• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 2013

Behavioral problems could be easily observed in patients with various mental disorders, and may be inevitable. Self-injurious behavior(SIB) can be defined as a deliberate or subconscious alteration or destruction of one's body without conscious suicidal intent. SIB frequently involves oral tissues and could vary from a trifling injury to damages that could lead to further disabilities. The cases presented in this report discuss oral SIB due to Tic disorder and ADHD and their treatments. Clinicians should be well aware of the possibility of oral SIB in various mental disorders as well as the diverse depths of such behaviors accordingly. Moreover, different treatment modalities should be prioritized according to the causative mental disorders.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) has been defined as the deliberate destruction or alteration of body tissue without conscious suicidal intent. It occurs in conjunction with a variety of psychiatric disorders as well as various developmental disabilities and some syndromes. The behavior is destructive and causes concern and distress to all involved in the care and treatment of the affected individual. A 13-year-old girl with autism, mental retardation and delayed development was reffered from her pediatrician because of severe and painful lower lip biting. An intraoral examination revealed a diffuse swelling of lower lip. It was covered with necrotic slough and the ulcer and scarring of the lower lip was observed. We chose to use an oral removable prosthesis for Conservative treatment. It was decided to use a soft silicone mouthguard in the maxillary arch. Initially, she could not tolerate the appliance inside her mouth but soon adapted with the appliance. After one month, she lost the mouth guard and started lip biting. So we made mouth guard again. There are no standard methods for preventing self-injurious behavior in a patient who is developmentally disabled. Appropriate preventive methods must be developed for each individual patient based on close observation and clinical findings. Behavior modification techniques, pharmacological treatment, extraction of teeth, orthognathic surgery and intra/extra oral appliances can be performed for adjust self-injurious behavior. A suitable oral guard could be tried initially before employing more invasive approaches.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.7-24
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• 2021

Objective : This study examined the characteristics of the literature involving a single-subject research design among positive behavior support intervention studies to improve problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and assess the quality level. Methods : This is a literature study, and the targets of analysis were nine single-subject research papers published between 2011 and 2020. The subject papers were analyzed by dividing them into general characteristics and the qualitative levels according to the content of the research method. Results : Analysis of analyzing the contents of the study showed that the subjects were preschool and elementary school-age children at the same ratio. Furthermore, the study design involved mostly the middle and multiple baseline designs among the behaviors. All papers presented social validity, intervention fidelity, and observer reliability. Problem behaviors included self-injury and aggression behaviors, disturbing behaviors, and seat break-away behaviors, while the most dependent variables were measured through partial interval recording. As a result of confirming the intervention effect, the effect was confirmed in intervention, maintenance, and generalization. All analysis studies showed high-quality levels. Conclusion : This study confirmed the content and qualitative level of the thesis that applied the single-subject research design among positive behavior support intervention studies for problem behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders. Positive behavior support intervention, an evidence-based intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders, was confirmed an effective intervention for autism spectrum disorders.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-99
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• 2023

The current study aimed to explore the suicidal behaviors and risk factors of completed suicides using psychological autopsy and use them as index variables to classify suicidal types. In addition, this study looked into the influential factors that affect each suicidal type. related to suicidal behaviors and suicidal risk factors by psychological autopsy. In addiction, the distinctions among the classes were analyzed. For this, psychological autopsies were conducted on the families and the close ones of 128 completed suicides. Then, the index variables were finally chosen for classifying suicidal types. The selected index variables for suicidal risk factors were mental disorders, suicide/self-harm, significant changes in physical appearance, marital conflict, adjustment and relationship issues at work/school, unemployment/layoff, jobless status and serious financial problems. The selected index variables for suicidal behaviors were expressing their suicidal attempts, writing suicidal notes, asking for help, the time/place/method of suicidal behavior, past suicidal/self-harm experience and the first person who witnessed the suicide. The Latent Class Analysis(LCA) and the 3-step method were used for classifying suicidal types. Then external variables(financial changes, cohabitation, existence of stressors, changes in stress level or relationships and family members with mental disorder/alchohol problems/ physical disorders, and work/school stisfaction) were applied for distinguishing classes. As a result, 5 classes(financial problems, adjustment problems, complex problems, psychiatric problems, and response to event[s]) were revealed on suicidal behaviors and 3 classes(residence- suicidal attempt- found by family, nonresidence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by acquaintances, residence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by family) were presented on suicidal risk factors. External variables such as gender, marital status, cohabitation, changes in relationships significantly differentiated among the 3 classes. Especially, class 3(residence- nonsuicidal attempt- found by family) tended to cohabit with others, were married, and had a significantly high level of interpersonal conflicts. When comparing the 5 classes of suicidal risk factors, auxiliary variables such as economic changes, cohabitation, stress, relationship changes, and family-related problems, and school/work satisfaction significantly differentiated the 5 classes. Especially class 3 (complex problems) experienced comparatively less family-related problems, but showed an aggravating level of personal stress. Suicial prevention strategies should be provided considering the characteristics of each class and the influential factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mindfulness-based Emotion Management Training for adolescents immersed in self-harm behaviors. Methods: The participants were 61 middle school students located in Seoul. Thirty students were assigned to the Mindfulness-based Emotion Management Training (M-EMT) group and the other 31 students were assigned to the waitlist group. The students in the M-EMT group participated in a total of 12 sessions, twice a week, for 6 weeks. The modules of the program comprised of mindfulness for emotion, mindfulness for behavior/impulse, mindfulness for thought, and coping with self-harming behavior. The Distress Tolerance Scale, Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Scale Suicidal Ideation were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Compared to the waitlist group, the intervention group exhibited a statistically significant improvement in distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation and a statistically significant reduction in self-harming behaviors and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that mindfulness-based emotional management training has a positive effect on reducing self-harming behaviors and enhancing distress tolerance and cognitive emotional regulation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 2003

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a clinically recognizable multiple congenital anomaly and mental retardation syndrome caused by an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 p11.2. Physical features include short stature, characteristic facial appearance: flattened mid-face, down-turned mouth, prominent and often rosy cheeks; prominent jaw in older children and adults, chronic ear infections, hearing impairment, eye problems, including: strabismus (an eye which turns in or out) and myopia (nearsightedness), hoarse voice, short fingers and toes, heart defects or murmurs, problems related to the urinary system, scoliosis (curvature of the spine), an unusual gait (walking pattern), and decreased sensitivity to pain. Behavioral and developmental characteristics include speech delay and articulation problems, developmental delay, learning disability, mental retardation, hyperactivity, self-injury, including: head banging; hand biting; picking at skin, sores and nails; pulling off finger- and toenails; inserting foreign objects into ears, nose, or other body orifices, explosive outbursts, prolonged tantrums, destructive and aggressive behavior, excitability, arm hugging or hand squeezing when excited. This report is the case of a Korean 3-year-3-month old male with Smith-Magenis syndrome referred from local clinic for the treatment of dental caries. The patient was treated by physical restraint after prophylatic administration of antibiotic(Amoxacillin 50mg/kg).

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-84
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• 2010

The goals of the study were to examine if and how exposure to suicidal factors in social relationships affects suicidal ideation and behaviors and also analyze how family factors are associated with suicidal ideation and behavior. Data drawn from Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) collected in 2009 were analyzed. The findings show that exposure to the suicidal factors have statistically significant effects on suicidal ideation and behaviors. In the findings, respondents who have experiences of which socially close persons have suicidal ideation or completed suicide are more likely to have suicidal ideation and suicidal plan even in the models for which demographic factors and depressive symptoms are controlled. Also, family factors have significant effects on suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors. Family stress increases suicidal ideation and behaviors whereas expectation on family support reduces the likelihood of having suicidal ideation and behaviors. This study shows that there might be possibility of behavioral contagion in terms of suicide through social connections and family has both positive and negative aspects on suicidal ideation and behaviors. Our study suggests policy implications for people who were exposure to suicide.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2022

This text is an attempt to understand the psychological meaning of panic attacks occurring in the young people in their early twenties who play music. A panic attack is a type of anxiety neurosis known to occur primarily in their twenties and is characterized by extreme fear and terror accompanied by various symptoms in the autonomic nervous system. Situations with occurring panic attacks were examined in three cases combined with panic attacks and mood swings, suicidal ideation, and self-mutilating behaviors, and the psychological meaning of panic attacks was reviewed for each case. In the first case, panic attacks make one think or reflect with consciousness for someone who wants to remain unconscious. In the second case, for one who hesitates to move forward in life and finds oneself in conflict, panic attacks open the inner mind and allow one to come in touch with one's deeper mind, thereby opening possibilities to transcend the conflict. In the third case, one experience the instinct and impulse of desiring to realize the unconsciousness as panic attacks and thereafter consciously realize the impulse as well. Their panic attacks, which all seem to have different meanings, are likely a powerful approach of the unconsciousness to urge a renewal from the consciousness level of the youth period.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2018

Objectives : Depression is a common mental illness and a major cause of suicide. Although serum lipids have been associated with depression and suicide, there has been much debate. In this study, we investigated the relationship between depression, suicide, and serum lipids in patients admitted with depressed mood. Methods : A total of 134 subjects were divided into 86 non-suicide patients and 48 suicide attempters. The serum lipid levels and sub-scores of the Korean Symptom Checklist-95 (KSCL95) were compared. We also investigated the relationship between serum lipids and sub-scores of KSCL95 and investigated whether serum lipids were risk factors for suicide attempts. Results : There was no difference in serum lipids between the two groups. Among the sub-items of KSCL95, obsession was higher in non-suicide group. Triglyceride showed positive correlations with anxiety, phobic anxiety, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, and self-regulation problem. High triglyceride was a risk factor for suicide attempts. Conclusions : Triglyceride is associated with depression, anxiety, and self - regulation, and high serum triglyceride levels may be a risk factor for suicide attempts.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid disorders and associated symptoms in pervasive developmental disorder(PDD) and to examine the correlation between associated symptoms and developmental characteristics in PDD children. Method：The sample consisted of 209 cases of PDD and 143 cases of developmental language disorder(DLD)(control group) who were treated at the Seoul National Mental Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 1999. The diagnostic work based on DSM-IV criteria was performed by one or two child psychiatrists, while the clinical feature was evaluated by doctors’s notes, occupational/speech therapy reports, and results of social maturity scale(SMS), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), and psycho-educational profile(PEP). Two groups were compared on a wide range of measures including comorbid disorders, associated symptoms, treatment drugs, and PEP. The relation between associated symptom & PEP was investigated in total(106 cases) and in each dignostic group. Sixty-four cases of PDD were divided into three groups by CARS and then compared on associated symptoms. Result：The prevalence of comorbid disorder was 19.6% in PDD, 41.2% in DLD. The rate of manifestation of 13 associated symptoms was 31.47% in PDD, 22.13% in DLD on the average. Associated symptoms significantly high in PDD were preoccupation, obsession, self-mutilation, stereotypy, sleep problems, and odd response. In total patient group, associated symptoms that significantly influenced PEP were preoccupation, self-stimulation, stereotypy, inappropriate affect, sleep problems, and odd response. But, in each diagnostic group, no associated symptom influenced PEP. Associated symptoms significantly different between the 3 groups of CARS were stereotypy, anxiety, and sleep problems. Conclusion：These preliminary results suggest that developmental characteristics may influence associated symptoms in PDD children and a realistic approach considering minute diagnosis by associated symptoms and comorbid disorders is required.