• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2001

편평족은 내측 세로궁이 소실되어 족저부가 편평하게 되는 변형의 총칭으로, 소아에서 흔하 고 보호자들의 관심이 많은 질환이다. 이학적 검사상 후족부의 외반과 전족부의 외전소견을 보이며, 감별질환을 위해 정확한 이학적 검사와 방사선학적 검사를 필요로 한다. 원인으로는 유연성 편평족, 종골 외반, 선천성 수직 거골, 부주상골, 족근골 결합등이 있으며 정상적 유 아의 경우 시간경과에 따라 저절로 호전되는 유연성 편평족이 대부분이다. 따라서 병적 편평족이 아닌 경우 편평족의 원인과 양호한 자연경과를 보호자에게 설명하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 소아 편평족의 감별질환을 위한 각 질환에 있어서의 이학적 소견과 검사소견 그리고 이들의 치료에 대해 살펴 보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of design criteria and environmental conditions of the site of created tidal flats on the structure and function of man-made ecosystem. Seven constructed tidal flats and three natural tidal flats were studied taking the difference in the location (wave height and tidal current), inflow of river water, slope of tidal flat and age after the construction completed into consideration. Parameters studied were physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soils and rate of respiration. The natural tidal flats had higher contents of silt, nitrogen and organic matter compared with the constructed ones. The natural ones had reductive zone below 2cm, whereas the constructed ones had aerobic zone from the surface to below 20cm. The bacterial population in the soil of the constructed tidal flats was one to two orders of magnitude lower than that in the natural ones. Both biomass of macrobenthos and microbial respiration rate, however, were not different significantly between the natural and the constructed tidal flats. There was an exceptional constructed tidal flat with similar physico-chemical and biological characteristics to the natural ones. It is most probable that sufficient conditions to have similar tidal flats to natural ones are the location in enclosed bay or calm coastal area. Thus, to make man-made tidal flats with the same characteristics as those in natural ones, man-made tidal flats should be designed and/or located to enhance the accumulation of silt on tidal flat. It is important to select a place having low water motion for construction of tidal flat.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2013

Reports about the intrusion of a natural tooth bounded by implants are very rare, although some concerns have been discussed on the intrusion of teeth connected to implants. A female aged 56 years received an implant (mandibular right first premolar) and post/core onto root rest (mandibular right second premolar) and was restored by single zirconia crown, respectively. Molars were implant restorations. Four month after loading, second premolar was intruded and prominent gap was shown between opposite tooth. Because nonspecific discomfort was expressed, observation was decided after explanation of prognosis of tooth without treatment. Three month later reversal to original position was detected on the periapical radiographs and fully recovered position with intimate contact was completed 11 more months later. Till now 2 years and 3 month observation is being performed. Through the observation of spontaneous recovery of a natural tooth bounded by implants, the cause of intrusion and a mechanism of spontaneous recovery could be estimated.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.286
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

Purpose: Unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction with high grade of hydronephrosis an obstructed diuretic renogram but good differential renal function were studied to evaluate the natural history of untreated obstruction. Materials and Methods: During the last three years, we encountered 18 kidneys with hydronephrosis detected on prenatal ultrasound. In all these patients other urologic abnormalities were excluded by voiding cystourethrography and other radiological studies. Diuretic renography was initially performed at an age ranging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks. Five had high degree of hydronephrosis and obstructed diuretic renogram despite good relative renal function. Periodic urine examination, ultrasonography and diuretic renogram were done at regular intervals. Results: We have followed 5 neonates with unilateral hydronephrosis and suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction with noroperative treatment for 15 months. During followup, percentage and relative renal function were maintained in all patients and hydronephrosis improved. Obstructive patterns on diuretic renogram were variable. Conclusions: These findings help to define the natural history of untreated good functioning hydronephrotic kidneys. Many newborn kidneys with severe hydronephrosis are not obstructed despite even high grade of hydronephrosis and obstructed diuretic renogram.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and 5-year natural course of recurrent bronchiolitis or reactive airways disease (RAD) in infants. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of infants with recurrent bronchiolitis from January 2007 to December 2007 at The Catholic University of Korea St. Mary's Hospital in Incheon, South Korea. Additionally, we telephoned their parents to confirm their present medical statuses. Results: Sixty-three subjects with recurrent bronchiolitis were identified. The mean age at admission was 8.1 months and the number of males was 44 (69.8%). Of the 63 infants with recurrent bronchiolitis, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and antibiotics were given to 62 (98.4%), 53 (84.1%), and 40 (63.5%), respectively. Among the total 63 subjects, we were able to contact the parents of 45 children by telephone. None of these children had been hospitalized during the previous one year period due to respiratory infections or for other medical reasons. Of the 45 subjects we were able to contact, 38 (84.4%) had not experienced any further respiratory difficulties at all. Five (11.1%) had been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis while two (4.4%) were being managed for asthma. Conclusion: Most children who presented with recurrent episodes of bronchiolitis in infancy did not show any further respiratory difficulties after five years of age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2016

아연계 도금 강판은 우수한 내식성을 가지며 특히 아연의 희생방식기구에 의해 철의 부식을 억제하므로 선박, 건축자재, 전자기기 및 자동차 등 다양한 분야에서 그 수요와 사용범위가 증가하고 있다. 또한 도금 조성비 변화 및 다양한 표면처리 방법을 통해 가혹한 환경에서의 우수한 내식성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 중 갈바륨(Galvalume)은 55%의 알루미늄(Al)과 45%의 아연(Zn)으로 되어 있으며, 아연의 장점인 희생방식성과 내알카리성, 알루미늄의 장점인 내구성과 내열성, 내산성을 이상적으로 결합시킨 알루미늄(Al)-아연(Zn) 고내식 합금용융도금강판이다. 본 연구에서는 갈바륨 소재를 여러 산업현장에서 강관 형태로 사용할 경우의 내식성을 파악하기 위해 갈바륨 강관과 기존에 사용되고 있는 용융도금재인 용융아연도금 강관을 비교하며 실험을 진행하였다. 냉간압연강관에 용융아연도금 약 $25{\mu}m$, 갈바륨 약 $20{\mu}m$ 두께로 제작된 강관을 사용하였으며 제작된 도금층 표면 모폴로지는 SEM을 통해 관찰하였고, XRD 분석을 통해 결정 구조를 확인하였다. 또한 5% 염수분무 환경 중 노출시험(Salt spray test), 3% NaCl 용액에서의 자연침지 시험 및 3% NaCl 용액 중 전기화학적 양극분극 시험을 진행하여 평가하였다. 5% NaCl 환경에서의 염수분무 시험 결과 용융아연도금의 경우 단면에서는 90시간, 표면에서는 260시간 경과 후 적청이 발생하였다. 반면, 갈바륨의 경우에는 단면에서 210시간 경과 후에 적청이 발생하였고, 표면의 경우에는 900시간 이상에서도 적청이 발생하지 않았다. 이 결과를 통해 용융아연도금에 비해 갈바륨 도금의 내식성이 단면에서는 3배, 표면에서는 4~5배 이상 향상된 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 3% NaCl 용액 중 자연침지 시험 결과 용융아연도금 강관 표면은 24시간 경과 후 열화부를 중심으로 흑변하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으나 갈바륨의 경우에는 900시간 이상 실험이 진행되는 동안 No Scribe 및 Scribe 시편 모두 외관상 변화가 거의 없었다. 단면의 경우, 용융아연도금 시편은 900시간 이상 실험이 진행되는 동안 외관상 변화가 없었으며, 갈바륨 시편의 경우 300시간 경과 하면서 흰색의 아연 부식생성물이 나타났으나 900시간 이후로도 적청은 발생하지 않았다. 자연전위 측정결과 용융아연도금 및 갈바륨 시편 모두 유사한 전위거동을 나타냈지만 단면의 경우 갈바륨 시편이 용융아연도금에 비해 안정적인 거동을 보였다. 3% NaCl 용액 중 전기화학적 양극 분극 시험 결과 용융아연도금이 갈바륨에 비해 귀한 방향의 부식 전위 값을 나타냈으며, 부식 전류밀도도 용융아연도금이 갈바륨에 비해 더 높은 값을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 염수분무시험, 자연침지시험 및 전기화학적 양극분극시험을 통해 종합적으로 분석-고찰하여 보면, 그 부식이 진행되는 과정은 융융아연도금과 달리 갈바륨 도금의 경우가 다단계적인 부식 과정을 거치면서 우수한 내식 특성을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 갈바륨 도금은 그 도금 막에 분포된 합금상 원소 성분들이 상호 갈바닉(Galvanic) 작용하며 형성된 부식생성물이 수평적으로 자체 차단(Barrier) 역할을 하는 과정과 부분적 부식-회복 과정을 거치면서 다단계적으로 부식속도를 감소시키게 된다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

Purpose : The most important management of congenital hydronephrosis consists of the early diagnosis and evaluation of the pathologic abnormalities of congenital hydronephrosis. This study was conducted to investigate the different causes of hydronephrosis and its clinical outcome. Methods : 54 live neonates who were hospitalized and diagnosed with congenital hydronephrosis at Chungnam National University Hospital from Aug. 1998 to Aug. 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : Hydronephrosis(renal pelvic AP diameter $gt;5 mm) was postnatally detected in 54 cases(2.1%) among 2,539 neonates who were hospitalized from Aug. 1998 to Aug. 2003. There were three times more males than females. Additional imaging studies revealed that ureteropelvic junction obstruction was the most common postnatal diagnosis(48.7%), followed by multicystic dysplastic kidney, vesicoureteral reflux and duplication kidney with ureterocele. Spontaneous regression of hydronephrosis was revealed in 25 renal units(75.8% ) of mild hydronephrosis, 14 renal units of moderate hydronephrosis and 1 renal unit of severe hydronephrosis. Operative correction were carried out in 14 renal units(70%) of severe hydronephrosls. Conclusion : The most common established cause of congenital hydronephrosis in this study was ureteropelvic junction obstruction. There are many cases of spontaneous regression in mild to moderate congenital hydronephrosis. Urinary tract infections occur in many neonates with hydronephrosis. Therefore, early detection and evaluation of congenital hydronephrosis and continuous follow-up at regular intervals are necessary for conservation of renal function. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:69-75)

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2012

The rotator cuff is situated in a potential tight subacromial space and undergoes senescent structural changes commonly observed in other joints of the body. When the cuff fails, spontaneous healing of the torn tendon is not expected to occur, and multiple factors may be responsible. Its fibers are under tension and typically retract on tearing. The subacromial bursal inflammation and alterations in normal glenohumeral kinematics have been considered in the development of symptoms. Controversy continues to exist concerning the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. The heterogeneity of the disorder, as well as the notion that rotator cuff disease may not actually represent a continuum of the same process, but rather, is a compilation of independent disorders, may partly explain the differing viewpoints on its origin. Two contrasting pathogenetic mechanisms have been extensively described and include vascular, or intrinsic, causes and impingement, or extrinsic, factors. Other etiologies have also been reported that include trauma, congenital or developmental factors, and instability. For successful treatment of the rotator cuff diseases, it is essential to understand the structure and function of rotator cuff and to clarify the pathogenesis and natural history of its disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.470-473
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 산업현장에서 에폭시 강화촉진제, 도로용 첨가제 등으로 많이 사용되고 있는 경화제(M.E.K)의 혼합비에 따른 자연발화 위험성을 알아보고 산업 현장의 화재 예방을 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다. M.E.K와 에포비아 수지를 각기 다른 비율로 혼합한 상태에서 시간경과에 따른 시료의 온도변화 와 유증기 발생 및 자연발화 여부를 관찰한 결과 합성수지와 경화제의 혼합시 경화제가 5% 이상으로 혼합될 경우 혼합 수지의 내부온도가 약 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 상승하면서 발포 현상과 함께 다량의 유증기가 발생하였고, 유증기가 발생된 모든 조건에 대하여 자연발화 여부는 확인할 수 없었다.