• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Recently, lots of researches on concrete with high volume mineral admixtures such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS) have been carried out to reduce greenhouse gas. The high volume GGBS concrete has advantages such as low heat, high durability, but it has a limitation in practical field application, especially low strength development in early ages. This study investigated the compressive strength and hydration characteristics of high performanc and volume GGBS cement pastes with low water to binder ratio. The effects of fineness($4,330cm^2/g$, $5,320cm^2/g$, $6,450cm^2/g$, $7650cm^2/g$) and replacement(35%, 50%, 65%, 80%) of GGBS on the compressive strength, setting and heat of hydration were analyzed. Experimental results show that the combination of high volume slag cement paste with low water to binder ratio and high fineness GGBS powder can improve the compressive strength at early ages.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 1995

A method for lmprovlng strengths of recycled concrete was studied to make use of it in nolmal concrete structures. Recycled conc~ete was prepared by replacing 50% by weight of coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. Mix design rnet hod for crushed aggregates was used and specirriens were cured by normal moisture curing method. A plastlciser and a fly ash were added to the mix to improve performance of recycled concrete. Compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, stress-strain relationship, long-term compressive strength and fracture toughness were evaluated and compared with those of rlormal concretes. Recycled concrete showed, in general, lower compressive strength than normal concreks. It also showed lower elastic modulus, lower tensile and flexural strengths, and higher strain under the same stress level. However, by reducing w /c ratio down to 35% using the plasticiser. average compressive strength(${\alpha}_{28}$) of recycled concrete was reached. with slump of $16{\pm}2$cm, to $225kg/cm^2$ or hlgher, which is an acceptable strmgth level for normal structural concrete. I-Iowevei., elastic modulus and strain should be improved further for practical use of recycled concrctc: in normal structure. Fly ash addition in both concretes showed an effect of irnprovilig long term compressive strength and reducing strengths.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 2009

강원도 홍천군에 위치한 기타광물질 지역의 유출과 수질농도의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구기간동안 13회의 강우사상에 대하여 모니터링을 실시하였다. 13회의 강우모니터링 기간동안 발생한 강우량은 6.5 ${\sim}$ 149.0 mm의 범위를 나타냈고, 유출계수는 0.28${\sim}$0.98의 범위를 나타냈다. 유출률은 수리, 수문,지형 및 지질학적 특성 등 여러 가지 요인에 의하여 변화할 수 있다. 어느 한 지역의 강우사상에서 강우량과 강우강도 그리고 선행무강우일수 등의 수리, 수문학적 특성은 유출량과 유출율의 크기에 큰 영향을 준다. 강우량과 선행무강우일수 그리고 강우강도와 유출율의 상관관계에서 유출률은 강우량과 강우강도가 증가할수록 선행무강우일수가 감소할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 유출율과 강우량, 선행무강우일수, 평균강우강도 그리고 최대강우강도의 Pearson 상관계수는 0.75857, -0.36346, 0.68323 그리고 0.74594로 나타났으며, 강우량, 평균강우강도, 최대강우강도는 유의수준 0.05에서 통계적으로 유의하며 유출율과 강우량의 관계가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 기타광물질 지역의 수질농도들 사이의 상관관계는 $COD_{Cr}$과 $COD_{Mn}$에서 0.81097로 가장 큰 상관계수가 나타났으며, 유기물질인 $COD_{Cr}$, $COD_{mn}$, BOD 그리고 TOC는 통계적으로 유의한 상관 계수를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 유기물을 제외한 다른 수질항목은 큰 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기타광물질 지역의 유출수와 수질농도의 특성을 더 신뢰성있고 과학적으로 검증하기 위한 장기적인 연구와 노력이 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.2 no.2 s.5
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• pp.85-93
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• 2002

This paper is to derive the Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve at Kong-Ju area after estimating probable rainfall depths using Rainfall Frequency Atlas of Korea. It has been suggested that the probable rainfall intensity formulas should be classified by short and long term basis in this area. The coefficients of determination of the probable rainfall intensity formulas are calculated as high as 0.9924 through 0.9971. Four types of rainfall intensity formulas such as Talbot type, Sherman type, Japanese type, General type are considered to determine the best type for the Kong-Ju area. Sherman type applied in this study can be determined as the representative probable rainfall intensity formula in the area. Therefore the rainfall intensity formulas for the selected return period in this study provide valuable insight into the estimation of the rainfall intensity. The developed Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve can be used to provide a better hydraulic design at Kong-Ju area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.653-656
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• 2008

As super.high.strength concrete uses a large amount of binder, there is an autogenous shrinkage strain larger than dry shrinkage and it degrades the quality of structures. Thus, we need a technology to minimize the shrinkage strain of super.high.strength concrete. Accordingly, the present study prepared super.high strength concrete with design strength of over 80MPa and, using an embedded gauge, measured the shrinkage strain of free shrinkage specimens for super.high.strength concrete containing expansion agent. According to the results of this study, the expansion rate of concrete increased in the early stage due to the admixture of expansion agent, but the shrinkage rate went down with the lapse of time. The effect of the admixture of expansion agent on compressive strength appeared insignificant. Further research shall be made on different kinds of expansion agents and various mixture ratios for basic analysis to reduce autogenous shrinkage of super.high.strength concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is evaluating the characteristics of tensile strength of UHPC and examining tensile performance of notched specimens by direct tensile test. For test variables, 120, 150, and 180MPa of target design standard strength were aimed at. With general water curing and $90^{\circ}C$ high temperature steam as curing conditions, the properties were reviewed. Overall, it was represented that the specimens of notch-type direct tensile strength concrete was effective in inducing central cracks compared with existing direct tension specimens. Through this, it was judged that data construction with high reliability was possible. Above all, in a graph of direct tensile strength and strain, in the case of steam curing at high temperature, there was great difference of initial tensile strength compared with water curing. As passing of ages, an aspect that the difference gradually decreased was shown. Maximum tensile strength was found to increase steadily with increasing age for all target design strengths in water curing, in the case of steam curing, the tendency to increase significantly due to the initial strength development effect at 7 days of age. The initial crack strength increases with age in case of underwater curing, in the case of steam curing, it was higher than that of water curing in 7 days, while the strength of 28 days was lowered. In this part, it is considered necessary to examine the arrangement condition of the steel fiber.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2007

In this study, a new concept for simulating a physical damage of tunnel shotcrete lining due to a long-term chemical deterioration has been proposed. It is known that the damage takes place mainly by internal cracks, reduction of stiffness and strength, which results mainly from volume expansion of the lining and corrosion of cement materials, respectively. This damage mechanism of shotcrete lining appears similar in most kinds of chemical reactions in tunnels. Therefore, the mechanical deterioration mechanism induced by a series of chemical reactions was generalized in this study and mathematically formulated in the framework of thermodynamics. The numerical model was implemented to a 3D finite element code, which can be used to simulate behaviour of tunnel structures undergoing external loads as well as chemical deterioration in time. A number of illustrative examples were given to show a feasibility of the model in tunnel designs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.241-241
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• 2017

기후변화로 인하여 강우의 불확실성이 가중되고 홍수, 가뭄 등 물 관련 재해의 발생빈도 및 강도가 증가함에 따라 안정적인 용수공급 등 수자원 관리 및 운영에 어려움을 겪고 있어 예측기반의 수자원 계획 및 운영이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라 기상청에서는 2010년 6월 영국기상청과 장기 계절예측시스템의 구축 및 운영에 관한 협정을 체결하였으며 2014년부터 전지구 계절예측시스템 GloSea5(Global seasonal forecasting system version 5)을 현업에 활용하고 있다. GloSea5 모델은 대기(UM), 지면(JULES), 해양(NEMO), 해빙(CICE) 모델이 커플러(OASIS)에 의해 결합된 통합 시스템으로 일단위 자료로 제공된다. 현재 수자원 분야에서는 장기예보자료가 제공되고 있음에도 불구하고 장기예보자료의 불확실성 및 수문 모형 입력자료로의 활용 어려움, 예측자료의 검증 미흡 등으로 기상청에서 제공하는 장기예보를 참고할 뿐 실제로는 과거 관측자료를 기반한 빈도해석 결과를 활용하여 댐 운영 계획을 수립하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 GloSea5모델에서 제공되는 일 단위 예측 강수량을 수자원 장기이수계획 및 관리에 활용하고자 GloSea5모델의 예측력을 평가하고 수치모델이 가지는 시스템 에러에 대하여 편의보정 및 지점 상세화를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 향후, 저수지 운영계획 및 증가하는 물수요와 불확실한 공급에 대한 의사결정 지원, 가뭄 대비를 위한 물 공급 제한 등에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns are becoming popular in structural applications. The increased popularity comes from their excellent structural properties such as high strength, high ductility, and large energy absorption capacity. However, the disadvantage feature of CFT column is the difficulty in predicting its time dependant characteristic (i.e., creep and shrinkage) of inner concrete. The time dependent behavior of CFT column can cause serious serviceability problems. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the long term behavior of CFT column. This paper presents analytical and experimental studies on long-term behavior of CFT-column under a central axial loading. Two loading cases are considered in the research; (1) the load applied only at the inner core concrete of CFT-column and (2) the load applied simultaneously on both concrete and steel tube. Analysis method using the bond strength model is proposed and conclusions on long-term properties of CFT-column can be derived from the results.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2001

Numerical studies were carried out to develop the moment magnifier method for long-term behavior of flat plates, subjected to combined in-plane compressive and transverse loads. Nonlinear finite element analyses were performed for the numerical studies. Through the numerical studies, the long term behavior of the flat plate subjected to uniform or nonuniform floor load was investigated, and creep effects on the degradation of strength and stiffness of the slabs were examined. As a result, the creep factor was implemented to describe the creep effect on the flat plate. The moment magnifier method using the creep factor was developed for long-term behavior of flat plates. Also, the design examples were shown for the verification of the proposed design method.