• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

In this study, the damages of high strength concrete exposed to high temperature have been evaluated by the impact echo method. Elastic wave velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity were measured by the impact echo method, and the compressive strength and the static modulus of elasticity were measured by the compression testing method after exposure to high temperature. The results showed that elastic wave velocity has a linear correlation with the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity has a linear correlation with static modulus of elasticity. Based on results, it is concluded that the impact echo method can be effectively applied to evaluate the mechanical properties of fire damaged high strength concrete.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.1 s.27
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

Methods of back calculation for either design procedures or elastic moduli obtained from FWD(Falling Weight Deflectometer) tests have widely been used to predict remaining life of airfield concrete pavements. Since the variation of the elastic modulus obtained from the FWD test depends on the back calculation methods, prediction of remaining life of airfield pavement using the back calculation method has not been reliable. In addition, the FWD method only concentrates on the structural integrity of the pavement without considering functional distress. In this study, a newly developed remaining life estimation procedure is proposed. This methodology includes both structural and functional consideration and suggests models and decision criteria for each stage. In order to improve the estimation procedure on remaining life of pavement, conducted the several tests on an old airfield concrete pavement. As a result, it is concluded that the load transfer efficiency on joint is better for predicting remaining life of pavement than the elastic modulus, which is commonly used. In order to verify applicability of the newly developed estimation procedure and detailed models, investigation and analysis were conducted according to the new methodology on C-airfield pavement. Finally, it is confirmed that the efficiency of the proposed method for practical application was good enough.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

When reinforced concrete structures are exposed to fire, their mechanical properties such as compressive strength, elasticity coefficient and rebar yield strength, are degraded. Therefore, the structure's damage assessment is essential in determining whether to dismantle or augment the structure after a fire. In this study, the confinement effect of lateral reinforcement of RC column according to the numbers of fire exposure face and stirrup was verified by fire resistant test with the heating temperatures of $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The test results showed that the peak stress decreases and peak strain increases as the temperature is getting higher, also transverse ties are helpful in improving the compressive resistance of concrete subjected to high temperature. Based on the results of this study, the residual stress of confined concrete under thermal damage is higher at the condition of more lateral reinforcement ratio and less fire exposure faces. The decreasing ratio of elastic modulus of more confined and less exposure faces from the relationship of load and displacement was also smaller than that of opposite conditions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2012

The lateral reinforcements of concrete such as hoops and spiral bars are known to confine concrete to compensate the strength loss due to fire by reducing explosive spalling and improving the capacity of ductility. In this context, a study was conducted to investigate the residual mechanical properties of confined and unconfined concrete($f_{ck}$=60MPa) after a single thermal cycle at 300, 600, $800^{\circ}C$. The main parameters required to establish the stress-strain relationship are the peak stress, the elastic modulus, and the strain at peak stress. The knowledge of the residual mechanical properties of concrete is necessary whenever the thermally damaged structure is required to bear a significant share of the loads, even after a severe thermal accident. Based on the results obtained in this study, the residual stress of confined concrete under thermal damage is higher according to the level of confinement and the larger strain made it to have better ductility. The decreasing ratio of elastic modulus from the relationship of stress and strain was also smaller than that of unconfined concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.869-872
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• 2008

Recently, the effects of high temperature on compressive strength, elastic modulus and strain at peak stress of high strength concrete were experimentally investigated. The present study is aimed to study the effect of elevated temperatures ranging from 20 to $700^{\circ}C$ on the material mechanical properties of high-strength concrete of 40, 60, 80MPa grade. In this study, the types of test were the stressed test and stressed residual test that the specimens are subjected to a 25% of ultimate compressive strength at room temperature and sustained during heating and when target temperature is reached, the specimens are loaded to failure. Or specimens are loaded to failure after 24hour cooling time. tests were conducted at various temperatures ($20{\sim}700^{\circ}C$) for concretes made with W/B ratios 46%, 32% and 25%. Test results showed that the relative values of compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing compressive strength grade of specimen.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2014

Recently, the trend toward larger architectural structures continues and accelerates demand for Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC) which satisfies structural performance. However, UHSC has weakness in fire and the performance tests are required. In this paper, the change of mechanical properties of 100 MPa grade UHSC exposed to high temperatures ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$) was observed to develop high temperature material model of UHSC: residual compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, property of stress-strain on monotonous loading and property of stress-strain on cyclic loading. In addition, TG/DTA and SEM Images analyses were performed to investigate chemical and physical characteristics of UHSC, and the results of this research were compared with those of previous studies. As a result, UHSC at the heating temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ showed a sharp decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. And It was shown that UHSC had a plastic behavior at more than $400^{\circ}C$ on the cyclic loading and revealed a same tendency in both monotonous and cyclic loading of all heating temperatures. In addition, through TG/DTA and SEM images analyses compared with those from previous studies, it was shown that the deterioration of concrete inner tissue, water evaporation and chemical reaction caused the decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.613-620
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• 2013

Concrete has been recognized as a material which is resistant to high temperatures, but chemicophysical property of concrete is changed by the high temperature. So, mechanical properties of concrete may be reduced. Because of this, standards and researches on the degradation of the mechanical properties of concrete at high temperatures have been presented. However, research data about the state that considering the loading condition and high-strength concrete is not much. Therefore, this study evaluated the high-temperature properties of high-strength concrete by loading condition and elevated temperature. The stress-strain, strain at peak stress, compressive strength, elastic modulus, thermal strain and the transient creep are evaluated under the non-loading and $0.25f_{cu}$ loading conditions on high strength concrete of W/B 12.5%, 14.5% and 20%. Result of the experiment, decrease in compressive strength due to high temperature becomes larger as the compressive strength increases, and residual rate of elastic modulus and compressive strength is high by the shrinkage caused by loading and thermal expansion due to high temperature are offset from each other, at a temperature above $500^{\circ}C$.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

Tensile tests were conducted on the GFRP reinforcement exposed to high temperature. The exposure condition for this study was below $200^{\circ}C$ for about 3 minutes. This conditioning is minor compared with that presented in experimental program conducted by other researchers. The residual tensile strength and elastic modulus of GFRP reinforcing bars at high temperature and after exposure to high temperature were compared. In results, tensile properties were decreased at high temperatures, but those after exposure to high temperature were recovered to pre-heating level almost completely. These results could be valuable for evaluating GFRP reinforced structure damaged by fire accident.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.87-99
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• 2012

Targeting 9 types of rocks, which have high frequency of excavation, the researcher has analyzed decreasing behaviors of elastic modulus due to water content. The elastic modulus decreasing behaviors have been classified into 5 steps by uniaxial compressive strength. The results indicate that all of 5 sedimentary rocks and andesite show single decreasing behavior and granite, rhyolite, and gneiss demonstrate another decreasing behavior. Moreover, sensitivity of water content in granite, rhyolite, gneiss is almost twice as fast as that of the other rocks and their residual value of elastic modulus is very low.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.583-592
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• 2008

Recently, the effects of high temperature on compressive strength, elastic modulus and strain at peak stress of high strength concrete were experimentally investigated. The present study is aimed to study the effect of elevated temperatures ranging from 20 to 700 on the material mechanical properties of high strength concrete of 40, 60, 80 MPa grade. In this study, the types of test were the stressed test and stressed residual test that the specimens are subjected to a 25% of ultimate compressive strength at room temperature and sustained during heating and when target temperature is reached, the specimens are loaded to failure. And another specimens are loaded to failure after 24 hour cooling time. Tests were conducted at various temperatures ($20{\sim}700^{\circ}C$) for concretes made with W/B ratios 46%, 32% and 25%. Test results showed that the relative values of compressive strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing compressive strength grade of specimen and the axial strain at peak stress were influenced by the load before heating. Thermal strain of concrete at high temperature was affected by the preload level as well as the compressive strength. Finally, model equation for compressive strength and elastic modulus of heated high strength concrete proposed by result of this study.