• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.910-914
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• 2023

With the technological innovation owing to the 4th industrial revolution, the maritime transportation is rapidly being developed with autonomous ships and systems. Particularly, autonomous ships will partially replace the manned ships and navigation among them remotely upon the degree of autonomy suggested by IMO. Accordingly, the remote operator and related research have increased as well. However, the data on the minimum required manpower for remote operators are lacking such as considering engage required situations and their co-occurrence probability. Therefore, this study proposes a simulation model that calculates the number of remote engage required situations by defining restricted water area and remote engage required situation as close-quarter situations based on accumulated trajectory data of actual ships. The findings are expected to be used as background materials to establish the appropriate manpower distribution of remote operators in remote operation centers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.347-350
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• 1999

자율무인잠수정은 자율운항을 위해서 자동화된 제어시스템이 필요하다. 제어시스템은 기능적 측면에서 임무계획단계(mission planning level), 임무제어단계(mission control level), 선체제어단계(vehicle control level)로 구분한다. 자율무인잠수정의 효과적인 임무 수행을 위해서는 임무제어단계의 운행 경로 설정과 제어가 중요하다. 자율무인잠수정은 잠수정의 주변환경을 추상화한 후 탐색기법을 이용하여 경로를 설정한다. 이때 검색기법의 효율적 적용을 위해서는 효과적으로 추상화된 탐색모형이 필요하다. 대표적인 탐색모형으로는 3차원 격자절대좌표 모형(3-dimensional grid unit coordinate model)(1)을 들 수 있다. 그러나 이 모형은 불필요한 동작의 반복, 이동 격자에 따른 비일관성과 같은 취약점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이 모형의 취약점을 개선하기 위해서 자율무인잠수정의 위치 기반 상대적 격자좌표 모형(relative grid unit coordinate model based on AUV state)을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2022

4차 산업혁명 기반의 자율화, 무인화 등 선박기술의 새로운 패러다임이 지속적으로 제시되고 있으며, 이는 자율운항선박울 둘러싼 주변 환경에도 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이 중 항만 및 연안 수역의 선박교통 안전 및 효율성의 확보와 해양환경 보호를 위하여 시행되고 있는 해상교통관제 서비스의 경우에도 자율운항선박의 출현에 대비한 사전 준비가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 현행 해상교통관제업무 분석 및 현직 관제사를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통하여 자율운항선박에 대한 관제업무 절차 마련을 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 연구의결과로 무인 자율운항선박을 고려한 디지털 정보교환 체계 기반 해상교통관제 시스템에 대한 개념을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.84-85
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• 2023

한나라호 기준 시간당 최대 140만 여건 발생하여 LTE상용망으로 육상제어 센터에 100% 전송이 불가능하여 필수적으로 수신되어야 할 데이터가 누락 되는 현상이 발생하는 것을 발견하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.447-463
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• 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is a major technology that develops smart ships into autonomous ships in the marine industry. Autonomous ships recognize a situation with the information collected without human judgment which allow them to operate on their own. Existing ship systems, like control systems on land, are not designed for security against cyberattacks. As a result, there are infringements on numerous data collected inside and outside the ship and potential cyber threats to AI technology to be applied to the ship. For the safety of autonomous ships, it is necessary to focus not only on the cybersecurity of the ship system, but also on the cybersecurity of AI technology. In this paper, we analyzed potential cyber threats that could arise in AI technologies to be applied to existing ship systems and autonomous ships, and derived categories that require security risks and the security of autonomous ships. Based on the derived results, it presents future directions for cybersecurity research on autonomous ships and contributes to improving cybersecurity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.180-181
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• 2023

선박 원격제어를 위해 시스템은 선박의 항해가 종료될 때 까지 중단없이 운영되어야 한다. 선박원격제어를 시스템의 중단 원인 및 해결방안 도출하기위해 실습선을 대상으로 원격제어 시스템을 시험운영한 결과 네트워크 단절 및 데이터누락이 현상이 일어나는 것을 발견하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2011

최근 많은 분야에 무인시스템이 도입되고 있다. 초기에는 산업분야에서 인간이 하기 힘들거나 위험한 작업을 대신하는 단순 반복적인 자동화기술이 대부분이었으나, 최근에는 전자통신 기술발달에 힘입어 무인자동차, 무인항공기, 무인잠수정, 무인선박 등이 연구 개발되고 있다. 본연구에서는 자율형 소형무인선을 개발하고자 하였으며, 이와 관련하여 인터넷기반의 무선통신제어, 동력 추진 조타 냉각시스템, GPS 영상 헤딩센서 등 센싱시스템, 자율운항을 위한 제어기설계, GUI 등을 연구하였다. 아울러, 해상실험을 통해 유효성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

The development and operation of the MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) is being actively discussed for more efficient and safer maritime transportation solutions. The autonomous navigation technology has positive aspects such as the prevention of marine accidents, improvement of fuel efficiency of ships and cost reduction, and negative aspects such as job loss, task change, and security problems. It is expected that there will be new human element issues such as the situation awareness of remote operators, because the shore-based control will be conducted when fully autonomous ships are in operation. In this paper, we consider major human element issues that should be factored in the development and operation of MASS, and suggest a method of HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) for P IFs (Performance Influencing Factors) of the remote operators that are expected according to the shore-based control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2022

원격제어선박의 운항상태를 파악하고 제어신호를 보내기 위해 선박에 수집되는 각종 센서 및 기관정보가 육상제어센터에 전송되어야 한다. 통신수단 별로 전송속도 및 대역폭이 다르며, 선박의 위치에 따라 가용한 통신수단이 다르다. 선박이 육지와 가까워질수록 선박의 밀집도와 통행량이 많아지므로 수집해야 할 정보의 종류도 많고 속도도 빨라야 한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 육상제어 센터에서 선박의 위치에 따라 통신수단을 변환하여 사용할 수 있도록 선박-육상간 통신망을 구축하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the interest in autonomous ship technology is increasing as high-tech technologies are being increasingly utilized throughout the industry. Therefore, we conducted a basic study on autonomous ships. In particular, a passenger ship model was produced and an autonomous navigation system was established by applying the ardupilot used for drones. The possibility of automatic control of the autonomous ship operations was confirmed by executing various voyage plans using the built model ship. In the performance test for maintaining the course the model ship could not follow the designated course straight and sailed up to 5.4 m away from the course while navigating in a zigzag (S-shape); however, after the parameters were modified, the deviation distance was reduced to a maximum of 1.8 m. In the turning performance test, the maximum diameter of the turning sphere was found to be approximately 9.3 m, but no significant change could be confirmed even after the parameters were modified. However, the results of our tests on slowing down the ship before arriving at the WP confirmed that the diameter of the turning sphere was reduced to a maximum of approximately 3.2 m. In order to evaluate the stopping performance, the last scheduled stopping position of all experiments was compared with the actual stopping position of the model ship and it was confirmed that the model ship stopped at a point at least 0.4 m and a maximum of 6.2 m away from the stopping position. In the future, improvement of course stability, turning performance, and stopping performance is required through modification and supplementation of various parameters. Moreover, a study on automatic berthing of the model ship through automatic control is planned.