• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1984

A Korean local maize line, MET, which has multi-ears and tillers has been proved as a potential source for silage production. However, no fundamental genetic nature for the line has been investigated. Therefore, this study was done to find genetic information on the multi-earing and -tillering habits of MET line. MET line and a hybrid. (Mo 17 ${\times}$ B68), with monoculm and single ear per plant were used for production of F$_1$(F$\_$1-12/ and F$\_$1-21/), F$\_$2-12/, F$\_$2-21/, BC$\_$1-12/ and BC$\_$1-21/ generations. From the comparison of reciprocal crosses, it was found that the tillering and earing habits of the MET line are controlled by cytoplasmic factors. The tiller and ear numbers, and barren ears were all characters associated with the MET cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic effect of MET on tiller and ear numb en was not evident in F$_1$ generation, probably because of suppressing effect of heterosis on appearance of tillers or ears. Genetic parameters for the gene action for both tiller and ear number also indicated a lack of mono- or digenic-chromosomal gene effects. The heritability (broad) was very low for both characters. Therefore, it is strongly concluded that the tillering and earing characters of MET line are due to cytoplasmic reasons.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1996

This study was conducted to know how cold tolerance of rice is inherited. Several crosses were made between cold tolerant and susceptible varieties, and their progenies were evaluated for days to heading, spikelet number per panicle and spikelet fertility under both cold water and natural conditions. In F$_1$ and F$_2$ generations, earlier heading, more number of spikelet per panicle and higher spikelet fertility under the cold condition were dominance, and less delay or reduction in heading days and spikelets per panicle by cold treatment were over dominance or partial dominance, while less reduction in spikelet fertility by cold-water irrigation was complete dominance. Heritability in most characters by cold treatment was high and there was less difference of heritabilities in heading days and spikelets per panicle between cold treatment and natural conditions, while there was much difference of heritability in spikelet fertility between two conditions. Heterosis in spikelet fertility was considerably high, while those in heading days and spikelets per panicle were relatively low. Heterosis in remote crosses was especially larger under the cold-water treatment condition compare with that under natural condition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 1980

A new, improved maize varieties are greatly needed to meet the national demand for the maize, and a new germplasm should be investigated to supply necessary breeding materials for the required maize breeding. The Korean local maize lines, which has never been wholly studied for the purpose of breeding should be enough to supply such breeding materials at least in Korea. The objectives of this study were to maintain useful Korean local lines, to investigate good plant characters and to analyze the Korean local maize lines in the respect of genetic make-up. A total of 820 lines and 200 lines were used for the present study. Lines to maintain were planted at experimental farm of the Crop Experiment Station, Office of Rural Development, Suwon and the lines to study genetic make-up were planted in Dae-jon. The summarized results are as follows : 1. A total of 1200 lines from 820 collections were sibbed for future use. 2. Two hundred collection were sibbed, selfed and testcrossed for genetic study in 1980. 3. Ten lines were surely confirmed as resistant lines to virus disease epidemic in most introduced maize varieties. 4. A dozen Lines were having three to four ears per plant. 5. Five lines were showing three to four tillers per plant. 6. One of the most significant and important finding through the study was to obtain the lines with three to four tillers bearing all together eight to nine ears. The lines of multi-ears and multi-tillers must have great breeding potential for the future use. 7. A great variation was observed in the tasselling days, 100 kernel weight and protein content. 8. From the genetic study of local maize lines for plant height and 100 kernel weight, the following findings were obtained. a. On the average six percent of inbreeding depression expressed in percent decrease over sibbed counterpart were found for the plant height. b. Fourty percent of heterosis expressed in percent increase over sibbed counterpart were observed in the plant height. c. The homogeneity or degree of homozygosity calculated from heterosis minus inbreeding depression was on the average 34 percent for plant height. d. The average inbreeding depression expressed in percent decrease over sibbed counterpart was 15 percent for 100 kernel weight. e. The average heterosis expressed in percent increase over sibbed counterpart was 43 percent for 100 kernel weight. f. The degree of homozygosity calculated from the heterosis minus inbreeding depression was 28 percent for 100 kernel weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 1985

The present study was carried out to obtain some basic informations of the breeding of tobacco varieties. Genetically divergent 8 varieties, 3 flue-cured, 2 burley and 3 sun-cured tobaccos, were used in half diallel cross. In order to analyze the heterosis, combining abilities, modes of inheritance and correlations for some agronomic and chemical characters, 8 parents and 28 $F_2$ were tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The percentages of heterosis for yield, stem diameter, internode length and total sugar content in $F_2$ hybrid were positive , where-as those for the other characters were negative. Yield had significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower, leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf shape index (Leaf length/leaf width). General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for all characters of $F_2$ hybrid were significant. In the effect of GCA, yield was greater in combinations of Bulgaria and Xanthi, days to flower and leaves per plant were those of Burley 21 and Va 528, leaf length and width were those of Coker 139, respectively. In the effect of SCA, the major part of characters were greater than those of others in the combinations of Burley 21, Va 528, Hicks.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1999

예비구조설계에서는 구조시스템 대안의 생성과 발전, 여러 방법과 대상에 따른 해석과 설계 다양한 요구조건과 구조적 특성을 고려한 여러 구조시스템 대안의 비교 및 선택 과정을 거친다. 그리고, 이러한 각 과정은 구조설계자의 경험적 지식을 바탕으로 하는 종합적인 사고와 판단에 따라서 단계적, 반복적으로 이루어진다. 그러므로, 예비구조설계에서는 정형화된 자료와 작어뿐 아니라 비정형화된 자료와 작업도 처리해야 한다. 따라서, 컴퓨터는 정형화된 자료와 작업을, 구조설계자는 비정형화된 자료와 작업을 직접 처리하고 이를 상호작용을 통하여 교환 및 지시하는 방식, 즉 구조설계자와 컴퓨터의 역할분담에 기초한 상호작용방식을 통하여 예비구조설계에 컴퓨터를 효율적으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 구조설계자와 컴퓨터의 역할분담에 기초한 상호작용을 원활히 지원하기 위해서는 구조시스템 대안의 기하학적 향상, 재료에 대한 자료를 효과적으로 제시할 수 있는 3차원 관점, 각 구조시스템 대안을 검토하고 비교하는 사항이 되는 다양한 요구조건에 대한 자료들을 관리하고 제시할수 있는 요구조건 관점이 필요하다. 그리고 예비 구조설계가 진행되어 온 과정, 방향, 설계의도등의 파악을 위한 바탕이 될 수 있는 작업과정관점, 구조시스템 대안 발전 관점이 필요하다. 예비구조설계의 프로세스 조절을 위한 상호작용을 효과적으로 지원하기 위해서는 컴퓨터가 수행 할 수 있는 정형화된 작업들을 예비구조설계의 진행순서인 구조시스템 대안의 생성과 발전, 구조시스템 대안의 해석과 설계, 구조시스템 대안의 선택에 따라서 나열하여 제시할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해서 구조설계자는 자신의 판단에 따라서 다음에 수행해야 할 작업을 결정하고, 그에 해당하는 정형화된 작업을 컴퓨터가 제시한 작업 중에서 선택하고 그 수행을 지시하여 자신의 경험적 지식과 설계의도에 맞추어 예비구조설계의 프로세스를 조절할 수 있다.정조합력은 유의차가 컸으나, 상반조합 능력은 없었다. 교배친의 우성효과는 컸다. 잡종강세 환경변이 및 상가적 작용도 컸다. 우성의 방향은 정의 방향이었으므로 우성귀전자가 크게 작용하였다. 이들 형질들의 귀전자들은 초우성을 나타내었다. 교배친의 자견층중의 우성순서는 잠120>잠114>잠108>잠119>잠118>잠107>잠117>잠113 순이었고, 웅견층중에서는 잠114>잠108>잠120>잠117>잠118>잠107>잠119>잠119>잠113 순이었다. 자견층 비율에서는 광의의 귀전력이 협의의 귀전력보다 컸고, 웅견층 비율에서는 같았다, 견층 비율에서는 일반조합 능력은 크게 나타났으나, 특정조합 능력과 상반조직 능력은 나타나지 않았다. 자견층 비율에서 교배친의 우성효과는 컸다. 자견층 비율에서는 교배친의 우성효과는 적었다. 자웅견층 비율의 잡종 강세는 적게 나타났다. 환경변이와 상가적 작계는 자웅견층 비율에서는 크게 나타났다. 우성의 방향은 자견층 비율에서는 정의 방향으로 우성 귀전자가 크게 작용하였으며, 자견층 비율에서는 정의 방향으로 우성 귀전자가 부분적으로 작용하였다. 교배친의 자견층 비율의 우성순서는 잠117>잠114>잠108>잠120>잠118>잠119>잠107>잠113 순이었고, 자견층 비율에서는 잠114>잠117>잠108>잠118>잠107>잠119>잠113>잠120의 순이었다.지방산의 조성이 많은 차이를 보였다.{2+}$ 26 및 $Na^+$ 26 mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 양액 재배 후 버려지는 폐양액 중의 무기성분 함량은 양액재배에 이용되는 원수에 비해 상당히 높아졌다.료로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.약재료인 약초류 등을 이용하였는데 오랫동안 푹 삶아 그물에 곡류 등을 넣어 죽이나 밥으로 조리하였으며 면으로도 조리하였다. 이상과 같이 조선시대 주식류의 종류 및 조리방법에 대한

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1981

Populus glandulosa and Populus tomentiglandulosa, which were known to be natural hybrids, were examined for morphological, physiological and karyological traits to illucidate its hybridity and taxonomical importance. The results abtained were as follows; 1. Survival rate in rooting of cuttings and grafting was different between the hybrids and their rooting abilities showed incomplete dominance. 2. Their leaf openings showed incomplete dominance. The leaf longevities of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa were stronger than the other hybrids. 3. There were differences in resistance to toxicity of $KClO_3$ between the hybrids. 4. Many external leaf characters of the hybrids also showed incomplete dominance. P. tomentiglandulosa was similar in those characters to P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while P. glandulosa was similar to hybrids crossed, reciprocally crossed or back-crossed between P. davidiana and P. alba. 5. Their numbers of male flower showed incomplete dominance or hybrid vigor. The numbers of P. tomentiglandulosa were similar to thosa of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa while those of P. glandulosa to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana or P. davidiana ${\times}$ alba. 6. Morphology and band color of male catkin bract showed incomplete dominance. Those of P. glandulosa were similar to those of P. alba ${\times}$ davidiana while those of P. tomentiglandulosa to those of. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa. 7. There were differences in vascular bundle number and arrangement of petiole between the hybrids. 8. Differences in the anatomical traits of stem did not exist between the hybrids but those in wood fiber size existed. 9. The chromosomes of artificial hybrids, P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed irregular behavior in metaphase I and II. 10. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed small number of P.M.C. with 19 II but many univalent chromosomes were exhibited in metaphase I. 11. All hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa showed a little abnormal nuclear plates as laggard chromosome and chromosome bridge in anaphase I and II. 12. The frequency of pollen tetrad and fertile pollen was low in most of the hybrids including P. glandulosa and P. tomentiglandulosa.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 1995

Popped popcorn generally have a regular popping direction and typical shape. But the reason and mechanism are not clear yet. This experiment was carried out to investigate the shape moulding factor of popped popcorn. Pericarp thickness of tip-cap section of kernels is slightly thicker than that of top section and this fact provides the important information to the reason. Popping starts when the moisture pressure of heated popcorn is increased and reaches at the critical pressure. Therefore, in the same moisture pressure conditions, top sections are bursted first because their pericarp section is thinner than that of tip-cap section. At the very moment tip-cap sections pull down the top sections of peri carp as bi-metal does. So kernels which removed tip-cap section showed the irregular popping shape because they lost the tip-cap pericarp function. How-ever, kernels which removed embryo showed the typical popping shape but their popping volume was small due to emition and shortage of critical moisture pressure. But kernels which removed the whole pericarp and top pericarp were not popped at all because moisture was entirely emitting out of kernels. These results suggest that the shape moulding factor of popped popcorn is the pericarp thickness differences between the top and tip-cap section of kernels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information for breeding of burley(N. tabacum cv. burley) and sun-cured tobacco(N. tabacum cv. sun-cured) variety. Two burley(Burley 21, KB 108), and T.I. 1068 and three sun-cured varieties(Yeonbyeon 3, Jaheungyeon and Jaraehong) were diallel crossed and 15 combinations of F$_1$generations were made in 1998, respectively. Six parental varieties, 15 F$_1$s were grown under the complete randomized block design with 3 replications at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 2000. The data of 12 quantitative characters were measured for degree of heterosis. The results obtained are as follows. Heterosis of F$_1$generation was positive in weight per leaf, plant height, stem diameter, yield, leaf length and total alkaloid content. Cross combinations between either Burley 21 or KB 108 and sun-cured varieties showed comparatively high heterosis in each characters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 1984

The highest cutting ratio and the best growth performance of the P. alba, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa and P. glandulosa were at -0.05 bars of soil water potential (${\Psi}_s$). Their growth and rooting ability of cuttings were better in suitable soil moisture contents, 19.650, but were worse in low soil moisture contents, 11.41% and 16.66%, respectively. Specially, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa appeared hybrid vigor in high soil water potential (${\Psi}_s$= -0.05 bars) but not appeared it below ${\Psi}_s$ = -0.5 bars. It is believed that P. glandulosa is a natural hybrid between P. davidiana and P. alba in view of morphological characteristics. Aspen, normally, does not have the rooting ability of cuttings, however, P. glandulosa showed the rooting ability, though the ratio was low, 23%. It is estimated that this rooting ability was originated from P. alba. In addition, its growth rate was between P. alba and P. davidiana, and the sensitivity of water requirement for the growth was also really equal to P. alba. This facts prove P. glandulosa to be natural hybrid between P. alba and P. davidiana.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-101
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• 1982

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the existing method(s) to estimate the edible meat weight in live broiler chicken. Four. breeds of chicken, white Cornish broiler chicks(parent stock), Single Comb White Leghorn(SCWL) egg strain chicks (parent stock), and two reciprocal cross breds of these parent stocks were employed in this study. A total of 480 birds, 60 male and 60 female chicks for each breed, were used. Ten male and 10 female chicks from each breed were randomly sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of ages in order to measure the body weight, edible meat weight of breast and 1eg(thigh and drum-stick), various components of body weight and various body shape measurements. In addition, chemical analyses of edible meat were carried out. Results obtained from this sturd were summarized as follows. 1. The average body weights of White Cornish broiler chicks and SCWL egg strain chicks were 1.82${\pm}$0.048kg(X${\pm}$S.E.) and 0.67${\pm}$0.029 kg. respectively, at 8 weeks of age. The feed to gain ratio for White Cornish and SCWL chicks were 2.24 and 3.28, respectively, for 0 to 8 weeks of age. The reciprocal cross bred chicks (White Cornish ${\times}$ SCWL) showed intermediate values in both parameters.