• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.446-453
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• 2004

In this paper, a new adaptive perceptual filter using variable threshold to enhance audio signals degraded by additively nonstationary noise is proposed. The adaptive perceptual filter updates variable threshold each time according to the power of signal and the effect of noise variation. So the noisy audio signal is enhanced by the method which controls a residual noise effectively. The proposed algorithm uses the perceptual filter which transforms a time domain signal into frequency domain and calculates an intensity energy and an excitation energy in bark domain. In this method. the stage updated the response of filter is decided by threshold. The proposed algorithm using vairable threshold effectively controls a residual noise using the energy difference of audio signals degraded by the additive nonstationary noise. The proposed method is tested with the noisy audio signals degraded by nonstationary noise at various signal -to-noise ratios (SNR). We carry out NMR and MOS test when the input SNR is 15dB. 20dB. 25dB and 30dB. An approximate improvement of 17.4dB. 15.3dB, 12.8dB. 9.8dB in NMR and enhancement of 2.9, 2.5, 2.3, 1.7 in MOS test is achieved with the input signals. respectively.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

As part of seismic experiments investigating crustal velocity structures of the Korean peninsula, permanent (fixed) seismographs of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) network recorded seismic signals from four and eight large explosions in Korean Crustal Research Team (KCRT) profiles shot in 2004 and 2008, respectively. Among the seismograms recorded by 43 velocity sensors and 103 accelerometers at KMA stations distributed throughout the southern Korean Peninsula, 156 records with epicentral distances less than 120 km and high signal-to-noise ratios were analyzed to determine velocity anisotropy of the Pg phase. Relative elevation corrections of -101.6 to 105.3 ms were made using velocity information derived from the 2004 KCRT profile data and differences in elevation between the permanent KMA stations and the temporary stations in the KCRT profiles at the same source-receiver offsets. To remove site effects, receiver-station corrections of -89.6 to 192.2 ms were additionally made to the KMA station data by subtracting the average differences in traveltimes between KMA stations and portable stations at the same offsets for all available shots with different azimuths. With the exception of anomalously fast velocities along trends of the Chugaryeong fault zone and the Okchon fold belt and anomalously slow velocities in the regions of high terrestrial heat near Yeongduk and Ulsan, the analysis of crustal velocity anisotropy using the Pg phase indicates overall isotropy in the southern half of the Korean peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2010

최근 CMOS 소자 크기가 축소됨에 따라 소스와 드레인 영역에서의 접촉저항을 줄이기 위하여, 실리사이드 공정이 많이 연구되고 있다. 실리사이드 물질로서 NiSi는 낮은 저항률과 낮은 실리콘 소모, 낮은 공정온도, 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나, 실리사이드 형성으로 인한 나노소자의 소오스/드레인에서정션(junction) 누설전류의 증가는 큰 문제가 되므로 실리콘과 실리사이드 계면의 특성이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 니켈을 이용한 실리사이드 형성시 계면 활성제인 에틸 요오드를 이용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 금속 유기 전구체인 MABONi을 사용하여 ALD 방식으로 증착 한 니켈 박막과 니켈 핵 형성시 계면활성제인 에틸요오드의 처리 방법에 따른 Ni-silicide 박막의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 먼저 자연산화막을 건식식각으로 제거한 뒤, 첫 번째 샘플에서는 10회의 주기로 초기 니켈을 증착한 뒤, 에틸요오드로 니켈의 표면 위를 처리하고, 다시 200회의 주기로 니켈을 증착하였으며, 두 번째는 첫 번째 방식에서 에틸요오드 주입 시 동시에 수소도 함께 주입하였다. 세 번째는 비교를 위해 에틸요오드 처리를 하지 않고 니켈 박막만을 증착 하였다. 이어서, 각 샘플을 급속 열처리 장비에서 $400^{\circ}C$부터 $900^{\circ}C$까지 각각 30sec간 열처리를 진행후, 반응하지 않은 잔여 니켈을 제거한 후, XRD(x-ray diffraction), AES(auger), 그리고 4-point probe 등을 이용하여 형성된 실리사이드의 특성을 분석하였다. 에틸요오드와 함께 수소를 주입한 경우 계면에서의 산소 불순물과 카본 성분이 효과적으로 제거되어 $400^{\circ}C$에서 $2.9{\Omega}/{\Box}$ 의 낮은 면저항을 가지는 NiSi가 형성되었고 모든 온도구간에서 다른 샘플에 비하여 가장 낮은 면저항 분포를 보였다. 이는 분해 흡착된 요오드에 의한 계면 특성 향상과 카본 성분이 포함된 잔여물들이 수소처리에 의해 효율적으로 제거되어 실리사이드의 특성이 향상되었기 때문이다. 계면활성제를 사용하지 않은 경우에는 $500^{\circ}C$에서 NiSi가 형성되었다. 반면에 에틸요오드로만 표면을 처리한 경우에는 니켈과 실리콘 계면에서의 카본 성분에 의하여 silicidation 이 충분히 일어나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 향후 45nm 이하의 CMOS 공정상에서 소스와 드레인의 낮은 누설전류를 가지고, 접촉저항을 줄이기 위한 니켈 실리사이드 형성에 큰 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.250-257
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• 1976

Defoliation effect of two soybean cultivars on the grain yield was studied under different planting densities planted at two different planting date. Leaf removal caused a linear decrease of grain yield with increased amounts of defoliation in the case of lower population densities, while in the case of higher population densities over 40 plants per sqare meter, the slight removal of lower leaves indicated increased grain yields by 13% to 35% compared with control depending on the cultivar and planting time. The pod number per plant was the most effective factor influencing grain yield. The grain weight and the percent of matured grain become more important components for higher yield with decreased population densities depending on cultivar.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.537-548
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• 2000

ATM is the effective information transmission method which multiply statistical and can accept effective the traffic of the various transmission rate. However, it can happen excessive cell loss probability and cell delay when it have temporarily overload. Therefore, it is required the effective traffic control and network resource management for which guarantee QoS(Quality of Service) in terms of users and bandwidth utilization maximization in terms of networks. In this paper, we proposed POBP(PushOut BP) scheme which mixed pushout scheme with BP(Back Pressure), reactive control scheme recommended at the ATM Forum, to guarantee QoS in two stages ATM switch networks. In proposed method, we have to understand exactly using bandwidth information in real-time and become traffic shaping. Thorough these processes, we can not only use effectively unused bandwidth, but also guarantee the fair bandwidth utilization and then can improve cell-loss possibility happened by congestion states in two stage ATM networks.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.289-293
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• 1988

Radiation therapy has been used as adjuvant therapy or primary treatment for inoperable, remnant or recurrent cancer. Many authors reported good palliation effect by external irradiation or interstitial therapy, but the report of intracavitary irradiation for recurrent, inoperable rectal cancer is very rare. We experienced a case of recurrent adenocarcinoma of rectum along fistula tract after laparotomy and postoperative radiotherapy who achieved very good palliation by intracavitary irradiation. Even though we have only good palliation without impressive survival improvement in this case, we hope that this technique may achieve good local control In other similar patients.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.34
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• pp.110-122
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• 2013

The Seven-story Stone Pagoda of Jeongamsa Temple consists of dolomitic limestone. The surface of the stone stupa is efflorescene. There are spaces between parts in the stereobate and part of roof at the fifth story and above. The space between parts is colonized by biological contaminants. There are breakaway parts in the third, fifth, sixth, seventh story. The dry and wet cleaning of all the biological contaminants, efflorescene. The steam cleaning of rest of efflorescene. The use of poultice with oxalic acid, were done to remove the rust. Breakaway parts are inosculated by L30 and Por-rok. Spaces between parts are waterproofing by Porrok. After treatment, the efflorescene of part of waterproofing are comparatively scarce. So waterproofing is effective at reduced efflorescene and waterproof.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.26-34
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a 4kbps speech coder that combines the harmonic vector excitation coding with time-separated transition coding. The harmonic vector excitation coding uses the harmonic excitation coding in the voiced frame and uses the vector excitation coding with the structure of analysis-by-synthesis in the unvoiced frame, respectively. But two mode coding method is not effective for transition frame mixed in voiced and unvoiced signal and a new method beyond using unvoiced/voiced mode coding is needed. Thus, we designed a time-separated transition coding method for transition frame in which a voiced/unvoiced decision algorithm separates unvoiced and voiced duration in a frame, and harmonic-harmonic excitation coding and vector-harmonic excitation coding method is selectively used depending on the previous frame U/V decision. In the decoder, the voiced excitation signals are generated efficiently through the inverse FFT of harmonic magnitudes and the unvoiced excitation signals are made by the inverse vector quantization. The reconstructed speech signal are synthesized by the Overlap/Add method.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2008

As the integration in semiconductor display develops, semiconductor process becomes multilayer. In order to form several layer patterns, etching process which uses photoresistor (PR) must be performed in multilayer process. Repeated etching processes which take long time and PR residue cause mortal problems in semiconductor. To overcome such problems, we studied about the solution which eliminates PR effectively by using normal dry and wet etching method using plasma activated PR strip solvent in liquid condition. At first, we simulate the device which activates the plasma and make sure whether gas flow in device is uniform or not. Under activated plasma, etching effect is elevated. This improvement reduces etching time as well as display production time of semiconductor process. Generally, increasing etching process increases environmental hazards. Reducing etching process can save the etchant and protect environment as well.

• 기술발표회
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• s.2006
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• pp.193-198
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• 2006

서울지하철 0호선 000 공구 000 정거장 구간은 버팀보 7단, 어스앵커 2단, 그리고 록볼트 3단의 개착식 가시설로 설계되어 있다. 버팀보 및 앵커 축력 계측을 위해 변형률계 및 하중계를 설치하고 연속계측 중, 4~6단 버팀보 수 개소에서 5월부터 하중이 급격히 증가하엿다. 따라서 굴착작업을 즉시 중단하고 관리기준치를 초과하는 하중이 계측된 STA.9k+750~800 구간의 5, 6단 버팀보 위치에 격간으로 총 20본(10본${\times}$2단), 그리고 STA.9k+900~920 구간의 7단 버팀보 위치에 격간으로 총 9본(9본${\times}$1단)의 버팀보를 추가적으로 설치 완료하였다. 이 때, 추가 버팀보는 선행하중잭을 이용하여 10ton의 선행하중을 재하하였으며, 향후 추가 보강 필요시 재하하중 증가가 가능하도록 조치하였다. 또한, 추가 설치된 버팀보, 그리고 이상하중이 발생된 버팀보에 계측기를 추가 설치하여 지속적으로 계측중이며, 띠장의 변위발생 구간은 스티프너 및 앵글 등을 응급조치하였다. 본 사례 연구에서는 보강 전.후의 계측결과 및 수치해석적 분석을 이용하여 가시설 굴착시 버팀보의 하중증가 원인 및 보강 효과를 규명하고, 향후 추가 굴착시의 안정성 여부를 검토해 보고자 하였다. 계측값 분석 결과, 추가버팀보 보강 후의 기존버팀보 축력 계측 결과 보강 직후 기존버팀보의 축력이 어느정도 감소하였으며, 이후 시간이 지남에 따라 축력이 더 이상 증가하지 않고 일정한 값에 수렴하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 수치해석 결과 온도 증가가 버팀보 축력증가에 미치는 영향은 버팀보 위치의 지반강성이 클수록 크며, 축력증가는 온도증가에 대체적으로 비례하였고, 추가버팀보의 보강 효과는 선행하중의 크기에 비례하는 것으로 나타났으며, 잔여굴착은 전반적으로 기존 버팀보의 축력 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 추가굴착시 지속적인 계측을 수행하며, 급격한 축력증가가 관찰될 경우 현재 보강된 버팀보의 선행하중 추가 재하, 굴착에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 최하단 버팀보의 추가보강 등의 대책방안을 제시하였다.