• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2009

Purpose: Glomus tumors are rare benign vascular tumors, usually located in the skin or soft tissue of extremities. Approximately 30-50% of glomus tumors occur in subungal area, but glomus tumors have been described in every location even where glomus bodies are not or rarely present. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical, histologic and MRI characteristics of soft tissue glomus tumor. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 2008, eight patients underwent surgery of soft tissue Glomus tumor at our institution. Exclusion criteria were patients with Glomus tumors in digits, stomach, trachea and glomus tympanicum. We analyzed medical records, interviews, physical examinations, MR findings and histolocial types retrospectively. Results: There were four men and four women. The mean age was fourty-seven years. The mean prevalence time was eight-point-nine years. In the classic triad of symptoms, all eight patients had pain and tenderness. Two patients complained of cold sensitivity. Two showed skin color changes. After surgery, two showed symptom improvement (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$, $8^{\circ}{\rightarrow}5$) and?six showed complete disappearance of symptoms. Slightly symptom improvemented (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$) one had additional surgery two times after first surgery due to relapse/remaining Glomus tumor. The mean size was 13.9 mm. In histology, six were 'solid glomus tumor', one was a mixture of 'solid glomus tumor' and 'lomangioma' and one was 'malignant glomus tumor'. MR findings showed isointense signal on T1 image, high signal on T2 image and strong enhancement on the Gadolinium enhanced image. Conclusion: Glomus tumor has low recurrence rate and malignant change, rapid diagnosis and surgical excision is critical in treatment to prevent unnecessary pain of patient.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-68
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• 1997

Lake Shihwa, artificially constructed since 1988, shows a typical two-layered system depending on strong haline density stratification. Sill of the water gate at 6 m depth greatly restricts physical mixing with outer seawater and circulation in the lake, and contributes to the enhancement of anoxic environment in the deeper layer. With this enclosed physical environment, Lake Shihwa receives enormous amounts of organics, ammonia, and other pollutants from the neighboring municipal and industrial complexes through six major streams, thus developing biogeochemical differentiation of anoxic to suboxic environment in the high saline bottom water and highly eutrophicated brackish surface water. This study investigated vertical structures, biogeochemical behaviors and processes of various organic and inorganic compounds around oxic-anoxic interface. Nitrite and nitrate rapidly decreased below the pycnocline where about $1{\times}10^8$ tons of hypoxic bottom water exist. In this bottom layer, ammonium ranged from 75 to 360 ${\mu}M$ mainly resulting from deamination of dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonification of precipitated organic particles. Despite large amounts of surface water discharge and dilution by outer seawater inflow about $3{\times}10^8$ tons from April to August, 1996, bottom layer did not show any improvement of water quality and maintained highly reduced environment. The main reason seems to be imbalance between ineffectiveness of dilution due to shallow depth and large surface area, overloaded POC influx from the eutrophicated surface biological activity, and poor replenishment of oxygen in this artificial lake system. Therefore, as long as current salinity dependent two-layered system maintains with its physical limitations, any improvement of water quality cannot be foreseen in Lake Shihwa.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.497-503
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• 2003

Pulmonary aspergillosis usually results from the colonization of the existing lung lesions by chronic pulmonary diseases, such as tuberculosis. Most cases of pulmonary aspergilloma have been treated surgically for many years because it is a potentially life-threatening disease causing massive hemoptysis. Here we reviewed our results from the last 10 years. Material and Method: We reviewed 31 cases surgically treated from Aug. 1992 to Jul. 2002. retrospectively. This investigation is designed to illustrate the peak age incidence, sex ratio, chief complaints, preoperative study, anatomic location of operative site, postoperative pathologic finding and postoperative complications. Result: The peak age Incidence laid in the 3rd and 4th decade of 20 cases (64.5%). The most common complaint was hemoptysis in 27 cases (87.1%). The 31 cases had a history of treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs under impression of pulmonary tuberculosis. The 19 cases (61.3%) showed the so-called “Air-meniscus sign” on the preoperative chest X-ray. In the 31 cases (100%) on the chest computed tomography. as a preoperative diagnostic modality, positivity was shown in 37.9%, 83.3% was shown on the fungus culture of sputum for Aspergillus, serum immunodiffusion test for A. fumigatus, respectively. The anatomical location of aspergilloma was mainly in the upper lobe in 19 cases (61.3%) and the majority of cases were managed by lobectomy. The postoperative pathologic findings showed that 31 cases (100%) were combined with tuberculosis. The postoperative complications include empyema, prolonged air leakage, remained dead space, postoperative bleeding and these numbers of cases is 3 cases (9.7%), 2 cases (6.45%), 2 cases (6.45%), 1 case (3.23%), respectively. one case was died postoperatively due to massive beeding, and asphyxia. Conclusion: Compared with the previous study, there is no significant difference in results. Preoperative chest computed tomography and immunodiffusion test were more commonly available and showed high positivity. Operations often became technically difficult because of pleural space obliteration, indurated hilar structures, and poor expansion of the remaining lung, which were more prominent in the patients with complex aspergillosis. In such cases, medical treatments and interventional procedures like bronchial artery embolization are preferred. However, cavernostomy is also recommanded with few additional morbidity because of its relatively less invassiveness. Early surgical intervention is the recommended management for patients with simple aspergilloma considering the Row surgical mortality and morbidity in recent days.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.369-381
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• 2004

This study was achieved to present the way to restore the Seonheulgot pasture-grassland damaged by landuse and interference for a long time to evergreen broad-leaved forests as the native vegetation structure. As a result of analyzing ecological succession tendency of structure in survey area, we established the optimal restoration model. The total of survey sites were 26, and the classified plant community types were four types by M.I.P of dominant woody species. Finally we classified the four types based on diameter of dominant woody species in canopy layer. The six community types are as follows: Community I was runner-shrub forest, community II was evergreen broad-leaved shrub forest, and community III was evergreen broad-leaved forest of small diameter. Community IV and V were evergreen broad-leaved forest of middle diameter. Community Ⅵ was evergreen broad-leaved forest of large diameter. The number of constituent species was 24 in community I, 28 in community II as the shrub forest, 16 as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of small diameter, 29 in community III, 30 in community IV as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of middle diameter and 27 in community Ⅵ as the evergreen broad-leaved forest of large diameter. The range of Shannon's index of all communitys was from 0.8763 to 1.2630 and the Similarity index between the community composed of middle diameter woody species and large diameter woody species. The ecological succession of community I, II, and III were changed from pasture-grassland to broad-leaved forest and the structure of community IV, V, and Ⅵ was similar to evergreen broad-leaved forest in warm temperate region. We suggest the restoration planting model evergreen broad-leaved forest of in Seonheulgot pasture-grassland, as follows: The target restoration vegetation were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii community and Queycus glauca community. Castanopsis cuspidata var. sievoldii and Quercus glauca should be dominant woody species in canopy layer, the number of trees was 10 per 100$m^2$, and Castanopsis cuspidata var, sievoldii, Quercus glauca, Camellia japonica, and Eurya japonica should be dominant woody species in the understory layer, the number of trees was 14 per 100$m^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the shear bond strength and adhesive bond durability of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) manufactured with mixed species lumber of Korean red pine, Korean pine and Japanese larch, using resorcinol adhesive and water-based polymeric-isocyanate adhesive (WPI). Each board used as a glulam lamina was graded by visual inspection. The visual lumber grade of the all species was very low due to the large size and number of knots and the steep slope of grain. In view of the results, appropriate pruning, sawing and drying processes might be needed to produce high grade lamina lumber with small knot size and drying defect free. Shear bond strength of every tested glulam specimen ranged between 7.9 and $9.9N/mm^2$, and much higher than the Korean Standard (KS) for glulam shear bond strength, $7.1N/mm^2$. There was not much shear bond strength difference between wood/resorcinol and wood/WPI. The resorcinol adhesive bond durability exceeded KS requirements. However, delamination on the end-grain surfaces of WPI glulam submerged in both room temperature and boiling water severely occurred, and its durability did not meet KS requirements. Further investigations may be required, and special care should be taken, to ensure long service life of WPI glulam used for exterior application. Results of this study are expected to be useful for improvement of mechanical properties and structural performance of mixed species glulam.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

Alkyl ethoxy sulfate type surfactants, widely used in commercial cleansers, are easily adsorbed to skin to often cause skin irritation and inflammation if not thoroughly rinsed nut. In order to replace or complement existing surfactants, we screened the existing surfactants through protein denaturation method, cell cytotoxicity assay and human IL-1$\alpha$ assay, etc. Fourteen surfactants have been chosen from among too irritant anionic, cationic and/or zwitter-ionic ones and investigated for cell cytotoxicity in human fibroblast cell lines using monolayer culture with the thirteen commercially available cleansers for sensitive skin. From these results, we selected 5 surfactants and 2 commercial cleansers (names not shown), such as sodium laureth sulfate (anionic), sodium cocoyl isethionate (anionic), sodium lauroamphoacetate (zwitter-ionic), and cocamidopropyl betaine (zwitter-ionic), alkyl polyglycoside (non-ionic). 20 formulations were made out of 5 surfactants and five of them were chosen through a protein denaturation method (lower than 3 M sodium dodecyl sulfate solution ($13.2\%$)), cell cytotoxicity and human patch test. These five selected formulations containing preservatives were compared to two selected commercial cleansers by cell cytotoxicity and human IL-1$\alpha$ ELISA assay using dermal equivalent. Finally, we selected the best formulation. To this formulation, fructan ($3\%$ or $5\%$) or/and portulaca extract ($3\%$ or $5\%$) well known for its anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects were added and investigated for cell cytotoxicity using dermal equivalent. In cytotoxicity assay using dermal equivalent, two formulations containing $5\%$ fructan and $3\%$ or $5\%$ portulaca extract were less toxic than the others. In cytotoxicity assay and human IL-1$\alpha$ ELISA using 3D culture, the selected formulation containing $5\%$ fructan and $5\%$ portulaca extract showed better efficiency than those of the others and 2 commercial cleansers. As a result, we could develop a low irritant and safe liquid cleanser.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.366-369
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• 2000

The soluble paclitaxel was found in the supernatant of the plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis, The percentage of soluble paclitaxel depends on paclitaxel concentration in bioreactor. As paclitaxel concentration decreases the percentage of soulbe paclitaxel increases. it is therefore important to develop a new process for the recovery of soluble paclitaxel. The use of hydrophobic resin HP20 gives nearly perfect recovery of paclitaxel in supernatant. The resin was more effective in treatment of th cell and debris free filtrate probably because of the reduced solids content In this case 3 g.l resin and 1 day reaction were enough for recovery the soluble paclitaxel in medium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2004

Several microorganisms (esterase-producing group) were isolated by the solid selective media containing-naphtylacetate. Among them, strain 366M-9 having a high activity of cephalosporin-C deacetylase (CAH; EC 3.1.1.41) was selected. The strain 366M-9 was identified as Bacillus sphaericus on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The production of CAH reached at maximum value after 32 hrs, when cultivated in the optimal medium containing dextrin 2.5%, peptone 2.5%, sodium chloride 0.5%, dipotassium phosphate 0.25%, ferrous sulfate 0.02%, and 7-ACA 0.1% at $30^{\circ}C$ with initial pH 6.0. The CAH was purified by 3 steps with ammonium sulfate precipitation, adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite column, and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by the analysis of SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Optimum temperature and pH for CAH activity were $50{\circ}C$ and around 7.0, respectively. And the enzyme was stable at pH 6.0～8.0, up to $50^{\circ}C$. The Michaelis-Menten constants ($K_{m}$ ), $V_{max}$ were 0.87 mM and 1.22 unit/ml, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2003

This study was conducted te evaluate the effect of organotin compounds on rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis), which is important as food organism of aqua-cultured fish and shellfish. To evaluate the texicities of tributyltin compounds such as tributyltin chloride (TBTC), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), tributyltin acetate (TBTA) and tributyltin benzoate (TBTB), and triphenyltin compounds such as triphenyltin chloride (TPTC), triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF), triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTB), the survival rates of rotifer exposed to these compounds were measured as the 96 hr-$LC_{50}$. Exposed concentrations Were from 0.5 to 8 bbp depending on compounds. Based on 96 hr-$LC_{50}$ Value, the Order of toxicity in TBTs was TBTA(1.1 ppb)>TBTC (2.0)>TBTB (3.3)>TBTO(5.6), and that in TPTs was TPTF (1.0)$\geq$TPTC(1.1)>TPTH(1.6). Triphenyltin compounds were slightly higher toxic than tributyltins. The toxicity is likely to depend on alkyl or aryl group other than halogen or the other substituted radicals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in habitat characteristics and rodent populations between before and after damaged tree removals at forest fired areas in coniferous forest, Samcheok, Gangwon Province, Korea. The understory coverage and the number of shrub stem were increased by forest succession. Number of snags and downed CWD (coarse woody debris) were decreased after damaged tree removals. Population density of Apodemus agrarius was increased after damaged tree removal. However, population density of total rodents, Apodemus peninsulae and Eothenomys regulus were decreased. Changes in habitat structures may be influenced in rodent species composition. Especially, that would be negative effect on forestdwelling rodents.