• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6D
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• pp.801-807
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• 2008

This study attempts to evaluate and compare the land consumption efficiencies of various urban transport modes, utilizing the time-area method. With the careful considerations of travel conditions and modal characteristics, equations for the computation of time-area for various different modes are derived. With the appropriate assumed values of parameters, time-area consumptions per person per km for each mode both for peak and off-peak situations are computed and evaluated. The relationships between the time-area consumed and operating speed for each mode are graphically demonstrated and discussed. An example of the time-area consumed for a hypothetical commuter round-trip using various modes are also presented in order to clearly show the consumption of parking requirements by specific modes. It shows that regardless of facilities used, auto users are by far the worst in terms of area efficiency and that transit, especially rail rapid transit, is a superior mode. Pedestrian and bicycle, though consuming more than expected, also demonstrate the advantage in case of a short-distance trip in terms of area efficiency compared with the bus transit modes.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.843-853
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of elderly pedestrian accidents and to suggest policy implications to enhance the level of elderly pedestrian safety. Although much efforts has made to enhance traffic safety environment, pedestrian traffic accidents among elderly population are not significantly decreased. This is mainly because current traffic safety measures do not much consider the characteristics of elderly pedestrians in the aspects of physical and psychological conditions. Main findings from vehicle-pedestrian traffic accident data and survey are as follows. First elderly pedestrians have high probability of traffic accident near crosswalks or cross streets rather than on crosswalk or cross streets. Second they need more green light time for crossing the streets. Third, they feel motor cycles running on the side walk and parked vehicles on the side walk are the most dangerous factors. Forth, general drivers do not have reasonable understanding for the walking behaviors of elderly pedestrians. Fifth, elderly pedestrians frequently need to rest while walking. Sixth, elderly people do not see clearly or understand traffic signs. Finally, many elderly pedestrians experience accidents or inconvenience while walking on the sidewalk.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.767-768
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• 2017

국토교통부에 따르면 2014년, 대한민국의 자동차 1대당 인구수가 2.56명으로 기록되었다고 한다. 또한, 교통안전공단에 의하면, 2015년 총 교통사고는 23만 2035건이 발생하였고 이로 인한 사망자는 4621명이라고 한다. 그 중 약 53%인 12만 3760건이 폭이 9m 미만인 이면도로에서 발생하였고 이로 인한 사망자는 전체 사망자의 약 56%인 2586명이라고 한다. 이는 상당히 수의 사고들이 이면도로에서 일어나고 있음을 알려준다. 국민 안전의 측면에서 많은 사고의 위험이 있는 이면도로에 사고를 예방할 수 있는 대책이 시급하다. 이에 본 논문에서 IoT(사물인터넷)을 기반으로 한 이면도로에서의 사고 예방 장치를 제시하여 '차량과 차량'뿐만 아니라 '차량과 보행자', '차량과 자전거' 충돌사고 문제해결에 접목하였다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2021

In some intersections or busy traffic roads, there are more pedestrians in a specific period of time, and there are many traffic accidents caused by road congestion. Especially at the intersection where there are schools nearby, it is particularly important to protect the traffic safety of students in busy hours. In the past, when designing traffic lights, the safety of pedestrians was seldom taken into account, and the identification of motor vehicles and traffic optimization were mostly studied. How to keep the road smooth as far as possible under the premise of ensuring the safety of pedestrians, especially students, will be the key research direction of this paper. This paper will focus on person, motorcycle, bicycle, car and bus recognition research. Through investigation and comparison, this paper proposes to use YOLO v4 network to identify the location and quantity of objects. YOLO v4 has the characteristics of strong ability of small target recognition, high precision and fast processing speed, and sets the data acquisition object to train and test the image set. Using the statistics of the accuracy rate, error rate and omission rate of the target in the video, the network trained in this paper can accurately and effectively identify persons, motorcycles, bicycles, cars and buses in the moving images.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

Many policies, such as transit-oriented development, encouraged use of bicycle and pedestrian, reduction of green house gas (GHG) and etc., have been deployed to support transport sustainability. Although various studies regarding GHG were presented, no one has yet adequately explained the behavior of travelers. This paper proposes a GHG emission model by highlighting its sensitivity, elasticity with regard to such travel cost as travel time, travel fare, and GHG pricing, introduced to reduce the amount of GHG in transportation system. For better estimation of GHG, the proposed model adopts (1) a production-constrained gravity model and (2) the travel distance from the origin and the destination (OD). The gravity model has a merit that it considers travel pattern between OD pairs. The model was tested with an example, and the promising results confirmed its validation and applications.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of public transit accessibility on the Carsharing use demand. By utilizing the rental historical DB of Greencar which is operated in Suwon city and public transit GIS DB, the use demand models for Carsharing by rental offices are built and analyzed in accordance with public transit accessibility. The result indicates 73% of walking as a majority, 3% cycling, and 20% using buses and urban railways to access Carsharing rental offices. The goodness of fit of Carsharing use models reflecting accessibility to buses and railways is verified as 0.818 which proves that public transit accessibility is a significant variable. Therefore, it is verified that installing Carsharing rental offices where public transit transfer is convenient can possibly increase the use demand. Especially, while accessibility to buses is verified as a significant variable out of other public transit means, the accessibility to urban railways is verified as not significant. This suggests that a variety of complementary policies such as transfer discount policy and one-way transfer return policy are necessary in between urban railways and Carsharing in order to promote mutual use demand in accordance with the other public transit means. This study result is yet the basic research on Carsharing, however it is expected to contribute to improvement of transfer demand in between different public transit means.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

This study identified the factors that affect travel time budget by mode for traveler in Seoul using the SUR model. Individual, household and TAZ characteristics were selected as the explanatory variables. Transportation modes are summarized from 18 types to 6 types(walking, personal car, bus, subway, rail and bicycle). The results showed a distinct difference between personal transportation and public transportation. First of all, People who owned a car and driver's licence tend to prefer personal transportation. In addition, we can confirm the relationship between the bus and the subway which are most typical public transportation. Passengers who can available a personal mode preferred the subway than the bus. It is expected to suggest various implications related to the public transportation policy for Seoul metropolitan area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

An All-red clearance interval(AR) has been operating with amber signal in order to avoid collision between vehicles which cannot come out of the intersections, vehicles coming in from the opposite direction, and pedestrians(bicycles) on the crosswalk during the signal conversion time at the intersections. Foreign nations have been analyzing AR's influences of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the similar research has not been conducted in the country. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to analyze the safety at the intersections with respect to the installation of AR through the hypothesis test. A before-and-after analysis has been performed for 10 intersections where applied AR. From the 95% of significance level, the results of Non-parametric Test show that the installation of AR improves a safety at the intersections. The results indicates that AR discharges vehicles passing through the intersections and control entering vehicles at the intersections.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2009

The railway crossing is very dangerous because the track intersects with the road there. Thus, The laws were designed for safety of the railway crossing and they are classified as to the acts for the road and the railroad. For safety of the railway crossing, there are 'Road/Railroad Crossing Improvement Promotion Act', 'Enforcement Decree of Road/Railroad Crossing Improvement Promotion Act', 'Rules on Construction of Railroad', 'Rules on Safety Standards of Railroad Installations', and 'Enforcement Ordinance of Cable way/Railway Track Act' in the acts for the railroad and there are 'Road Traffic Act', 'Enforcement Ordinance of The Road Traffic Act', 'Ruled on Structure and Facility Standards of The Road', 'Rules on Structure And Facility Standards Of The Rural Road' and 'Rules on Structure and Facility Standards of The Installations for Bicycle' in the acts for the road. Both the acts for the road and the railroad have standards for the structure of the railway crossing. However, they have different standards. Besides, they don't have standards for new facilities which were recently installed for safety of the railway crossing. Therefore, we suggest new standards for safety of the railway crossing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2014

Recently, urban and transportation planning for Transit Oriented Development(TOD) has become a major issue. For the effective policy implementation of TOD, it is important to understand the travel behavior of residents in housing areas. In this study, we compared the travel behaviors of residents by housing types based on 'the 2010 Household Travel Survey Data' focusing on metropolitan areas. By building an estimation model for subway trip frequency by housing types, it was identified that the factors influencing subway trips and ultimately suggested implications to increase the use of the subway. The highest share of bus mode was for detached house residents with 22.8%, whereas the share of subway mode was highest by efficiency apartment residents with 17.5%. Walking distance to the subway from efficiency apartment and row house were verified as 661meters and 749meters. As the residents of each housing type have more cars and bicycles, their subway trips were decreased. It was also found that subway trips were increased when the population density of residence was high with good accessibility to subway stations and poor accessibility to bus service. In this study, the statistical findings to differentiate the planning factors of public transportation by housing types were also provided. The results of this study would be used for urban design considering the travel behaviors of residents by housing types and can also be utilized for promoting the patronage of public transportation. Some limitations and a future research agenda have also been discussed.