• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Yellow, one of the five direction colors, is a prevailing color in artificial dyeing. The color has implied and symbolized wealth and power since ancient times. Yellow has been extracted mainly from flowers. Shapes, colors and scents of flowers not only have enriched emotional mentality, but have also been used for medicinal herbs, and dyestuff since the very old days. Coloring matter from flowers is very beautiful, and it has been used for dyeing textiles. Textile dyeing have formed a color culture and developed a dyeing culture since ancient times. Flowers include a variety of color matters, and can be easily obtained around us. Therefore, flowers have been a widespread natural dyestuff. It is well known that beautiful colors can be extracted from flowers, which are eco-friendly and non-polluting. In addition, flowers are easily provided. In this study, yellow wild flowers were selected as subjects. Seven flowers with color matters distiguishable through the naked eye were used: Korean forsythia, golden-wave, Mongolian dandelion, sunflower, conflower, chelidonium and chrysanthemum. Coloring matters were extracted from the seven flowers, which have been used to create a variety of colors through various dyestuffs; and the colors have been analyzed and presented. Dyeing and coloring matters were tested and analyzed, and several types of dyestuff had also been scientifically measured after treatment.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

In mammalian ovary, major portion(>99%) of ovarian follicles undergo atresia. Recent studies have shown that this phenomenon is mediated via GC apoptosis. Ceramide, a product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, has been proposed as a novel lipid second messenger with specific roles in mediating antiproliferative responses including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In the present study, we have examined the effect of ceramide on apoptotic cell death of GC in vitro. GCs were harvested by squeezing the antral follicles from the immature mice (3-4 weeks) and cultured in MEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were treated with various concentrations of ceramide (0 to 50 \mu M)and cultured up to 24 h.Cell death was determined by MTT cell viability assay and apoptosis was examined by acridine orange staining, in situ 3'-end labeling(TUNEL), and flow cytometry. Ceramid treatment induced apoptotic cell death of GC in a time- and a dose-dependent manner. Results of flow cytometric analysis showed that creamide-induced cell death was mostly confined to the $G_{0}$/$G_{1}$ cells. these results provide an evidence for ceramide as a lipid second messenger of apoptosis in mouse GC.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 1987

Attempts were made to enumerate the number of Gram positive and negative bacteria in the development of natural fermentation rapidly and simultaneously. A general Gram stain was applied to this study. The number of cells by Gram stain was proportional to the cell turbidity by spectrophotometer within a range of 0.7 absorbance at 610nm. The cells washed out during procedures were not exceeded about 8 percentage. The standard error of separate counts in the mixture of Cscherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus was $5.1\pm2.3$%. The possible range of counting was $5.5\times 10^{7}-1.0\times 10^{9}$ cells/ml. Therefore, it is believed that a general Gram stain could be applied to the separate counting of mixture of Fram positive and negative bacterial populations too. In practice, growth kinetics of hemp retting and Kimchi fermentation were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hair dyeing and changes of hair quality by the application of indigo dye. Methods: Indigo dye was used after water bath. After application of the dye to healthy and bleached hair samples, they were treated with heat and remained naturally by different times. Each sample was measured before and after the application and compared for the analysis. To investigate the effects of dyeing, L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values and bleaching degree were measured using by color-difference meter. To understand the changes of hair quality, absorbance and gloss were measured using by tensile strength and methylene blue. Results: Upon the results of dyeing, all the samples showed the significant dyeing effects before and after the application in terms of L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values. With respect to the bleaching effects, it showed the greatest change on Day 1 and did not show any changes from Day 3. For the measurement of tensile strength, mean values of all the samples were increased. However, the results were not significant, statistically, demonstrating no change of hair quality. No statistically significant results were found in the samples except healthy 7L(3) sample upon the absorbance results using methylene blue. Gloss of samples was changed upon the statistical analysis results. Conclusion: Indigo dye showed the hair dyeing effects, significantly, while gloss was changed and tensile strength and absorbance were not changed in terms of hair quality. Further studies are required on the processing with a variety of dyes and on the measurements for reliability and objectivity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.57-68
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• 1991

Color vision 현상은 대상물질에 의해서 투과(transmission), 굴절(refraction), 반사(reflection)되어 나오는 광(light)이 망막(retina)에 비칠 때 시신경을 자극하여 뇌에 전달됨으로써 일어나는 하나의 감각현상(sensation)이다. 그러므로 그것은 인간의 감각상태, 광의 종류, 대상물질의 환경조건에 따라서, 즉 시각이 이루어진 그 순간에 인간의 눈이 어떻게 작용 하느냐에 달려있는 복잡한 현상 이다. 그래서 지금까지 발표된 20여개의 색채공간 중 그 어느 것도 인간의 감각량을 똑같이 표현할 수 없었던 것은 사실이다. 모든 자연현상이 그렇듯 인간도 개체마다 모두 다르고 대상물질 및 광에 관련된 너무 많은 요소(Factor)가 색지각 현상에 작용하기 때문에 이의 과학적 표현을 위해서는 단순화 및 normalization의 과정을 거치지 않으면 안되었던 것 같다. 지금까지 발표된 20여개의 color space중, perceptibility에 근거를 둔 유일한 color space인, Munsell color space의 해석에 Spline method 같은 수치 해석적 방법을 쓰지 않으면 안되는 그 이유를 제시하려 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.221-228
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• 2017

This paper aimed to find out the eco-friendly approach enabling to directly print patterns and dye colors on fabrics using leaves of plants. In the research process, I found out the 'eco-printing' which could effectively express unique colors and patterns of plants. While eco-printing can design the patterns and colors of plants in nature using the leaves of plant(Eucalyptus), it is difficult to implement because it is not systematically and academically investigated including the dictionary definition in Korea until now. Thus, I tried to define the eco-printing and natural dyeing using leaves or flowers of plants enabling to get natural patterns and colors and do the experimental research and production using the leaves of Eucalyptus. The leaves of Eucalyptus were arranged on a wool scarf and a silk scarf, tied and applied pressure to them and made pigments penetrate into fabrics by heating or steaming them. This approach is to directly print the patterns using the shapes of plants on fabrics unlike the existing approaches dyeing by extracting dyeing solution from natural materials. Furthermore, the change of colors was attempted by using the color fixers. In accordance with the results of this experimental research, the scarf design differentiated from the existing products could be acquired. It was identified that eco-printing could induce the color variables depending on the conditions of each material and environment. For improving the color variables, various kinds of fabrics and divers kinds of materials which can be easily acquired in a daily life will be investigated and compared. Furthermore, it is expected that the experimental research and production techniques on eco-printing be utilized when starting natural dyeing and the scope of natural dyeing be more expanded.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2003

Stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, especially of the esophagus, are rare. We had a case of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) of the esophagus. A 46 years old woman was admitted for abnormal mass shadow in the chest radiograph. The mass was originated from the lower thoracic esophagus, and compressed the right lower pulmonary vein and the inferior vena cava. We removed the tumor externally without injuring of the esophageal mucosa via right posterolateral thoracotomy. The tumor was positive for CD 34 and CD 117, and diagnosed malignant CIST of the esophagus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2003

Bulla is an air-filled space within the lung parenchyma resulting from deterioration of the alveolar tissue. Molecular mechanism of the formation of the bulla is not well described. Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-7, bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) receptor, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-$\beta$ receptor are known to have a stimulatory or inhibitory role in the lung formation. We investigated to see if these growth factor or cytokine receptors are involved in the bulla formation by immunohistochemical staining of bullous lung tissues from patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Bullous lung tissues were obtained from 31 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax, including 30 males and 1 female from 15 to 39 years old. The bullous tissues were obtained by video-thoracoscopic surgery and/or mini-thoracotomy and fixed in formalin. Blocks of the specimens were embedded with paraffin and cut into 5-6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick slices. The sections were deparaffinized and hydrated and then incubated with primary antibodies against FGF-7, BMP-RII, or TGF-RII. Result: Of the 31 patients, 24 were TGF-RII positive including 18 strong and 6 weak positives. Observation with high magnification showed that strong immunostaining was detected in the boundary region between bullous and normal lung tissues. In contrast, all of the sections were negative with FGF-7 or BMP-RII antibodies. Conclusion: These results suggest that overexpression of TGF- P RII may be involved in the formation of bulla, although further molecular studies are needed to find out more detailed molecular mechanisms.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

This research investigated morphological changes of ovarian follicle according to dose of irradiation when adult mice were exposed to X-rays from 6 MeV LINAC. At day 3 after irradiation of 200 cGy, 400 cGy and 600 cGy X-ray to the hole body of mice, the ovaries collected and stained with TUNEL. The normal follicles and atretic follicles were identified to apoptosis by the staining with TUNEL. In the atretic follicles of the normal ovary, the apoptotic bodies were well appeared and stained brown color. Almost of the follicles following irradiation are stained with TUNEL, but the sensitivity of reaction is weaker than that in irradiation of 400 cGy and 600 cGy X-ray. The granulosa cells of the radiated normal follicle by 400 cGV are shown brown color. In this stage, the nucleus of granulosa cells in the atrectic follicles are condensed and picknotic feature. The size of the radiated follicle by 600 cGy are decreased than the normal follicles. The atropic follicles are filled with apoptotic bodies which change of granulosa cells and theca cells by influence of X-ray. All of cell in the follicles are strongly positive stained with TUNEL by irradiation of 600 cGy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2017

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) contains M. avium-intracellular complex (MAC), M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus, M. kansasii, etc., which causes infections in swine, poultry, and other animals. These bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that can contaminate people, and in doing so, cause various social economic problems. This study proved that NTM are also present in air conditioners of multiuse facilities in frequently visited populated areas. The results of this study are meaningful because they showed that pathogenic microbes can live in the surroundings and cause diseases to people with impaired immunity. This study used the AFB stain, L-J medium culture, and PCR method for the detection of MTB and NTM in air conditioner dust. MTB was not detected in any of the collected samples, while NTM was detected in 2 out of 40 samples (5%). Most people living in the modern environment cannot avoid being exposed to air conditioners so special attention is needed for sanitary inspections and the management of air conditioners. Moreover, it is important to study NTM through various individuals, accumulate the related data and establish the methods and standards of hygiene management system to reduce NTM infections in public areas. Moreover, it would be necessary to identify the precise species of NTM through DNA sequencing and evaluate the effects of NTM on the pulmonary tuberculosis in immunodeficiency patients.