• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.814-820
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• 2016

In order to utilize coal ash for eelgrass beds, a pilot plant experiment was carried out. Eelgrass was transplanted to on artificial bed made of granulated coal ash. Successful settlement of eelgrass was achieved and the density of the eelgrass increased at an exponential rate through vagetative propagation after 24 months. An increase in biodiversity in and around the artificial eelgrass bed was observed after the transplant took place. From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that granulated coal ash is a suitable material for creating eelgrass beds.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

Fish assemblages associated with eelgrass beds and unvegetated area were compared based on specimens collected every month in Jindong Bay. The common fish species were Hexagrammos otakii, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Lateolabrax japonicus, Pholis nebulosa, P. fangi, Leiognathus nuchalis, Repomucenus valenciennei, and Acanthogobius flavimanus. H. otakii, A. schlegeli, P. nebulosa and L. japonicus were higher abundance in an eelgrass bed than unvegetated area, whereas P. fangi, R. valenciennei and A. flavimanus were higher in unvegetated area. Sillago japonicus, Hippocampus japonica, Takifugu niphobles, Pseudoblennius percoides, Sebastes inermis, Syngnathus schlegeli, Sebastes schlegeli were found in an eelgrass bed, but not in unvegetated area. Most of fish species were primarily small fish species or juveniles of fish species in an eelgrass bed, while larger fish species were found in unvegetated area. The eelgrass bed in Jindong Bay seem to play a nursery role for fishes. Seasonal variations in both species composition and abundance were large in two habitats; higher number of species and individuals occurred May 2002, and April 2002 to July 2002, while biomass was the highest in April 2002 and July 2002. Fish numbers as well as biomass were lowest in January 2002. Species richness, number of individuals and biomass of fishes in an eelgrass bed were significantly higher than those of in unvegetated area. These result suggest that differences in fish species richness and abundances are primarily related to habitat structure. Different habitat preferences were evidenced for the juveniles and adult of several fish species.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Since significant losses of seagrass coverage have been reported from many parts of the world, numerous restoration projects through seagrass transplantation have been attempted worldwide. Different survival rates and establishment time of transplants have been reported depending on transplanting time and methods. The staple method, which is direct seagrass planting method using staples to anchor seagrass transplants on the sediments, have been widely adopted in seagrass transplanting because this method achieves high survival rates in various sediment environments. To assess the morphological plasticity and the growth characteristics of transplants, we transplanted eelgrass, Zostera marina in December 2004 using the staple method. Shoot density, morphological characteristics and leaf productivities of the transplanted shoots and shoots of natural eelgrass beds in the vicinity of the transplanting site and environmental parameters in the planting site were monitored for about 1 year postplanting monthly. Transplant shoot density increased without initial decline, while leaf width and sheath length of transplants decreased after transplanting. Leaf productivities per shoot of transplants also considerably lower than those of natural shoots for the first 3 months post-transplanting. Shoot density, morphological characteristics and leaf productivity per area of transplants became similar to those of natural population about 1 year after transplanting. Although eelgrass transplants might have experienced some transplanting stress during the early stage of the transplantation, transplants appeared to adapt well to new environments of the transplanting site.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.562-569
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• 2004

An experiment for observation of the distribution of the seagrass (zostera marina) beds and characteristics of high-frequency backscattering by the photosynthesis was conducted off the coast. Acoustic data were taken as a function of the grazing angles and the relative azimuth angles on the seagrass beds of which bottom type was sandy-mud. The transmitted source signal was a 120 kHz CW waveform. Mapping of the seagrass beds distribution was drawn up using the seagrass backscattering strength with azimuth and grazing angles. The result of the comparison backscattering strength distribution of the seagrass beds was shown to be the similar to the photograph of real seagrass beds. The seagrass backscattering strength was also compared between day and night to verify the effects of the acoustical scattering by the bubbles of Photosynthetic oxygen formed on the seagrass. In these results. it is clear that observation of the seagrass beds between day and night showed the different characteristics because the bubbles of Photosynthetic oxygen affect the acoustical scattering.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Void fraction of air bubble in the seagrass bed by photosynthesis was estimated with sound speed dispersion. A field experiment was conducted at Seagrasss bed of which bottom type is sandy mud and 120 kHz CW waveform was transmitted to obtain backscattered signals from seagrass bed. The differences of the arrival time of received signal from seagrass bed were observed between day and night. The diurnal variation of arrival time was caused by sound speed dispersion of air bubble generated by photosynthesis of seagrass.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts (70%, v/v) from Whole, Root and Leaf stem part of dried Zostera marina. In order to use Zostera marina extract as a basic material of cosmetic component. The extracts of Zostera marina conducted an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. As a result, clear zone(mm) of Staphylococcus epidermidis was confirmed at $13.00{\pm}0.50mm$ and Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa have measured $11.75{\pm}0.25mm$, $12.00{\pm}0.50mm$, $12.25{\pm}0.25mm$ from Root extract part of Zostera marina. A Zostera marina extract is expectied to have antimicrobial effects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2012

This was the second study on the ecological characteristics of the epiphytes on seagrass leaf. The objective of this study was to understand the variation of epiphytes on seagrass leaf depending on the change of physico-chemical factors such as salinity, nutrients, and etc. This study showed the four results. 1) The eelgrass growth was influenced by water temperature, suggesting the positive correlation between eelgrass growth and water temperature. 2) The epiphytes growth on seagrass leaves did not show the correlation with water temperature, but negatively correlated with salinity. 3) The eelgrass growth decreased when the concentraion of nitrogen increased. 4) However, loads of epiphytes increased when the concentration of total nitogen (TN), nitrate ($NO_3^-$), and nitrite ($NO_2^-$) were high. This increase of epiphytes growth could be suggested in the cause-effect pathway of nutrient enrichment leading to seagrasses loss.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1998

Seasonal variations of eelgrass and epiphytic algae in eelgrass beds in Kwangyang Bay were studied from January 1994 to December 1994. A peak of the shoot length and standing crop of eelgrass occurred in summer, but low values were observed in fall and winter. The dominant species of epiphytic algae were Callophyllis rhynchocarpa and Champia sp. In spring and summer, while Polysiphonia japonica and Lomentaria hakodatensis in fall and winter. In contrast to the eelgrass, the standing crop of epiphytic algae showed a minimum in summer. There was a gradual increase in the standing crop of epiphytic algae during fall, and a peak of standing crop occurred in winter. Epiphytic algae accounted for approximately $15\~20\%$ of total plant standing crops of the eelgrass meadows. Correlation analysis with environmental factors indicated that temperature influences on both the standing crop of eelgrass and epiphytic algae. There was a positive relationship between the standing crop of eelgrass and temperature, while there was a reverse relationship between that of epiphytic algae and temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.355-356
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• 2003

잘피밭은 해양의 생태계 중 가장 생산성이 높은 해역 중의 하나로 최근에 많은 연구의 대상이 되고 있다 잘피는 잘 발달되어 있는 뿌리를 지니고 있으며, 흔히 온대와 열대의 연안해역에 밀생하여 무성한 해초지 (seagrass meadow)를 형성하고 있다. 본 조사해역인 경남 진동만은 연안을 따라서 잘피가 많이 밀생하고 있어서 생산성이 매우 높고, 자치어를 비롯한 많은 해양생물들이 큰 생물들로부터 보호되고 있는 좋은 서식처의 역할을 하고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2002

해초에 서식하는 부착생물의 생태학적인 이해를 위해 수주의 물리 화학적 요인 (수온, 염분, 영양염의 농도)이 잘피와 부착생물 및 부착조류의 성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 영양염의 농도 중 특히 질산염은 해양 수주 내에 부족할 경우 식물 플랑크톤을 비롯한 광합성 식물의 성장을 방해하는 요인으로 잘 알려져 있으며 (예, Bougis, 1976), 질산염이 부착생물에 미치는 영향에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되었다(Williams and Ruckelshaus, 1993, Coleman and Burkholde.,1994, 1995). (중략)