• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

Purpose: In general, We discharged radioactive wastewater and sewages less than $8.1{\times}10^{-13}$ Ci/ml in a exclusive water-purifier tank. Our hospital operating three exclusive water-purifier tank for radioactive wastewater and sewages of 60 tons capacity respectively. In order to meet the criteria it need a enough decay more than 125 days per each exclusive tank. However, recently we fell into the serious situation that decay period was decreased remarkably, owing to the wastewater amount increased rapidly by enlarge the therapy ward. For that reason, in this article, I'd like to say the way that reducing of radioactive wastewater and sewages rationally. Materials and Methods: From January, 2006 to October, four hundred and two cases were analyzed. They were all hospitalized during 3 days and 2 nights. We calculated the average amount of water used (include toilet water used, shower water used, washstand water used, $\cdots$), each exclusive water-purifier tank's decay period, as well as try to search the increased factors about water-purifier tank inflow flux by re-analysis of the procedure of radioisotope therapy step by step. Results: We could increase each exclusive water-purifier tank's decay period from 84 days to 130 days through the improvement about following cause: (1) Improvement of conventional toilet stool for excessive water waste $\rightarrow$ Replacement of water saving style toilet stool (2) Prevention of unnecessary shower and wash (3) Stop the diuretics taking during hospitalization (4) Analysis of relationship between water intakes and residual dose of body (5) Education about outside toilet utilization before the administration (6) Changed each water-purifier tank's maximum level from85% to 90% Conclusion: The originality of our efforts are not only software but hardware performance improvements. Incidentally the side of software's are change of therapy procedures and protocols, the side of hardware's are replacement of water saving style toilet stool and change of each water-purifier tank's maximum level. Thus even if a long lapse of time, problem such as return to the former conditions may not happen. Besides, We expect that our trials become a new reasonable model in similar situation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted in the field to investigate the effects of mulched condition on nutrient's mineralization and its mobility as affected by environmental changes (soil moisture and soil temperature) in the plow layer. 1. Nitrogen mineralization was faster owing to the prevention of evaporation and the increase of soil temperature in the poly ethylene mulched plot. As a result, nitrate form of nitrogen was much earlier available for plant in mulched plot than in non mulched plot. 2. Available $P_2O_5$ content in the plow layer was kept highest in the fertilized zone (10-20 cm depth) regardless of difference between mulched and non mulched condition, and was nearly constant without showing difference between planting and non planting of tobacco due to the lower availability of phosphorus by tobacco. 3. Potassium applied in the plow layer was remained a large quantity until the latter growth stage resulting in the lower recovery of potassium by tobacco. 4. Mineralized nutrients such as $NH_4-N$, $NO_3-N$, and K in the plow layer of mulched plot were transported from the fertilized layer (10-20 cm depth) and accumulated to the surface layer (0-10 cm depth) as the growing time goes by, but those in non mulched plot were distributed to the deeper layer. 5. Mobility of available nutrients in the plow layer was If order as $NO_3-N$ $$\geq_-$$ $NH_4-N$ > K > available $P_2O_5$. 6. Leaching degree of mineralized nutrients in the mulched plot was much lower than in the non mulched plot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2003

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of addition of perilla leaf powder (PLP) and carcass grade on the quality and palatability of pork sausage. The chemical composition, pH, calorie, water holding capacity, surface color, textural properties and amino acid composition of the samples were determined, and sensory characteristics were evaluated. Moisture and crude ash were not different among sausage of four type. Crude fat of grade B sausage was higher than that of grade E sausage, and grade B sausage added PLP was higher than grade B sausage without PLP. Crude Protein of grade E sausage was higher than that of grade B sausage. The pH of grade E sausage added PLP was highest, and calorie of grade B sausage without PLP was highest among sausage of four type. Water holding capacity of grade B added and free PLP was significantly higher than grade I sausage. The residual nitrite of sausage added PLP was significantly lower than sausage without PLP. In case of Hunter's $L^{*}$, grade B sausage and free PLP sausage were significantly higher than grade E sausage and sausage added PLP, respectively. In case of Hunter' $a^{*}$, grade E sausage and free PLP sausage were significantly higher than grade B sausage and sausage added PLP. Hunter's $b^{*}$ of sausage added PLP was higher than that of free PLP sausage. Textural properties, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness were significantly different among sausage of four type, but gumminess of grade E added PLP was lowest among sausage of four type. Total amino acid was not significantly different among sausage of four type. Sensory color and texture of grade B sausage were superior to grade I sausage, palatability of free PLP sausage was superior.sage was superior.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: This study carried out to fate of pesticide and investigate worker exposure of pesticide in air after applying granular type pesticide formulation on soil in greenhouse for preventing farmer's pesticide intoxication. METHODS AND RESULTS: The recovery of pesticide, cadusafos, ethoprophos and probenazole on absorbent in air were ranged 80.9~121.1% in charcoal and 90.6~99.0% in XAD-4, respectively. Emission rate of in lysimeter was higher 3~5 times than that of pesticides from topsoil not added water at $35^{\circ}C$ plot after applying a mixture of granular formulation and soil. The ethoprophos concentration in air, 50 cm high from soil surface at greenhouse, was reached the highest 186.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ within 13 hours and were ranged 17.8~186.4 ${\mu}g/m^3$ during 46 hours after applying granular formulation at dose rate 150 g a.i./245 $m^2$. The cadusafos concentration in air at greenhouse was reached the highest 37.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ within 39 hours and were ranged 10.0~37.3 ${\mu}g/m^3$ during 46 hours after applying granular formulation at dose rate 180 g a.i./245 $m^2$. The probenazole concentration in air at greenhouse was reached the highest 1.45 ${\mu}g/m^3$ within 37 hours and were ranged 0.23~1.45 ${\mu}g/m^3$ during 46 hours after applying granular formulation at dose rate 144 g a.i./245 $m^2$. CONCLUSION(s): The result of the reentry interval study demonstrated that reentry intervals for ethoprophos and cadusafos are longer than 48 hours.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5628-5636
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• 2012

Effective drying method of sewage sludge is researched in this study. To dry the sludge, chain crusher flash dryer was adopted to remove moisture content in the cell which is mostly responsible for the sludge moisture content. And Pilot plant experiment was conducted in real life sewage treatment plant to study effect and characteristics of operating conditions. Operating variables include sludge feeding rate, rotational speed of chain, process temperature and feed moisture content. As rotational speed of chain increased, product yield of sludge increased, and the performance of the testing system increased. And, as process temperature increased, the sludge drying efficiency increased. It is found that optimum feed moisture content is at 60% which shows the maximum sludge product yield and about 10 moisture content(%) of sludge product. Sludge feed rate showed optimal value, and when the sludge feed rate is exceeded, sludge product yield did not increased but the amount of residue increased. Pilot plant experiment results are as follow. The optimal condition for the rotational speed of chain 1600rpm(max. speed), final sludge discharge temperature $80^{\circ}C$, feed moisture content 60%, and feed rate 60kg/h. When the plant was operated at the optimal conditions, the final product showed fairly good results such as sludge product yield 85.5%, moisture content 11.0% and sludge drying efficiency 81.7%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 1981

A tunnel system of mushroom cultivation was designed to compare with the conventional cultivation method in Korea. The bed and air temperature during the phase II the tunnel system was more stably controlled than in the conventional house. The indipensable energy was much saved in the tunnel system than in the conventional method, as this system did not require additional heat supply in the phase II. Compost fermented in the tunnel was proved to contain higher total nitrogen and moisture than compost in the conventional house. Residual ammonia content of compost fermented in the tunnel did not exceed 300ppm. Mushlroom mycelial growth in the tunnel was as good as in conventional house. The tunnel system did not require additional heat supply during mycelial growth period. Mushroom yield and quality from the tunnel system was 5 per cent higher and better than that of the conventional method.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

For the determination of chlorine in uranium compound, analytical methods by using a steam distillation and a pyrohydrolysis have been developed. The steam distillation apparatus was composed of steam generator, distilling flask and condenser etc. The samples were prepared with an aliquot of LiCl standard solution and a simulated spent nuclear fuel. A sample aliquot was mixed with a solution containing 0.2 M ferrous ammonium sulfate-0.5 M sulfamic acid 3 mL, phosphoric acid 6 mL and sulfuric acid 15 mL. The chloride was then distilled by steam at the temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ until a volume of $90{\pm}5\;mL$ is collected. The pyrohydrolysis equipment was composed of air introduction system, water supply, quartz reaction tube, combustion tube furnace, combustion boat and absorption vessel. The chloride was separated from powdered sample which is added with $U_3O_8$ accelerator, by pyrohydrolysis at the temperature of $950^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in a quartz tube with a stream of air of 1 mL/min supplied from the water reservoir at $80^{\circ}C$. The chlorides collected in each absorption solution by two methods was diluted to 100 mL and measured with ion chromatography to determine the recovery yield. For the ion chromatographic determination of chlorine in molten salt retained in a metal ingot, the chlorine was separated by means of pyrohydrolysis after air and dry oxidation, and grinding for the sample.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1825-1832
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• 2000

Column experiments were conducted by using soil columns, to investigate feasibility and efficiency of in-situ ozone enhanced remediation for diesel-contaminated soil. The injection of gaseous ozone into soil column revealed the enhanced decomposition of ozone due to the catalytic reaction between ozone and metal (e.g., Fe, Mn etc.) oxides as evidenced by as much as 25 times shorter half-life of ozone in a sand packed column than in a glass beads packed column. Substantial retardation in the transport of and the consumption of ozone were observed in the diesel contaminated field soil and sand packed columns. After 16 hrs ozonation, 80% of the initial mass of diesel (as diesel range organic) concentration of $800{\pm}50mg/kg$, was removed under the conditions of the flow rate of 50mL/min and $6mg-O_3/min$. Whereas, less than 30% of diesel was removed in the case of air injection. Analysis of the residual TPH(total petroleum hydrocarbon) and selected 8 aliphatics of diesel compounds in the inlet and the outlet of the column confirmed that diesel nonselectively reacted with ozone and then shifted to lower carbon numbered molecules. Water content also was found to be an important parameter in employing ozone to the hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.591-598
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to screen desirable yeast strains for alcoholic fermentation of tomato paste without sugar addition. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and soluble nitrogen contents of the tomato paste ($25^{\circ}Brix$) were found to be 67.33%, 1.90%, 0.03%, 0.02%, and 30.72%, respectively. Free sugars found in the paste were fructose and glucose. Most abundant free amino acids of the paste were glutamic, aspartic, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acids. Total seven yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae KDH (TWA), S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 (TWB), S. cerevisiae Lalvin RC-212 (TWC), S. cerevisiae Lalvin K1-V1116 (TWD), S. bayanus Lalvin EC-1118 (TWE), S. cerevisiae Enoferm (TWF), and S. cerevisiae DJ97(KCTC8842P) (TWG)) were tasted for alcohol fermentation of the tomato paste. The highest alcohol content (8.2%) and the lowest residual sugar content ($13.25^{\circ}Brix$) were observed in the tomato paste fermented using the S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 strain (TWB) after 3 day and 4 day of fermentation, respectively. Sugar and reducing sugar contents, and pH of the tomato paste were not remarkably affected by the difference in yeast strains used, showing $13.25{\sim}13.45^{\circ}Brix$, 28.37~28.48 mg/mL, and 4.43~4.54, respectively, after 4 day of fermentation. Color and total acid content were significantly affected by the types of yeast strains and fermentation time, but the numerical changes were negligible. These results indicate that TWB would be the suitable strain for alcoholic fermentatiom of tomato paste based on its highest alcohol production and the lowest residual sugar content produced during fermentation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 1986

To obtain informations on the development of the combined granular pesticides for the simultaneous control of rice insect pests and diseases which often occur at the same time or in overlapping experiments were carried out on twelve mixture pesticides of granular type formulated by extrusion method with two fungicides and three insecticides. Each of 12 mixtures was tested for physico-chemical properties and efficacy against to rice leaf blast and brown planthoppers under the laboratory conditions. All of the mixture pesticides showed acceptable physico chemical properties as granular formulation. Most of the compounds in mixture pesticides showed a tendency to have lower stabilities than those of pesticide alone, therefore, it was necessary to add stabilizer in formulation process. Isoprothiolane combinations were found very effective against leaf blast but their control effects were similar to that of isoprothiolane alone due to its high efficacy, while probenazole-carbofuran combinations showed synergistic effects for the control of leaf blast. All of the combinations showed synergistic effects to brown planthoppers. But fenthion and 3% propoxur combinations resulted comparatively low efficacies. In the consideration of their physico-chemical properties and efficacies to rice pests, carbofuran and 6% propoxur combinations were promising combined granular pesticides for the simultaneous control of leaf blast and brown planthoppers, while fenthion and 3% propoxur combinations were not available because of their low efficacies for brown planthoppers.