• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the latent classes in social exclusion and to analyse empirically the effects on the economic instability of old age by this type. And it also sought to look at whether the influence of old age anxiety varies with the subjective class consciousness of the elderly. Using the 14th data from the Korea General Social Survey (KGSS) in 2016, 1,041 adult males and females aged 18 years old were analyzed at the time of the survey. T-test, potential layer analysis (LCA), and multinomantic analysis of potential groups were conducted using the STATA14 and MPLUS 7 statistical programs. Finally, multi-regression analysis was performed to identify the moderate effect and effects among variables. According to the research, the types of social exclusion were three groups, followed by social exclusion group (49.3%), Multi-dimensional exclusion group (30.9%), and active social participation group (19.7%). The social exclusion group has the lowest possibility of economic, employment, and health exclusion, but the exclusion of formal and informal social activities seem to prominent, and the multi-dimensional exclusion group is more than 50% likely to experience exclusion in all areas. Active social participation are characterized by very active participation in informal social activities. By conducting multinominal logistic regression, it was observed that the social exclusion group included more young people than other groups, and that the multi-dimensional exclusion group included many elderly women without spouses. Finally, multiple regression analysis showed that social exclusion type interacts with subjective class consciousness and affects economic anxiety of old age.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.194-210
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• 2022

The user-centered EV charging infrastructure construction policy the government is aiming for can increase convenience for electric vehicle users and bring new electric vehicle users into the market. This study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the charging behaviors of actual electric vehicle users, which can be used as basic information for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Based on charging diary data collected for a week, the charging of electric vehicles was analyzed on a daily and weekly basis, and sequence analysis and latent class analysis were used. As a result, five daily charging profiles and four weekly charging profiles were identified, which are expected to contribute to revitalizing the electric vehicle market by providing key information for decision-making by potential electric vehicle users as well for establishing user-centered charging infrastructure policies in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes in school readiness which were measured by both parents and teachers, and to test the relationship with school adaption, academic abilities, problematic behaviors, self-esteem, and happiness. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), MANOVA, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using the data of 1,154 1st to 3rd grade elementary school students, and the data was collected between the 7th year (2014) to the 10th year (2017) from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study. The results of study were as follows. First, four school readiness groups were identified: the consistent low group, parent perceived high group, the teacher perceived high group, the consistent high group. Second, the consistent high group and the teacher perceived high group showed relatively better academic abilities and school adaption than the consistent low group. Furthermore, the consistent high group showed higher academic abilities, self-esteem, and happiness, but lower problematic behaviors than the consistent low group. The findings of this study could be utilized as preliminary data for understanding school readiness to promote successful school adaption and psychological well-being of children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.404-414
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• 2020

This study aims to explore latent classes in terms of changing patterns in achievement motivation among the samples from elementary school to middle school students in multicultural families and to investigate factors to predict latent groups and their relationship with academic achievement. 1254 pairs of mother and child from the 1st to 6th years of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) was utilized for the Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA), One-way ANOVA, Multinomial Logistic Regression. The results showed that there were four distinct subgroups within the samples in terms of achievement goal orientations (i.e. very-high changing group, average changing group, low stable group, very-low stable group) at all six time points, and students who reported high achievement motivation were likely to have higher academic achievement. Four groups were extracted based on parent's efficacy, students' self-esteem, and teacher's support. Suggestions and practical implications for understanding the types of subgroups for the achievement motivation of multicultural families were discussed.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.467-484
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore latent classes of longitudinal medical expenses of older people and to analyze its predictors and its effects on subjective health. Among participants of the Korean Health Panel, the sample of this study includes 1,119 people who is 65-year-old or older and reported their medical expenses for nine consecutive years. The analyses were conducted in three steps. First, Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was applied to find distinct subgroups showing similar patterns in medical expenses. The results showed four groups which were classified as high medical expenditure maintenance group, medical expenditure increase group, low medical expenditure maintenance group, and medical expenditure reduction group. Second, the multinominal logistic regression found that the presence of spouse, economic participation, the number of chronic diseases, and the type of health insurance were significant predictors of latent classes in medical expenses. In particular, the greater the number of chronic diseases, the higher the likelihood of belonging to the high medical expenditure maintenance group. In addition, medical benefit recipients are more likely to belong to the low medical cost maintenance and medical cost reduction groups. Third, multiple regression analysis revealed that the older people in the groups with low or reducing expenses reported better subjective health than people with higher expenses. This study has its meanings in exploring the heterogeneity in longitudinal medical expenses among older people and its predictors and its associations with health outcome. The results of this research provide background information in establishing public health policy for older people.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.853-874
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• 2010

This study examines the acceptability of nuclear facilities using the latent class analysis. Even though, nuclear power is useful in terms of economic and energy security aspects, it is very difficult to expand the existing nuclear power plants or build a new one. Many studies analysed the cause of unacceptability of nuclear facilities but it has not been focused how large portion of people are divided pro and con. It is very important to know the distribution of people by the attitude toward nuclear facilities in order to meet the long term National Energy Plan. Through the latent class analysis with 1,025 respondents, people are classified into three groups(favor-class, support-class, opposition-class). The favor-class is the largest group which has moderate good attitudes toward the nuclear facilities in terms of economy, cleanness. and necessity but concerns a little about safety. The second largest group is the support-class which comprises 1/4 portion of people. The people in the class show the aggressive support for the nuclear facilities. 15% of the respondents belong to the opposition-class which show the negative attitudes to expansion of neclear facilities. In order to increase the acceptability of nuclear faculties, the most urgent work for the government to do is to less people's concern about nuclear safety.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.307-331
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to explore latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression measured using CES-D. The study data was extracted from the Korea Welfare Panel Study Data collected from 2006 to 2010. It consisted of 8,900 adults with aged over 19. Growth Mixture Modeling(GMM) was used to explore possible latent trajectory classes in the change of depression over time. The major findings of the present study were as follows. First, there were five latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression. Second, there were 4 latent trajectory classes of depression for people in a non-poverty group, while there were 3 latent trajectory classes of depression for people in a poverty group. These findings lead to three conclusions. First, 12.1% of the sample shows that their depression level increases over time. Second, the previous research findings of decreased depression over time might be caused by the combination of two latent trajectory classes(a low level depression sustain group and a depression decrease group). Lastly, the latent trajectory classes in the longitudinal change of depression, which are found in the present study, might be caused by interactions among depression, age, and poverty status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.339-351
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• 2021

This study was designed to classify the parents' and their children's perception of contact frequency and to examine differences between career development competency and academic outcomes according to perceptional differences. Data of elementary school to high school students from the School Career Education Survey (2018) were used, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was utilized to explore the parents' and their children's perception of contact frequency. The perception of parents' and their children's contact frequency was classified into six groups in elementary and middle school and seven groups in high school. Career development competency (self-understanding and social competence, job understanding, career exploration, and career design and reparation) and academic outcomes (autonomous learning, motivation, and self-directed learning) of classified groups related to contact frequency significantly differed. In general, groups who reported a higher perception of contact frequency by children than parents showed higher vocational identity and better academic outcomes. This result implies that perceived contact frequency between parents and children can differ by school level, and its differences can be related to career development competency and academic outcomes of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.234-245
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• 2020

This study examined the developmental trajectories of parenting efficacy of mothers of multicultural families and how these trajectories differentiate perceived mothers' career-related behaviors as well as the socio-psychological and academic characteristic of their children in the first grade of high school. The latent class analysis (LCA) and BCH method were applied by using data drawn from the 4th to 10th graders in 2011-2017 from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS). Results showed that the latent profiles were classified into four groups based on the developmental trajectories of parenting efficacy of mothers of multicultural family: 'high level increasing-decreasing', 'above average increasing-decreasing', 'average unchanged', and 'below average unchanged'. As for demonstrated outcomes, the high parenting efficacy group increased when children were in elementary school but decreased when children were in middle school. At the same time, the low parenting efficacy group did not show much change during these periods. Next, parenting efficacy was a significant determinant of perceived mothers' career-related behaviors and socio-psychological and academic characteristic of their children who attend high school. Based on these results, this study implies a theoretical foundation for developing policies to encourage parenting efficacy of mothers of multicultural families and may result in positive socio-psychological and academic characteristics of their children in high school.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.44-51
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify latent profiles of multicultural adolescents' psychological outcomes (school participation, self-esteem, and difficulty related to multicultural identity) depending on their perception of the parent-child relationship. A total of 5,540 samples from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute in 2018 were analyzed by using Latent Profile Analysis and one-way ANOVA. The best-fitting model identified five groups according to their perception of the parent-child relationship: (1) father low-mother average (6.5%), (2) father average-mother low (2%), (3) father low-mother low (18.6%), (4) father average-mother average (31.2%), and (5) father high-mother high (41.7%). According to the results of one-way ANOVA, the father high-mother high (41.7%) group of adolescents showed more school participants and higher self-esteem and multicultural identity than the other profiled groups. The father average-mother average (31.2%) group of adolescents also scored higher than the other three groups (father low-mother average (6.5%), father average-mother low (2%), and father low-mother low (18.6%) of adolescents). The results of this study imply that improving multicultural adolescents' perception of their parent-child relationships would be important in improving psychological outcomes.