• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1990

Weed species investigated along the waterway of Kyungnam and Kyungpook provinces on September, 1989 were 88 species in 33 families and 96 species in 33 families, respectively. Three weed community types were observed along the waterway of Kyungnam province, namely, Echiuochoa cars-galli, Persicaria hydropiper and Persicaria thunbergii, and five community types such as Humulus japonicus-bideus froudosa, Solanum nigrum, Persicaria thunbergii-Humulus japonicus, Humulus japonicus and Persicaria thunbergii were detected along the waterway of Kyungpook province. The most dominant weed species indentified along the waterways in both Kyungnam and Kyungpook provinces were Pensicaria tlrutrheagii and Persicaria hydropiper which are the aquatic weed species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.723-734
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the change in vegetation for 10 years after the construction, targeting Suwoncheon, the first domestic ecological stream construction project. As for the section for the study, the section from Gyeonggi bridge to Youngyeon bridge, the first restoration project section, was targeted. The research districts consisted of 3 districts depending on topographical structure. Investigation check cosisted of cross-sectional topographical structure, vegetation status and the structure of herbaceous plant community. As for the cross-sectional topographical structure of the stream, the width of entire stream was 26.5~28.0m and water channel is 10~20m. The area for hydrophilic space was securing spacious riverside. Upper stream of reservoir beam was shallow and slow in reservoir area above weir. Lower stream of reservoir beam, the width of water channel was narrow and ripples were formed. Among species, 9 plants were planted and 6 species plants including Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zoysia japonica were planted at the time of construction. In the water side, there were 2 species, such as Zoysia japonica and Trifolium repens, etc, still remained after seeding at the time of constrcution. The planted plants which were observed through this investigation, were 2 species such as Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata. Apart from the planted plants, arid climate herbaceous plant such as Setaria viridis and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis formed power and the naturalized species variously emerged in 15 species. For revetment, natural stone stacking method was condicted and Salix gracilistyla, Aceriphyllum rossii, etc were planted. But all the planted plants disappeared and now it was covered with Equisetum arvense and Humulus japonicus. It was because that the base for growth and development of the plants was not constructed at the time of restoration in a way of attaching natural stones onto the concrete base. In the water channel, various wetland species including Typha orientalis, Acorus calamus var. angustatus and Phragmites communis, etc, were planted but only Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zizania latifolia remained. As for species of the autochthons, Persicaria thunbergii was dominant. In the lower stream of reservoir beam, Humulus japonicus formed forces. In the hydrophilic space, it was necessary to direct the landscape of in-stream vegetation in cosideration of users. For this, planting Miscanthus sacchariflorus in a community was proposed. In the upper stream of reservoir beam, suplementary screen seeding was necessary so that Zizania latifolia, Typha orientalis and Phragmites communis can fit the depth of water. In the Lower stream of reservoir beam, it was necessary to constantly manage Humulus japonicus so that the wetland autochthons species, such as Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii can establish power more stably.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2011

Wingstem, Verbesina alternifolia of North America origin, was introduced in 1981 into the Korea terrestrial ecosystem. It scattered in a number of places with limited population size in most cases. Its population has spread into the forest at the Chiaksan National Park and occupied the natural vegetation. Distributions of wingstem were the most popular along the 12 road sites, especially in Route 453, Seohwa-myeon, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do and in Route 31, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do with 60% coverage of wingstem. It was also distributed in the 5 forest sites and 5 riversides. Despite of its attractive yellow flower, it is recommended to limit cultivation in the nature reserve or other ecosystem of conservation value.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2002

This study showed the current plantation of woody landscape plants of 42 school gardens in Daejeon metropolitan city. The ratio between evergreen tree and deciduous tree was 67% to 33%. The ratio between evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub was 48% to 52%. Also, 161 kinds of woody species were found; evergreen tree was 21 species, deciduous tree was 67 species, evergreen shrub was 16 species, deciduous shrub was 44 species, and vine and the others were 13 species. The proportion of native woody species was 61% (98 out of 161 species). 110 species were planted at the front garden area. In the mid-garden, 77 kinds of woody species were found. In the side garden, 95 kinds of woody species were found. In the rear garden, 92 kinds of woody species were found. The surrounding of play ground and outer area were planted 82 species. The first ranked evergreen tree was Juniperus chinensis‘Kaizuka’. And Deciduous tree, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and vine showed Gingko biloba, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Hibiscus syriacus, Wisteria floribunda, respectively. The school symbol of tree and flower was planted in 41 schools. The first rank plants of school symbol tree and flower were Pinus densiflora, Forsythia koreana and Rosa spp. Plant nameplate was found at 22 schools. The plant nameplate was used for 1∼10 species at 17 schools. In conclusion, plantation of landscape trees should be considered characteristic of each school area. In addition, school landscape should be planned distinction of a elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a school for handicapped. School landscape should be considered carefully from functional, natural, educational environment and maintenance viewpoints as well as urban forest networking.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.213-230
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• 1996

A study of occurrence and distribution of cellular slime molds(CSMs) in forest soils of central areas of Korea was carried out. Samples for CSMs isolation were collected from 4 study sites; Mt.Kyeryong, Mt. Taebaek, Mt. Sobaek and Mt. Sokri. In Mt. Kyeryong, six species were found. These were Dictyostelium fasciculatum, D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. minutum, D. brefeldianum and Polysphondylium pallidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 0.75, and average density(clones /g soil) was 292. The results of soil sample analyses were that the concentration of Pb was higher than any other areas. In Mt. Taebaek, seven species were found; D. fasciculatum, D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. miuutum, P.pallidum. P. violaceum, P. candidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 2.3,and average density was 1,108. Based on importance values calculated from study sites within each of three elevation ranges, several of the more widely distributed and abundant species have distribution patterns that show a response to elevation. In Mt. Sobaek, eleven species were found. These were D. fasciculatum. D.firmibasis, D. mucoroides, D. miuutum, D. brefeldianum, D. crassicaule,D. deminutivum, D. implicatum, P. pallidum. P. violaceum and P. candidum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 3, and average density was 793. Species diversity appeared to be the highest in this area. In Mt. Sokri, six species were found. These were D. fasciculatum. D. mucoroides, D. minutum, D. purpureum, P. pallidum. and P. violaceum. The average number of species isolated at one site was 2.4 and average density was 858. It was noticeable that D.purpureum were much more comrnonly found in this pinus evergreen forest. Key words: Cellular slime molds(CSMs), Importance value, Elevation, Average number of species, Average density.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out how different types of land use around green belts affect temperature decrease effects. For this, temperatures within and outside of green belts were measured. Based on the collected data, the study analyzed the land cover status and temperatures within green belts, temperature decrease effects and the range of effects around green belts, and the correlation between trees and temperature decrease effects by way of regression analysis. As a result, areas of the high temperature within green belts were formed on paved surfaces, whereas areas of low temperature were formed around forests or water surfaces. In addition, deviation was bigger in the highest temperature than the lowest one for areas of Leeward around green belts, but in general, there was a tendency that temperature became low near to green belts. As for the relation between land cover rate and temperature, what was effective to temperature decrease included forests, pasture and water surfaces. On the other hand, the effects of temperature decrease varied depending on increase or decrease of land cover rates. As for the influence of the different land use types around green belts on temperature decrease effects, the Shakuzi Park showed relatively stronger effects than the Ageomaruyama Park.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-42
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• 1995

The investigation was made on the relationship among vegetation, net productivity, regrowth and soils of Moonheri-Wasoori, Soodowon-Sungilkyo and Mt. Kumhak grasslands in Chulwon area. The following conclusions have been made as the results of this study. The vascular flora of the grassland in Moonheri-Wasoori was composed of 102 species, the most of which were Medicago denticulata, Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Festuca ovina and Cassia nomame. The flora of Soodowon-Sungilkyn grassland was composed of 74 species, the most of which were Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus sinensis, Carex nanella, Festuca ovina and Cassia nomame. It of Mt. Kumfiak grassland was composed of 78 species, the most of which were Arundinella hirta, Carex nanella, Festuca ovina, Miscanthus sinensis and Aster scaber. These five species contributed greatly to the standing crop of live material which was in excess of 60% of it. The peak standing crop of each 413.7, 307.6 and $348.7g /m^2$ in Moonheri-Wasoori, Soo- dowon-Sungilkyn and Mt. Kuruhak grasslands wars reached in August under flooded conditions as a result of the growth of dominant species, Medicago denticulata and Arundinella hirta. The net prodution of organic matter was slight in some intervals but occurred throughout the growing season After cutting of grasses, the regrowth of new leaves mainly depended on growing stage and edaphic factors. Characteristics of the natural grassland soils, especially, concerning water, total nitrogen, avail-able phosphorus and exchangeable calcium were clarified and might be depend upon the quantity of plant production. Nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium concentration of leaves of Medicago denticulata, Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis were higher than of stems. Even if diem we diffurmem in the a-mb of nutrients among Medicago denticulata hirta and Miacanthus sinensis for single species and stands. they were covered by variations within species in the present survey. Key words: Competition, Production, Productivity, Regrowth, Soil Properties, Vascular Flora.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2005

Fifteen PGPF (plant growth promoting fungi) isolates were selected from 728 fungal isolates collected from rhizosphere of zoysiagrass in Korea. Identification of the 15 isolates was based on their morphological characteristics. They were classified as Gliocladium sp. (n=1), Penicillium sp. (n=5), Trichoderma sp. (n=3), Fusarium sp. (n=3), and unidentifed species (n=3). Of the 15 isolates, six (PF-31, PF-136, PF-238, PF-255, PF-395, PF-420) significantly promoted the growth of tomato seedlings, and three (PF-31, PF-101, PF-255) also promoted the growth of hot pepper and two (PF-31, PF-225) also promoted the growth of cucumber, The 15 PGPF isolates were divided into 4 groups based on root colonizing ability. Isolates PF-17, PF-101 and PF-225 were included in the group 1, which had high root colonizing ability.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and growth rate of evergreen ground cover plants ; Vinca minor K , Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f nanus hort , and Hedera helix.. The results were as follows : 1.It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and transplant Vinca minor seed-ling. The most proper density of transplanting Vinea was 180 plants per 1m$^2$. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90% The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15~23˚C). The seedling length of Parthenocissus quinguefohlia were irregular and ranged from 5 cm of 200cm. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon j. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. , and V Vilica minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor K., Ajuga reptans L. , Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7~8˚C. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator to -16˚C after field acclimatization. 4.Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the soil freezing depth and pattern with freezing measuring instruments during 1988-l989 winter season in Kangwon province. Freezing measuring instrument was made with acrylic pipes which were consisted of inner and outer parts. Inner pipe was filled with 0.01 % methylene blue solution and rubber hose to protect pipe breakdown by solution freezing. Freezing measurements were carried out by observing discoloration of methylene blue solution. Moisture content of evergreen trees and ground cover plants was also examined in the winter season. The observed results are as follows: 1.In the land of I OOM above sea level, soil freezing depth became deeper as the sum of Accumulated degree-days of temperature below 0˚C(0˚C . day) increased: Soil freezing depth was 30-40cm at l00˚C, 42-43cm at 150˚C, and 47cm at 200˚C day 2.Soil freezing with vinyl mulching was less developed by l3cm at l00˚C with sum of subzero temperature, by l7cm at 200˚C than that of the bare ground. Soil of rich hulls mulching with 4Ocm was not frozen until soil freezing at the bare ground was developed to 25cm depth. 3.Cashmeron mulching was more effective than felt mulching in the heat insulation of soil. 4.Thawing of soil was done from the lowest part of the frozen in the ground to upward in the beginning and after that it was done from the surface of frozen soil to downward. Finally thawing was completed at the middle of frozen soil.