 명확한 저감효율이 정량화되지 않아 탁수저감 기여도 및 효율성 평가 시 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통하여 비점오염저감시설별 저감효율 제시가 미흡하였던 시설 중 돌망태, 식생토낭에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. 저감효율 평가를 위해 경사도 3%, 사면 폭 4 m, 사면길이 22 m의 시험포를 조성하였다. 강우시 발생하는 유출수를 대조구와 비교하였으며, 영농시기를 고려하여 영농작업을 병행하여 실시하였다. 제거효율법을 통한 저감효율 산정 결과 돌망태와 식생토낭의 SS항목은 80.5%와 73.7%로 저감효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, BOD는 71.2%, 60.2%, T-N은 70.5%, 64.7%, T-P는 63.7%, 63.1%로 나타났다. TOC는 46.8%, 38.8%로 다른 항목에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 저감효율이 나타났다. 부하량합산법을 통한 저감효율 산정 결과 돌망태와 식생토낭의 T-N 항목은 78.6%와 70.8%로 저감효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, BOD는 77.5%, 65.4%, SS는 76.7%, 67.8%, T-P는 68.4%, 63.7%로 나타났다. TOC는 62.7%, 44.6%로 시설별 뚜렷한 차이가 나타났다. 제거효율법과 부하량합산법을 이용하여 저감효율을 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 40%이상의 저감효율이 나타났으며, 돌망태가 식생토낭에 비해 저감효과가 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 경사면의 흙탕물 저감을 위해서는 비점오염저감시설의 설치가 우선되어지나, 탁수저감 기여도 및 저감효율 제시를 위한 정량화는 장기간의 모니터링이 필요하기 때문에 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 효율평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구 결과는 향후 비점오염저감시설 설치에 따른 유역 내 오염물질 발생 모의를 위한 모델링의 기초차료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.550-554
• /
• 2023

Fossil energy sources are limited in their sustainable use and expansion due to global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen is considered as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. To ensure the stable long-term storage, it is necessary to accurately predict its thermodynamic properties at cryogenic temperatures. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate thermodynamic properties, such as saturated vapor pressure and density, enthalpy, and entropy of liquid and gas, using cubic equations of state that demonstrate relatively simple relationships. Among the three types of equations of state (Redlich-Kwong (RK), Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), and Peng-Robinson (PR)), the SRK model exhibited relatively accurate prediction results for various physical properties.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2024

This study explores the use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), processed through Google Earth Engine (GEE), to monitor changes in the areas of Antarctic ice shelves. Focusing on the Campbell Glacier Tongue (CGT) and Drygalski Ice Tongue (DIT),the research utilizes GEE's cloud computing capabilities to handle and analyze large datasets. The study employs Otsu's method for image binarization to distinguish ice shelves from the ocean and mitigates detection errors by averaging monthly images and extracting main regions. Results indicate that the CGT area decreased by approximately 26% from January 2016 to January 2024, primarily due to calving events,while DIT showed a slight increase overall,with notable reduction in recent years. Validation against Sentinel-2 optical images demonstrates high accuracy,underscoring the effectiveness of SAR and GEE for continuous, long-term monitoring of Antarctic ice shelves.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.339-355
• /
• 2024

The pulmonary system is a highly complex system that can only be understood by integrating its functional and structural aspects. Hence, in vivo animal models are generally used for pathological studies of pulmonary diseases and the evaluation of inhalation toxicity. However, to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation and with the consideration of animal welfare, alternative methods have been extensively developed. Notably, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have agreed to prohibit animal testing after 2030. Therefore, the latest advances in biotechnology are revolutionizing the approach to developing in vitro inhalation models. For example, lung organ-on-a-chip (OoC) and organoid models have been intensively studied alongside advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic systems. These modeling systems can more precisely imitate the complex biological environment compared to traditional in vivo animal experiments. This review paper addresses multiple aspects of the recent in vitro modeling systems of lung OoC and organoids. It includes discussions on the use of endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts composed of lung alveoli generated from pluripotent stem cells or cancer cells. Moreover, it covers lung air-liquid interface (ALI) systems, transwell membrane materials, and in silico models using artificial intelligence (AI) for the establishment and evaluation of in vitro pulmonary systems.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.382-393
• /
• 2020

The engineered barrier system of high-level radioactive waste disposal must maintain its performance in the long term, because it must play a role in slowing the rate of leakage to the surrounding rock mass even if a radionuclide leak occurs from the canister. In particular, it is very important to clarify gas dilation flow phenomenon clearly, that occurs only in a medium containing a large amount of clay material such as a bentonite buffer, which can affect the long-term performance of the bentonite buffer. Accordingly, DECOVALEX-2019 Task A was conducted to identify the hydraulic-mechanical mechanism for the dilation flow, and to develop and verify a new numerical analysis technique for quantitative evaluation of gas migration phenomena. In this study, based on the conventional two-phase flow and mechanical behavior with effective stresses in the porous medium, the hydraulic-mechanical model was developed considering the concept of damage to simulate the formation of micro-cracks and expansion of the medium and the corresponding change in the hydraulic properties. Model verification and validation were conducted through comparison with the results of 1D and 3D gas injection tests. As a result of the numerical analysis, it was possible to model the sudden increase in pore water pressure, stress, gas inflow and outflow rate due to the dilation flow induced by gas pressure, however, the influence of the hydraulic-mechanical interaction was underestimated. Nevertheless, this study can provide a preliminary model for the dilation flow and a basis for developing an advanced model. It is believed that it can be used not only for analyzing data from laboratory and field tests, but also for long-term performance evaluation of the high-level radioactive waste disposal system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.307-319
• /
• 2016

A Land-Atmosphere Modeling Package (LAMP) for supporting agricultural and forest management was developed at the National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM). The package is comprised of two components; one is the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF) coupled with Noah-Multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) Land Surface Model (LSM) and the other is an offline one-dimensional LSM. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the two components of the NCAM-LAMP and to evaluate their initial performance. The coupled WRF/Noah-MP system is configured with a parent domain over East Asia and three nested domains with a finest horizontal grid size of 810 m. The innermost domain covers two Gwangneung deciduous and coniferous KoFlux sites (GDK and GCK). The model is integrated for about 8 days with the initial and boundary conditions taken from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) data. The verification variables are 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, 2-m humidity, and surface precipitation for the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. Skill scores are calculated for each domain and two dynamic vegetation options using the difference between the observed data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the simulated data from the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. The accuracy of precipitation simulation is examined using a contingency table that is made up of the Probability of Detection (POD) and the Equitable Threat Score (ETS). The standalone LSM simulation is conducted for one year with the original settings and is compared with the KoFlux site observation for net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and soil moisture variables. According to results, the innermost domain (810 m resolution) among all domains showed the minimum root mean square error for 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, and 2-m humidity. Turning on the dynamic vegetation had a tendency of reducing 10-m wind simulation errors in all domains. The first nested domain (7,290 m resolution) showed the highest precipitation score, but showed little advantage compared with using the dynamic vegetation. On the other hand, the offline one-dimensional Noah-MP LSM simulation captured the site observed pattern and magnitude of radiative fluxes and soil moisture, and it left room for further improvement through supplementing the model input of leaf area index and finding a proper combination of model physics.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35-55
• /
• 2013

Information technology is a critical resource necessary for any company hoping to support and realize its strategic goals, which contribute to growth promotion and sustainable development. The selection of information technology and its strategic use are imperative for the enhanced performance of every aspect of company management, leading a wide range of companies to have invested continuously in information technology. Despite researchers, managers, and policy makers' keen interest in how information technology contributes to organizational performance, there is uncertainty and debate about the result of information technology investment. In other words, researchers and managers cannot easily identify the independent factors that can impact the investment performance of information technology. This is mainly owing to the fact that many factors, ranging from the internal components of a company, strategies, and external customers, are interconnected with the investment performance of information technology. Using an agent-based simulation technique, this research extracts factors expected to affect investment performance on information technology, simplifies the analyses of their relationship with economic modeling, and examines the performance dependent on changes in the factors. In terms of economic modeling, I expand the model that highlights the way in which product quality moderates the relationship between information technology investments and economic performance (Thatcher and Pingry, 2004) by considering the cost of information technology investment and the demand creation resulting from product quality enhancement. For quality enhancement and its consequences for demand creation, I apply the concept of information quality and decision-maker quality (Raghunathan, 1999). This concept implies that the investment on information technology improves the quality of information, which, in turn, improves decision quality and performance, thus enhancing the level of product or service quality. Additionally, I consider the effect of word of mouth among consumers, which creates new demand for a product or service through the information diffusion effect. This demand creation is analyzed with an agent-based simulation model that is widely used for network analyses. Results show that the investment on information technology enhances the quality of a company's product or service, which indirectly affects the economic performance of that company, particularly with regard to factors such as consumer surplus, company profit, and company productivity. Specifically, when a company makes its initial investment in information technology, the resultant increase in the quality of a company's product or service immediately has a positive effect on consumer surplus, but the investment cost has a negative effect on company productivity and profit. As time goes by, the enhancement of the quality of that company's product or service creates new consumer demand through the information diffusion effect. Finally, the new demand positively affects the company's profit and productivity. In terms of the investment strategy for information technology, this study's results also reveal that the selection of information technology needs to be based on analysis of service and the network effect of customers, and demonstrate that information technology implementation should fit into the company's business strategy. Specifically, if a company seeks the short-term enhancement of company performance, it needs to have a one-shot strategy (making a large investment at one time). On the other hand, if a company seeks a long-term sustainable profit structure, it needs to have a split strategy (making several small investments at different times). The findings from this study make several contributions to the literature. In terms of methodology, the study integrates both economic modeling and simulation technique in order to overcome the limitations of each methodology. It also indicates the mediating effect of product quality on the relationship between information technology and the performance of a company. Finally, it analyzes the effect of information technology investment strategies and information diffusion among consumers on the investment performance of information technology.