• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.96-100
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• 2003

평면형 자심재료용으로 응용하기 위한 Mn-Zn 페라이트에서 저손실 조성의 전자기적 특성과 분위기 조건에 따른 특성변화를 관찰하였다. $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ : MnO : ZnO 의 물비가 53 : 36 : 11 일 때, 가장 우수한 특성을 나타내었으며, $SiO_{2}$와 CaO는 입계 저항층 형성을 통한 손실은 감소시키고, 이로 인해 성능지수는 증가하여 100kHz ~ 200kHz 범위에서 최대값을 나타내어 전자기적 효율이 극대화되었다. 산소분압의 제어는 승온과정부터 산소분압을 제어시켜주어야만 Zn-loss 현상의 증가와 $Fe^{2+}$이온 농도의 감소 및 $Fe^{2+}-Fe^{3+}$ 이온간의 호핑(hoping)현상 등에 의한 손실을 최소화 할 수 있으며, 높은 투자율을 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 소결 또는 냉각 중 평형 산소분압이 유지되지 못하면 다량의 결함이 출현하게 되고, 특히 $600^{\circ}C$이하에서 스피넬 상의 분해-산화반응이 일어나면서 미세구조 상에 결함으로 남게 되어 전자기적 특성이 저하되었다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 1990

본 논문은 저손실 Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트 제조에 관하여 연구한 것이다. Mn-Zn-Fe 페라이트는 16mol% Xno, 31mol% MnO 및 53mol% Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$로 조성하였으며 0.1wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1%wt% CaO 0.05% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% SiO$_{2}$ 및 0.05wt% $Na_{2}$SiO$_{3}$ 0.1% CaO 0.05wt% $Al_{2}$O$_{3}$를 미량 첨가하였다. 그리고 하소와 분쇄과정을 거친 분말은 충진성을 높이기 위하여 과립화하였다. 소결 1250, 1300 및 1350.deg.C에서 이루어졌고, 평형 산소분압은 소오킹 시 PO$_{2}$는 6%부터 시작하여 점차 감소시켰으며 900.deg.C에서 순수한 질소 분위기로 냉각시켰다. 초투자율, 손실계수 및 고유저항 등의 자기적인 특성은 1300.deg.C에서 소결했을 경우의 것이 가장 우수하였다. 즉, 초투자율은 2*$10^{3}$~$10^{3}$의 높은 값을 얻을 수 있었으며 tan.delta./.mu.i값은 100KHz~ 400KHz의 고파수대에서 9*10$_{-6}$~21*10$_{-6}$이었으며 고유저항 값은 485~680 .OMEGA.-cm의 높은 값을 나타내어 중간주파수대의 자심재료에 적합한 페라이트임을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2016

The powder core, conventionally fabricated from iron particles coated with insulator, showed large eddy current loss under high frequency, because of small specific resistance. To overcome the eddy current loss, the increase in the specific resistance of powder cores was needed. In this study, copper oxide coating onto electrically conductive iron particles was performed using a planetary ball mill to increase the specific resistance. Coating factors were optimized by the Response surface methodology. The independent variables were the CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, coating time, ball size, ball mass and sample mass. The response variable was the specific resistance. The optimization of six factors by the fractional factorial design indicated that CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, and coating time were the key factors. The levels of these three factors were selected by the three-factors full factorial design and steepest ascent method. The steepest ascent method was used to approach the optimum range for maximum specific resistance. The Box-Behnken design was finally used to analyze the response surfaces of the screened factors for further optimization. The results of the Box-Behnken design showed that the CuO mass fraction and mill revolution number were the main factors affecting the efficiency of coating process. As the CuO mass fraction increased, the specific resistance increased. In contrast, the specific resistance increased with decreasing mill revolution number. The process optimization results revealed a high agreement between the experimental and the predicted data ($Adj-R^2=0.944$). The optimized CuO mass fraction, mill revolution number, and coating time were 0.4, 200 rpm, and 15 min, respectively. The measured value of the specific resistance of the coated pellet under the optimized conditions of the maximum specific resistance was $530k{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.246-250
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• 2003

The electromagnetic properties of Ni$\_$0.8/Zn$\_$0.2/Fe$_2$O$_4$ having stable characteristics in high frequency range were investigated as functions of Bi$_2$O$_3$, CaO contents. Power loss increased in proportion to the amount of Bi$_2$O$_3$ up to 0.3 wt％ and decreased over 0.3 wt％. Also, permeability increased with Bi$_2$O$_3$ contents. The lowest power loss and highest resonance frequency were obtained to the specimens added Bi$_2$O$_3$ of 0.7wt％ and CaO of 0.3 wt％ due to creation of resistivity layers in the grain boundaries originated by the solid solution of Bi$_2$O$_3$ and CaO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.652-655
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• 2001

Power transformers are increasingly becoming more significant in the advancement of electronic equipment. A high-performance, low-cost core material is necessary in order th come up with power transformers in the smallest and lightest scale possible and with low power requirements. In this study, we added V$_2$O$_{5}$ and CaCo$_3$to Mn-Zn ferrite to produce a high-performance low-cost core material. The compositions used were MnO : ZnO : Fe$_2$O$_3$= 37 : 11 : 52 mol%. The materials were sintered at 125$0^{\circ}C$ for three hours. Initial permeability was measured at 0.1MHz. At 200mT, power loss was measured by changing the temperature at 25KHz, 50KHz, 100KHz. When we added 0.lwt% and 0.1%wt% of V$_2$O$_{5}$와 CaCo$_3$, respectively we obtained 405 405KW/㎥ at 200mT, 100KHz, 6$0^{\circ}C$. We tan reduce eddy current loss as a primary loss of high frequency by adding a small amount of V$_2$O$_{5}$와 CaCo$_3$. This reduces power loss in the power transformersormers

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.19-22
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• 2004

The resonant planar transformer, which had power capacity of 300 W, input voltage of 220 V, output voltage of 15 V, and switching frequency of 500 kHz, was designed and manufactured by using the planar core with large effective area and the flat copper lead frames for miniaturization and high efficiency of the switching mode power supply (SMPS). As well as, a resonant converter equipped with the above mentioned planar transformer was manufactured and electromagnetic characteristics were investigated. The numerical value of turns for 1st and 2nd winding were 12 and 2 respectively. The self inductance of 1st winding was 33.2 ${\mu}H$, very low leakage inductance of 1.27 ${\mu}H$, and the coupling factor of 0.98 were obtained at switching frequency of 300 kHz. The high efficiency of 88.21 % for the SMPS equipped with planar transformer was obtained at power capacity of 300 W.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.292-297
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• 2015

In this paper, we reported the bypass unit for ship area networks in order to detour the communication failure regions and poor communication links. The device was composed of three parts of circuits for power cut-off, protection, and coupling transformer. Since the coupling transformer exerts a dominant influence on the performance of the by-pass unit, we have tried to find the optimal magnetic core materials and its dimensions. The prototype was passed through the performance test of insertion loss, temperature, and vibration characteristics. The insertion loss was around -2 dB in the range of 90 kHz ~ 30 MHz and the average communication speed was 59.2 Mbps in the laboratory. A pilot communication test using the developed tool was conducted in the training ship of the Korea Maritime and Ocean University. As a results of experiment, we showed that the wired communication among the heterogeneous-links in the ship area networks are possible by the bypass unit and also a high speed communication services are available in ~ Mbps by using a power-line.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

The annealing-temperature dependence of magnetic properties in compressed powder cores being composed of ball-milled F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powders (size 250∼850${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and 5 wt% of ceramic insulators has been investigated. When annealed at 5$50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and so transformed to $\alpha$-Fe phase nanocrystalline structure with the grain size of 11 nm (electrical resistivity : 110 $\mu$Ω$.$cm), the highest effective permeability of 125 and quality factor of 53 were obtained, and the permeability persisted up to about 500 KHz. Further the core loss measured at the frequency of 50 KHz and the induction amplitude of 0.1 T was very low (230 mW/㎤). However the dc bias characteristics was not satisfactory as compared to that of conventional powder core materials(MPP, Sendust etc.). The inferior dc bias property of F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powder cores was attributed to the fact that the size of powder was too large for obtaining the same permeability with that of conventional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.191-195
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• 2000

With the object of developing a non-gap choke core, effects of annealing in oxygen atmosphere on magnetic properties for Fe$_{78}$Si$_{9}$B$_{13}$ amorphous alloy were investigated. After annealing for 2 hrs at 440 $^{\circ}C$, optimum magnetic properties for choke core were obtained, where the effective permeability was 180 and was almost constant up to several MHz, and the decrease in permeability upon large DC bias current of 12 A or DC bias magnetic field of 8,000 A/m was very little. Moreover the AC magnetic loss was very low as compared to the conventional choke cores. Upon the optimum annealing, the magnetic hysteresis loop was inclined accompanying the increase of coercive force and the appearance of fine crystallites of $\alpha$-Fe phase. The good choke core properties was considered to be due to the suppression of domain boundary motion and domain refinement by the crystallites.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 1998

Fabrication condition and magnetic properties of ultrathin Co-based amorphous alloy have been investigated. When the ejection gas pressure was lower than 0.05 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at the roll speed of 55 m/s, ultrathin ribbons with the thickness less than 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were successfully obtained. The ribbon thickness decreased linearly with the decrease in ejection pressure. Moreover the significant decrease in ribbon width was accompanied with the decrease of thickness in the range of ejection pressure to form an ultrathin ribbon. This behavior was attributed to the decrease of effective ejection pressure in the both end-sides of rectangular nozzle due to the larger friction between molten metal and nozzle wall. The effective permeability at low frequency (1 kHz) decreased largely with the decrease in ribbon thickness, while the coercive force increased with the thickness decrease. It was considered that these behaviors were due to the enhancement of surface effect leading to the suppression of wall motion. However effective permeability at high frequency (1 MHz) increased with the decrease in ribbon thickness, and this was ascribed to the easier magnetization rotation owing to the reduction of eddy current.