Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지

Ecological Characteristics of the Epiphytes on Seagrass - II. Effects of Physico-chemical Factors on Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and Epiphytes

해초에 부착하는 부착생물 군집의 생태학적 특성 - II. 물리화학적 요인이 잘피 및 부착생물에 미치는 영향

  • 정미희 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과) ;
  • 윤석현 (국립수산과학원 수산해양종합정보과)
  • Received : 2012.08.10
  • Accepted : 2012.09.12
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This was the second study on the ecological characteristics of the epiphytes on seagrass leaf. The objective of this study was to understand the variation of epiphytes on seagrass leaf depending on the change of physico-chemical factors such as salinity, nutrients, and etc. This study showed the four results. 1) The eelgrass growth was influenced by water temperature, suggesting the positive correlation between eelgrass growth and water temperature. 2) The epiphytes growth on seagrass leaves did not show the correlation with water temperature, but negatively correlated with salinity. 3) The eelgrass growth decreased when the concentraion of nitrogen increased. 4) However, loads of epiphytes increased when the concentration of total nitogen (TN), nitrate ($NO_3^-$), and nitrite ($NO_2^-$) were high. This increase of epiphytes growth could be suggested in the cause-effect pathway of nutrient enrichment leading to seagrasses loss.

이 연구는 해초에 부착하는 부착생물 군집의 생태학적 특성에 대한 두 번째 연구로서 해초가 서식하는 연안 환경의 물리화학적 요인 변화에 따른 부착조류를 포함한 부착생물의 변화양상을 이해하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 결과를 살펴보면, 1) 잘피는 수주의 온도와 정상관 관계를 보임으로써 잘피의 성장이 온도에 의해 큰 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 2) 부착생물은 수온과는 상관관계를 보이지 않은 반면 수주의 염분과는 역상관 관계를 보였다. 이는 염분 25 이하 범위에서 서식이 용이한 미세규조 종들의 증가로 인한 것으로 보인다. 이는 영양염의 결과와도 일치하였는데, 3) 잘피의 성장과 총질산염 (TN)과는 역상관 관계를 보임으로써 수주에 총질산염이 낮을 때 잘피의 성장이 좋았으며, 4) 부착생물의 현존량과 인산염과는 유의성이 나타나지 않은 반면, 수주의 질산염, 아질산염 그리고 총질산염과는 정상관 관계를 나타냄으로써 부착생물의 성장에 질산염 계열의 영양염의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 영양염과 잘피의 성장, 그리고 부착생물의 현존량과의 상관관계 결과들을 종합해 보면 부착생물의 현존량 증가는 영양염의 증가로 인한 것이며, 이는 잘피의 성장을 감소시키는 원인-영향 과정과 깊은 관계가 있음을 나타내고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. 정미희, 윤석현, 윤원득. 2010. Zostera속 해초에 부착하는 규조류의 부착 특성과 해초 종별 군집 변화. 한국해양학회지-바다. 15:184-191.
  2. 정미희, 윤석현. 2011. 해초에 부착하는 부착생물 군집의 생태학적 특성- I. 잘피 (Zostera marina L.)의 성장에 따른 부착생물의 군집변화. 환경생물. 29:362-372.
  3. 허성회, 곽석남, 남기완. 1998. 광양만 잘피와 착생해조류 의계절 변동. 한국수산학회지. 31:56-62.
  4. Apostolaki ET, S Vizzini and I Karakassis. 2012. Leaf vs. epiphyte nitrogen uptake in a nutrient enriched Mediterranean seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) meadow. Aquat. Bot. 96:58- 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.09.008
  5. Balata D, L Piazzi, U Nesti, F Bulleri and I Bertocci. 2010. Effects of enhanced loads of nutrients on epiphytes on leaves and rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica. J. Sea Res. 63:173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2009.12.001
  6. Bougis P. 1976. Marine plankton ecology. N.H. publishing co. Netherlands. 355pp.
  7. Cambridge ML, JR How, PS Lavery and MA Vanderklift. 2007. Retrospective analysis of epiphyte assemblages in relation to seagrass loss in a eutrophic coastal embayment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 346:97-107.
  8. Chetelat J, FR Pick, A Morin and PB Hamilton. 1999. Periphyton biomass and community composition in rivers of different nutrient status. Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:60-69
  9. Coleman VL and JM Burkholder. 1994. Community structure and productivity of epiphytic microalgae on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) under water-column nitrate enrichment. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 179:29-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(94)90015-9
  10. Coleman VL and JM Burkholder. 1995. Response of microalgal epiphyte communities to nitrate enrichment in an eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow. J. Phycol. 31:36-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00036.x
  11. Frankovich TA, AR Armitage, AH Wachnicka, EE Gaiser and JW Fourqurean. 2009. Nutrient effects on seagrass epiphyte community structure in Florida Bay. J. Phycol. 45:1010- 1020. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00745.x
  12. Frankovich TA and JW Fourqurean. 1997. Seagrass epiphyte loads along a nutrient availability gradient, Florida Bay, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 159:37-50.
  13. Gacia E, MM Littler and DS Littler. 1999. An experimental test of the capacity of food web interactions (fish-epiphytesseagrasses) to offset the negative consequences of eutrophication on seagrass communities. Estur. Coast. Shelf Sci. 48: 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0477
  14. Hellebust JA. 1970. Light; Plants. pp.125-158. In Marine Ecology (Kinne O eds.). Wiley-Interscience, New York.
  15. Lapointe BE, PJ Barile and WR Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 308:23- 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.01.019
  16. Lepoint G, J Jacquemart, JM Bouquegneau, V Demoulin and S Gobert. 2007. Field measurements of inorganic nitrogen uptake by epiflora components of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (Monocotyledons, Posidoniaceae). J. Phycol. 43: 208-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00322.x
  17. Orth RJ and J van Montfrans. 1984. Epiphyte-eelgrass relationships with an emphasis on the role of micrograzing: A review. Aquat. Bot. 18:43-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(84)90080-9
  18. Penhale PA and GW Thayer. 1980. Uptake and transfer of carbon and phosphorus by eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and its epiphytes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 42:113-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(80)90170-7
  19. Peterson BJ, TA Frankovich and JC Zieman. 2007. Response of seagrass epiphyte loading to field manipulations of fertilization, gastropod grazing and leaf turnover rates. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 349:61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.04.012
  20. Phillips GL, D Eminson and B Moss. 1978. A mechanism to account for macrophyte decline in progressively eutrophicated freshwaters. Aquat. Bot. 4:103-126.
  21. Ralph PJ, DA Tamasko, KA Moore, S Seddon and CMO Macinnis. 2006. Human Impacts on Seagrasses: Eutrophication, Sedimentation and Contamination. pp.567-593. In Seagrasses: Niology, Ecology and Conservation (Larkum AWD, RJ Orth and CM Duarte eds.). Springer, Dordrecht.
  22. Round FE, RM Crawford and DG Mann. 1990. The diatoms: biology & morphology of the genera. Cambridge University press. Cambridge. 747p.
  23. Smith WO and PA Penhale. 1980. The heterotrophic uptake of dissolved organic carbon by eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and its epiphytes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 48:233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(80)90078-7
  24. Snoijs P. 1999. Diatoms and environmental change in brackish waters. pp.298-333. In The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences (Stoermer EF and JP Smol eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York.
  25. Strickland JDH and TR Parsons. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 310p.
  26. Tomasko DA and BE Lapointe. 1991. Productivity and biomass of Thalassia testudinum as related to water column nutrient availabilaty and epiphyte levels: field observations and experimental studies. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 75:9-17.
  27. Williams SL and MH Ruckelshaus. 1993. Effects of nitrogen availability and herbivory on eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its epiphytes. Ecolgy 74:904-918. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940815