• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The essential role of the Division of Earth Sciences(EAR) in the Directorate of Geoscience(GEO) of National Science Foundation of America(NSF) is to support basic research aimed at acquiring fundamental knowledge of the Earth system that can be directly applied to the United States' strategic needs. The 2011 Committee on New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences(NROES) of the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) identified specific areas of the basic earth science research scope of the EAR that were poised for rapid progress during the next decade. Quantified by interdisciplinary approaches, the Committee highlighted the following topics relating to the EAR Deep Earth Processes and Surface Earth Processes sections: (1) the early Earth; (2) thermochemical internal dynamics and volatile distribution; (3) faulting and deformation processes; (4) interactions among climate, the Earth surface processes, tectonics, and deep Earth processes; (5) co-evolution of life, environment, and climate; (6) coupled hydrogeomorphic-ecosystem response to natural and anthropogenic change; and (7) interactions of biogeochemical and water cycles in terrestrial environments. We also promote future research challenges such as the critical zone studies. In order to promote more active such a huge future research challenges, additional research support policies are needed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.170-184
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• 2022

The Riparian Buffer Zone(RBZ) is a sustainable social-ecological system created in the middle zone between water and land. For the RBZ, close communication with the local community is important, and it is necessary to promote it as a communicative environmental planning process. In this study, for the RBZ project, three strategies are presented as a communicative act to understand and implement planning. First, government-led projects were avoided and improved to a process in which citizens and stakeholders participated together, centered on local partnership. Second, it was intended to introduce design criterias in terms of enhancing the function of ecosystem services that citizens can sympathize with, and to increase acceptance and awareness through the planning of preferred spaces and facilities. Third, after a balanced plan for habitats, water cycle-based ecological environment, ecological experience and open space, citizens felt the restoration effect and value as an ecological resources, and a system was prepared to participate in the operation and management. This study will work as a process model based on citizens's participation. In addition, it will be possible to provide lessons for the change of the policy paradigm for the RBZ and the implementation of similar projects in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

The use of information on natural resources is indispensable to most agricultural activities to avoid disasters, to improve input efficiency, and to increase lam income. Most information is prepared and managed at a spatial scale called the "Hydrologic Unit" (HU), which means watershed or small river basin, because virtually every environmental problem can be handled best within a single HU. South Korea consists of 840 such watersheds and, while other watershed-specific information is routinely managed by government organizations, there are none responsible for agricultural weather and climate. A joint research team of Kyung Hee University and the Agriculture, forestry and Fisheries Information Service has begun a 4-year project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and forestry to establish a watershed-specific agricultural weather information service based on "high definition" digital climate maps (HD-DCMs) utilizing the state of the art geospatial climatological technology. For example, a daily minimum temperature model simulating the thermodynamic nature of cold air with the aid of raster GIS and microwave temperature profiling will quantify effects of cold air drainage on local temperature. By using these techniques and 30-year (1971-2000) synoptic observations, gridded climate data including temperature, solar irradiance, and precipitation will be prepared for each watershed at a 30m spacing. Together with the climatological normals, there will be 3-hourly near-real time meterological mapping using the Korea Meteorological Administration's digital forecasting products which are prepared at a 5 km by 5 km resolution. Resulting HD-DCM database and operational technology will be transferred to local governments, and they will be responsible for routine operations and applications in their region. This paper describes the project in detail and demonstrates some of the interim results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2013

Wood-based products market is new growth engine industry of "Green growth policy". Korean government established a law, sustainable use of wood, for expanding wood and wood-based products market in 2012. This study was conducted to seek sustainable measures for conservation and management of valuable natural resources, offer expanding quality assurance services for wood-based products, and explore measures for expanding wood-based products labeling system. Through discussed domestic and overseas trends and literatures that concern wood-based products labeling system and investigated case studies that were presently operational. For expanding quality assurance services of wood-based products, Korea Forest Service operates a wood-based products labeling system in integrated management through variety awareness and specialist assessment for each product. This process will make enhanced wood-based products labeling system expanded gradually. To evolve into $3^{rd}$ party quality assurance services on maturity age of labeling system, public communication will help improve awareness of producer and consumer. appropriate incentive program will attract voluntary participation from woodbased product industry. Producers consider environmental ethics in their business and consumer should exercise their right to know.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

Sewage sludge treatment is increasing every year due to improvement of living and urbanization. However, interest in anaerobic digestion which is one of the recycling technology. There is anaerobic digestion of increasing due to limitations of ocean dumping and final disposal. But, the limit of anaerobic digestion efficiency due to the advanced treatment of sewage has been limited, and studies for solubilization technology have been actively conducted. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the variation of generation of scum and the solubilization efficiency in the application of pre-treatment of ozone reaction and the change of properties of digested sludge with wet milling. There are results of VS/TS increased by 4.4% and $SCOD_{cr}/TCOD_{cr}$ increased by 9.4% by wet milling alone. In addition, the increase of the specific surface area due to which the reduction of the particle size of the solid content of the sludge in the ozone reaction caused by wet milling decreased the generation rate of scum at 14.3% and increased VS/TS at 2.1%, compared with the ozone reaction alone. From these results, it is expected that the application of wet milling can be increased the contact efficiency with solids in the sludge during ozone reaction with suppress scum and increase the efficiency of the subsequent process in anaerobic digestion.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.40-54
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• 2023

산업혁명 이후 화석연료의 광범위한 사용, 삼림 벌채, 토지사용의 변화 등과 같은 인위적 활동은 대기 중 온실가스(GHGs, greenhouse gases) 농도를 지속적으로 증가시켜 지구의 기후위기를 유발하였다. 우리나라의 경우 최근 30년 사이 평균 온도가 1.4℃ 상승하였으며, 국제사회의 일원으로 책임을 다하기 위해 2016년 11월 3일 파리협정을 비준하였다. 이에 파리협정의 목표인 산업화 이전 대비 지구 평균온도 상승을 2℃ 아래, 가능한 1.5℃ 아래로 억제하기 위해 2050년까지 CO₂ 순배출량을 0으로 만들어야 하며, 이를 위해 다양한 정책 마련과 함께 경제 및 사회 전반에 걸쳐 많은 노력이 경주되고 있는 실정이다. 탄소중립을 달성하기 위해서는 첫 번째로 GHGs 배출을 줄이고, 두번째로 대기에서 CO₂ 포집을 촉진하기 위해 현재 가동되는 다양한 산업분야의 생산 시스템을 개혁하는 것이 가장 중요한 과제로 고려되고 있다. 그동안 지하수토양 관련 연구분야에서는 지속가능성(sustainability), 복원성(resilience), 녹색성장(green growth) 등과 같은 사회적 요구에 부응하여, 녹색정화(green remediation), 자연 저감(natural attenuation), 탄소포집저장(carbon capture and sequestration), 지열발전등의 기술이 초기단계로 개발이 되고 연구가 되어 왔다. 이러한 기존 연구들은 탄소중립2050의 달성을 위해 고도화되어야하며, 추가적으로 자연 및 인위기원 탄소배출 연구, 토양의 역할을 고려한 저탄소 토지이용 기술, 광물탄산화 등의 연구 및 기술개발이 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 탄소중립2050의 간단한 내용과 함께, 이를 달성하기 위한 지하수토양 분야의 혁신기술 및 선도연구를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the photosynthesis and growth characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum T. grown under aquaponics in a plant factory (AP) by comparing those grown under hydroponic cultivation system (HP). The AP system raised 30 fishes at a density of 10.6 kg·m^-3 in a 367.5 L tank, and at HP, nutrient solution was controlled with EC 1.3 dS·m^-1 and pH 6.5. The pH level ranged from 4.0 to 7.1 for the AP system and 4.0 to 7.4 for the HP system. The pH level in the AP began to decrease with an increase in nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and lasted bellower than pH 5.5 for 15-67 DAT. It was found that ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) continued to increase even under low pH conditions. EC was maintained at 1.3 to 1.5 dS·m^-1 in both systems. The concentration of major mineral elements in the fish tank was higher than that of the hydroponics, except for K and Mg. There was no significant difference in the photosynthesis characteristics, but the PIABS parameters were 30.4% lower in the AP compared to the HP at the 34DAT and 12.0% lower at the 74DAT. There was no significant difference in the growth characteristics, but the petiole length was 56% longer in the leaf grown under the AP system. While there was no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, the leaf area ratio was 36.43% higher in the AP system. All the integrated results suggest that aquaponics is a highly-sustainable farming to safely produce food by recycling agricultural by-products, and to produce Peucedanum japonicum as much as hydroponics under a proper fish density and pH level.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

The domestic market of CM at Risk has not been activated yet. It was analyzed duo to the fact that construction owners didn't have confidence in CM at Risk, because of the concerns regarding CM firms reliability, service, specialty, system and feasibility. Therefore, this study analyzed the problems to find the reason for declines in orders through a business diagnosis based on the Business Model Canvas(BMC) and set up the direction of business model improvement with one on one expert interviews. Additionally, we suggested the sub-activities for the business model improvements of CM at Risk service that are divided into 9 building blocks. Through this method, we determined that we would need preceding innovation activities such as good communication with customers, reinforcement of subcontract and excellence in project operations to convert the successful practice and settlement of the CM business model based in BMC. It is expected that the business model suggested from this study would contribute to improvement of CM at Risk competition and the differentiation strategy when compared with other firms. Also, it would be used a basis data to develop CM at Risk business model in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.800-804
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• 2007

전 세계에서 홍수로 인한 인명손실과 재산적 피해의 기록을 살펴보면 최근 몇 년 동안 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해서 홍수를 방어하기 위한 노력은 증가하게 되었다. 이로 인해 홍수터에서 인구집중과 개발로 인해 홍수방어를 위해서 막대한 투자가 필요하다. 이와 동시에 지속가능하고 효과적인 수자원 관리는 전체적인 접근방법이 요구되며, 사회와 경제발전과 생태계 보호 및 토지이용과 수자원 이용의 적절한 관리와 연결된 개념이 필요하다. 유역은 육지와 수계 사이의 많은 상호작용이 있는 동적인 시스템이다. 이러한 관점에서 유역을 간단한 고정된 지역적인 문제라고 생각하는 것보다 전체로서의 유역 기능을 개선하는데 노력이 필요하고 시도되어야 할 것이다. 통합홍수관리(IFM : Integrated Flood Management)는 홍수의 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면을 고려한 새로운 접근방법이며, 홍수가 자원적 가치를 지닌 것이라고 생각하는 개념이다. 통합홍수관리의 특징은 홍수조절 대책의 적절한 혼합, 대책의 목적 및 형태(구조적 및 비구조적 대책), 단기간 및 장기간 대책 등의 대책들을 통합하는 것이다. 여기에는 전유역의 수문순환 관리, 통합 토지이용 및 수자원 관리, 최적 혼합대책의 적용 및 통합재해관리 적용 등이 있다. 홍수는 자연적인 수문학적 체계의 중요한 요소이며, 주요 수자원이기도 하다. 그리고 빈번한 홍수로 인해 제방을 넘어 홍수터를 점령한다. 이 결과로 상습 홍수범람지역은 점점 더 인구가 밀집되고 있고 홍수에 더 취약하게 된다. 그러므로 금호강유역에 발생한 홍수의 개요, 원인 및 결과에 대해서 살펴보고, 홍수관리대책과 실효성에 대해서 조사 분석하였다. 그리고 홍수가 발생한 후 홍수관리대책과 관리기술의 변화를 통합홍수관리의 개념에서 분석하였다.Jones matrix, which allows a new interpretation in the conversion efficiency of the thin-film optical waveguides.있다는 장점이 있었다. 따라서 소아에서 복막투석도관 수술 시 복강경적 방법을 이용하는 것이 효율적인 복막 투석을 위해 유용하다고 생각된다.상부 방광천자에 비해 민감도 59.5%(25/42), 특이도 86.6%(13/15)였고 위양성률 13.3%(2/15), 위음성률 40.5%(17/42) 로 정확도가 낮았다. 결론 : 소변을 가리지 못하는 영유아에서 요로 감염을 진단하기 위해서는 도뇨관 채뇨에 비해 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자가 정확하고 안전한 채뇨법으로 권장되어야 한다고 생각한다.應裝置) 및 운용(運用)에 별다른 어려움이 없고, 내열성(耐熱性)이 강(强)하므로 쉬운 조건하(條件下)에서 경제적(經濟的)으로 공업적(工業的) 이용(利用)에 유리(有利)하다고 판단(判斷)되어진다.reatinine은 함량이 적었다. 관능검사결과(官能檢査結果) 자가소화(自家消化)시킨 크릴간장은 효소(酵素)처리한 것이나 재래식 콩간장에 비하여 품질 면에서 손색이 없고 저장성(貯藏性)이 좋은 크릴간장을 제조(製造)할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.에 착안하여 침전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.enin과 Rhaponticin의 작용(作用)에 의(依)한 것이며, 이는 한의학(韓醫學) 방제(方劑) 원리(原理)인 군신좌사(君臣佐使) 이론(理論)에서 군약(君藥)이 주증(主症)에 주(主)로 작용(作用)하는 약물(藥物)이라는 것을 밝혀주는 것이라고 사료(思料)된다.일전 $

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

Rapid variation of coastal ecosystem in the East Sea of Korea, such as fishery resource variation and subtropical chang of bentic flora, accordong to the global warming are actually noticed. In this study we try to identify the characterics of water mass existing in this coastal area and to consider the variation of their physical and chemical properties using data of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen obtained by National Fisheries Research & Development Institute from 1960 to 2005. The temperature of all water mass rise during last 45 years; the rise of North Korea Cold Water temperature (about $2.33^{\circ}C$) is 1.5 times higher than that of Tsushima warm water (about $1.6^{\circ}C$), and the temperature rise of Tsushima Surface Water, directly affected by climate chang is $2.57^{\circ}C$, higher than the atmospheric temperature rise during same period, indicating that subtropical change makes progress more rapidly in the coastal marine ecosystem than in the land ecosystem. Otherwise, the salinity in the surface water decrease $0.29\%_{\circ}$ during last 45 years due to the rising trend of rainfall with atmospheric temperature. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the all water mass make a decreasing trend. Specially for the North Korea Cold Water, the dissolved oxygen concentration diminish 0.021 mg/l per year and the decrease in the East Sea Proper Water indicate a change of inner water circulation system.