• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.72
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

우리는 한국동굴학회의 요청과 사업계획에 따라, 동북-중앙아시아지역 동굴과학정보망 구축 사업에 동의하고 이를 기원하는 뜻으로 중국 길림성 연변조선족자치주 화룡시 근교의 충천계곡(골)자연동굴을 탐사하였다. 이를 위하여 1년 전 어느 날 화룡시 충천 골에 있는 동굴을 찾아 연길에서 차를 타고 장인촌으로 간 적이 있었다. 그곳에 가서 수소문하여 동굴에 대해 잘 알고 계신다는 김창현 노인을 찾았다. 당시 우리가 그 노인을 찾았을 때는 이미 점심때가 다 되었다. 우리가 동굴을 찾아가 보려고 김창현 노인을 찾아왔다고 하자, 그 노인은 동굴이 이곳에서 멀리 떨어져 있어서 아침 일찍 떠나야 하기에 오늘은 갈 수 없다고 하였다. 그리하여 우리는 김 노인으로부터 동굴에 대한 이야기만 좀 듣고 돌아와서 후에 약속한 날에 다시 탐사방문을 추진하기로 결정하였고, 바로 이때부터 우리는 국제교류와 협력을 통하여 사실상 국제동굴과학정보망 구축 사업에 동참을 시작한 셈이 되었으며, 이를 적극 지지한다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2002

The traditional methodology of Korean regional studies had been shifted by geographic thoughts and philosophy as follows; Environmentalism or Environmental determinism stemming from geomancy were dominant methodology in the Korea era. An idiographic approach was introduced based on the encyclopedic description of geographic factors of villages for the centeralization of power in the Chosun era. A systematic geography that pursues scientific laws of regional differences which results from the interactions of human and nature had emerged through field works of some practical school in the later Chosun era.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.66
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• pp.57-86
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• 2005

이 논문은 미국의 남서부지역(대략, 애리조나 주, 뉴-멕시코 주, 콜로라도 주, 그리고 유타 주 등에 해당)에서 발굴 조사된 수혈주거지들의 방향을 열효율과 연계하여 연구한 것이다. 이 지역 선사시대 수혈주거지에 거주했던 사람들은 주거지 내부에 있었던 작은 노지(爐址) 이외에 다른 난방시설이 없었기 때문에 고고학자들은 이 지역 주민들이 주거지를 설계할 때 자연난방인 태양열을 이용하였을 것이라고 추정하고 있다. 이 아이디어를 고고학 자료를 통하여 검증하기 위하여 기원 전후부터 기원 후 미국 남서부 지역에서 가장 주도적인 역할을 하였던 원주민들의 호호캄(Hohokam, 남부 애리조나 지역), 아나사지(Anasazi, 북부 애리조나, 뉴-멕시코, 남서 콜로라도와 남동 유타에 걸쳐져 있던 四隅지역), 그리고 머기욘(Mogollon, 남동 애리조나와 남서 뉴-멕시코 지역) 문화 유적지에서 발굴조사된 수혈주거지들의 깊이, 모양, 그리고 방향에 대해서 검토하여 보았다. 동시에 수혈주거지의 방향의 해석과 관련된 하부구조적 측면과 관념적 측면의 두 가지 상반되는 견해에 대해서 검토하여 보았다. 이들 지역에서 발굴조사된 주거지들의 방향을 분석하여 보아 일관성 있게 남쪽으로 난 주거지들의 방향이 초자연적인 의미를 내포한 것 이라기보다는 적응의 전략으로서 태양열의 이용을 염두에 두었을 가능성이 더 높다는 것을 주장하였다. 주제어: 선사시대, 미국 남서부 지역, 고고학, 건축, 수혈주거지, 방향, 태양열, 실용성, 상징성ン?⨀⣳?⨀㋳?⨀?⨀

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-88
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• 2001

The Geochemica] and isotope studies on the $CO_2$-rich water from the Shinchon area were carried out. The Shinchon $CO_2$-rich water belongs to Ca(Na)-$HCO_3$ type showing very high $P_{CO_{2}}$ ( $10^{-0.35}$ ~ $10^{0.29}$ atm) and TDS (835-3,144 mg/L). The results of geochemical and isotope analysis indicate that $CO_2$ gas is originated from the deep seated source such as mantle or magmatic gases. The $CO_2$-rich water was evolved by interaction with deep-seated granite and major water-rock interaction was dissolution of p]agioclase resulting high Na content of $CO_2$-rich water. Precipitation and dissolution of secondary calcite might be accompanied with the dissolution of plagioclase maintaining Na/Ca ratio. High contents of K and $SO_4$ indicate that the geochemical characteristics of $CO_2$-rich water were partially affected by interaction with upper sedimentary rock during uprising to surface. N03 and tritium contents suggest that the $CO_2$-rich water was mixed with low $CO_2$ groundwater at some locations. The oxygen-hydrogen isotopes show that all water samples were derived from meteoric waters and the $CO_2$-rich water was isotopically re-equilibrated with lighter $CO_2$ gas. Although some carbon isotope data show isotopically heavy values, carbon isotope data indicate that the $CO_2$ gas was possib]y derived by deep source.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.893-899
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• 2008

Changes in spectroscopic characteristics and pyrene binding coefficients of terrestrial dissolved organic matters(DOM) were investigated during microbial incubation. The incubation studies were conducted for 21 days using a leaf litter DOM and a soilderived DOM with an inoculum from a river. The dissolved organic carbon(DOC), the specific UV absorbance(SUVA), the synchronous fluorescence spectra, and the pyrene organic carbon-normalized binding coefficient(K$_{oc}$) of the DOM were measured at the incubation days of 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21. After the 21-day incubation, DOC were reduced to 61% and 51% of the original concentrations of the litter DOM and the soil-derived DOM, respectively. Comparison of the spectroscopic characteristics before and after the incubation revealed that the SUVA, the fulvic-like fluorescence(FLF), the humic-like fluorescence(HLF) of the different DOM were enhanced by the incubation whereas the protein-like fluorescence(PLF) was reduced. This indicates that more aromatic and humic-like compounds were enriched during the biodegradation process while biodegradable and weak carbon structures were depleted. Irrespective of the DOM sources, SUVA values showed a positive relationship with pyrene K$_{oc}$ with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The FLF and HLF also exhibited good correlations with K$_{oc}$ values although different regression equations were obtained from the different DOM. Our results suggest that the selected spectroscopic characteristics could be good estimation indices for the changes of the binding reactivity of DOM for hydrophobic organic contaminants during biodegradation process.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 2007

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disorder that is characterized by the abundant accumulation of surfactant-derived material within the alveolar spaces and distal bronchioles. Although the findings of homogenous ground-glass opacities overlaid by thickened septa, which form a "crazy paving" pattern on high-resolution computed tomography, can assist in making a diagnosis, a lung biopsy is usually required. This disorder has a variable clinical course, from spontaneous resolution to respiratory failure and death. While a whole lung lavage has been the standard treatment since the early 1960s, GM-CSF therapy has been attempted based on the recently suggested pathogenetic mechanism. We report a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that resolved spontaneously after an open lung biopsy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2001

본 연구는 국토의 친환경적 개발을 위한 제도적 장치 중 하나인 환경성검토의 강화방안을 마련하고자 경기도 남양주시 오남면 팔현리 일대의 골프장개발예정자를 대상으로 한 환경성검토서를 분석하였으며, 또한 대상지의 정확한 평가를 위해 현존식생도, 녹지자연도, 군집의 발달기원, 천이단계, 군집의 희소성, 식물의 희소성 판단의 6개 항목을 선정, 적용한 결과 본 대상지는 개발계획읜 축소. 조정항목으로 판단되었다. 친환경적인 개발을 위한 환경성검토 강화방안을 계획적인 측면에서는 적정대상지의 선정과 이식수목의 산정을 제도적인 측면에서 표토보존 및 이용에 관한 법률과 자연훼손보상제도를 제안하였다. 추가조상대상지역(면적: 1.436, DGN 7이 254, 587$\m^2$. DGN7(8)이 207,235$\m^2$ DGN 5가 163,259$\m^2$, DGN 2는 184,129$\m^2$로 나타나 대상지와 추가조사지역 일부를 포함한 적정대상지를 선정하였다. 이식수종은 성상별로 소나무 1종, 낙엽활엽교목 19종, 낙엽활엽아교목 11종, 낙엽관목 30종, 만경목 11종이었고, 이식가능면적은 639,310$\m^2$이었으나, 보존지역을 제외한 실제 이식가능한 지역은 275, 366$\m^2$으로 나타났다. 대상지의 내 이용가능한 표토량은 137.681㎥이었으며, 보존지역 중 불가피한 훼손면적은 43,938$\m^2$로 나타나 이에 상응하는 가치의 습지나 소생물권 등을 조성하여야 할 것이다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2003

As all other cultures do, in the background of color of costume, view of life or spirit are contained in the nature or environment that the people lived in are applied. Marring is the ceremony to be socially recognized that both of sexes are unified, assist ancestor and bear future generation. Meaning and symbolism of color are appeared in beauty and organic composition of Lee dynasty. This paper tried to dear up five colors are dean, beautiful and philosophical colors rather than awkward composition of colors through surveying character of five colors appeared in Korean traditional wedding dress that has been succeeded in present age. This paper compared Korean traditional wedding dress and "Dan-chung" of Korea, Japan and China and surveyed theoretical background of Korean traditional color to find character of color appeared in Korean traditional wedding dress. As a result, Korean traditional color is meaningful symbolic color, its origin starts in yin-yang and the live elements of the Oriental cosmogony and it is related with Taoism of Confucianism and color of "Dan-chung." Five colors of yin-yang means everything under the sun and il is the color achieving beauty of balance due to correlation when it is linked to over one color. Further, it contains nature worship and human dignity, prays happiness and gives the significance of "Buksa", meaning of expelling an evil spirit. Formative beauty praying that all creatures are harmonized while human is happy and escapes from uncertainty is the beauty pursuing mental satisfaction as well as visual satisfaction. In future, the creational and characteristic designs that can appeal to world are required through right understanding and study of the beauty of traditional culture beauty of traditional culture

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.1 s.112
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• pp.73-93
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• 2006

Despite of ecological and landscape importances and public popularity of Pinaceae, not much scientific informations are known about Korean Pinaceae. Present work aims to understand the biogeography of Korean native Pinaceae, i.e., taxonomy, phylogeny, origin, life form, distribution, dispersal and migration. Korean native Pinaceae consists of five genera and sixteen species. Pinus is systematically closely related to Picea and Larix, but Abies is related to Tsuga. Boreal conifers which have migrated from NE Asia during the Pleistocene glacial epochs successfully survived, but now confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula mainly due to climate warming since the Holocene. Species, such as Picea pungsanensis and Abies koreana have gradually adapted to local environment, and later became an endemic species of Korea. Disjunctive distribution of Pinus parviflora and Tsuga sieboldii are also indicatives of climate change of the Pleistocene. Major dispersal agent of pine trees with winged seed is wind, but wingless pine tree seeds seem to dispersed by birds and rodents. Pine trees with bigger wings are easily dispersed by wind, and now show broader distribution. Species of Pinaceae with disjunctive distribution on the alpine and subalpine belts of both North and South Korea seems to be more vulnerable to global warming.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

The Bongsang gold-silver deposit consists of quartz veins that fill along the fault Bone within Cretaceous andesitic lapilli tuff. Mineralization is occurred within fault-breccia zones and can be divided into two stages. Stage I which can be subdivided into early and late depositional stages is main ore mineralization and stage II is barren. Stage I began with deposition of wall-rock alteration minerals and base-metal sulfides, and was deposited by later native silver, Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, polybasite and base-metal sulfides such like pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena. Fluid inclusion data indicate that homogenization temperatures and salinities of stage I range from 137 to $336^{\circ}C$ and from 0.0 to 10.6 wt.% NaCl, respectively. It suggests that ore forming fluids were cooled and diluted with the mixing of meteoric water. Also, temperature and sulfur fugacity deduced mineral assemblages of late stage I are $<210^{\circ}C\;and\;<10^{-15.4}$ atm, respectively. Sulfur(3.4%o) isotope composition indicates that ore sulfur was mainly derived from a magmatic source as well as the host rocks. The calculated oxygen{2.9%o, 10.3%o(quartz: 7.9%o, 8.9%o, calcite: 2.9%o, 10.3%o)}, hydrogen(-75%o) and carbon(-7.0%o, -5.9%o) isotope compositions indicate that hydrothermal fluids may be meteoric origin with some degree of mixing of another meteoric water for paragenetic time.