• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.669-680
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• 2001

Genetic Algorithms are optimization algorithm that mimics biological evolution to solve optimization problems. Genetic algorithms provide an alternative to traditional optimization techniques by using directed random searches to locate optimal solutions in complex fitness landscapes. Hybrid genetic algorithm that is combined with local search called learning can sustain the balance between exploration and exploitation. The genetic traits that each individual in the population learns through evolution are transferred back to the next generation, and when this learning is combined with genetic algorithm we can expect the improvement of the search speed. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based Cellular Learning with accelerated learning capability for function optimization. Proposed Cellular Learning strategy is based on periodic and convergent behaviors in cellular automata, and on the theory of transmitting to offspring the knowledge and experience that organisms acquire in their lifetime. We compared the search efficiency of Cellular Learning strategy with those of Lamarckian and Baldwin Effect in hybrid genetic algorithm. We showed that the local improvement by cellular learning could enhance the global performance higher by evaluating their performance through the experiment of various test bed functions and also showed that proposed learning strategy could find out the better global optima than conventional method.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 2003

Scrotal measurements and semen production records of 19,742 during 7 years from 63 Hanwoo breeding bulls(6${\sim}$7 years of age) were used to determined the relationship between scrotal circumference(SC) and semen production including concentration and total number of sperm. The average of SC is 41.2$\pm$4.54cm; extreme ranges between a low of 34cm to a high of 48cm. Quantity of semen, concentration and total number of sperm are 5.47$\pm$0.89ml/ejaculation, 16.16${\pm}2.78{\times}10^8$/ml and 88.47${\pm}15.24{\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen production(0.14 with quantity of semen and 0.15 with total number of sperm). Reproduction data from 16 breeding bulls produced 1,289 offspring from spring 1993 to spring 2000 to examined relationship between SC and reproduction. Rate of fertility and delivery are 0.80$\pm$0.13 and 0.78$\pm$0.15, respectively. Also, SC is positively correlated with delivery rate(r=0.26) and favorably related to fertility rate(r=0.39). These results, that is, - SC correlates positively with semen production and with reproduction -, suggested that SC should be considered when selecting breeding bull.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2017

Sustainable development is important because the ultimate objective is efficient development combining the economic, social, and environmental aspects of urban conservation. Despite Korea's rapid urbanization and economic development, the distribution of resources is inefficient, and land-use is not an exception. Land use distribution is difficult, as it requires considering a variety of purposes, whose solutions lie in a multipurpose optimization process. In this study, Yangpyeong-eup, Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do, is selected, as the site has ecological balance, is well-preserved, and has the potential to support population increases. Further, we have used the genetic algorithm method, as it helps to evolve solutions for complex spatial problems such as planning and distribution of land use. This study applies change to the way of mutation. With four goals and restrictions of area, spatial objectives, minimizing land use conversion, ecological conservation, maximizing economic profit, restricting area to a specific land use, and setting a fixed area, we developed an optimal planning map. No urban areas at the site needed preservation and the high urban area growth rate coincided with the optimization of purpose and maximization of economic profit. When the minimum point of the fitness score is the convergence point, we found optimization occurred approximately at 1500 generations. The results of this study can support planning at Yangpyeong-eup.ausative relationship between the perception of improving odor regulation and odor acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 1978

The young cells of Clostridiunm saccaroperbutylacetonicum were rapidly autolysed by exposing them to the hypertonic solution of sucrose(0.3-0.6M) without any other supplement to decompose the rigid cell wall. The cells were converted into the spherical cells by lysis. The spherical cells had following properties: (1) they were absent in the cell wall and osmotically fragile. (2) they were stabilized in the existence of 0.4M sucrose and 5mM $MgSO_4$ (3) they were resistant against adsorption of phage particles. (4) they allowed infection of the isolated phage DNA and produced progeny phage particles. (5) they were able to biosynthesize their macromolecules for a few hours according to a balanced manner of biosynthesis. (6) they were able to produce the bacteriocin particles by mitomycin C treatment. (7) they were unable to multiply. These results were all in the level of typical properties of bacterial protoplasts. It was apparent that the spherical cells formed by lysis occcurring by treatment with hypertonic sucrose were protoplasts.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9C
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• pp.939-948
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• 2005

In EBCOT, the context extraction process takes excessive calculation time and this paper proposed a method to reduce this calculation time. That is, if a coefficient is less than a pre-defined threshold value the coefficient and its descendents skip the context extraction process. There is a trade-off relationship between the calculation time and the image quality or the amount of output data such that as this threshold value increases, the calculation time and the amount of output data decreases, but the image degradation increases. Therefore, by deciding this threshold value according to the network environments or conditions, it is possible to establish a network-adaptive context extraction method. The experimental results showed that the range of the threshold values for acceptable image quality(better than 30dB) is from 0 to 4. The experimental results showed that in this range the Resulting reduction rate in calculation time was from $3\%\;to\;64\%$ in average, the reduction rate in output data was from $32\%$ to $73\%$ in average, which means that large reduction in calculation time and output data can be obtained with a cost of an acceptable image quality degradation. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to be used efficiently in the application area such as the real-time image/video data communication in wireless environments, etc.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

The pedigree data of 86,639 heads from six major swine breeding farms were investigated to check levels of inbreeding and effective population size of breeding stocks. The average rate of inbreeding was 1.04%, 0.87%, 3.17%, 1.05%, 3.23% and 3.33% for farms A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively. The average inbreeding rate was highest for F farm and lowest for B farm. In farms D and E, there were quite large numbers of immigrant animals per generation compared to other farms. The effective population sizes calculated from the average rate of inbreeding were distributed between 83.0 and 814.8. Specific values were 282.3, 225.5, 83.0, 814.8, 302.9 and 175.7 for farms A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively. The results showed that there was no cause for concern over the current inbreeding level of major swine breeding farm populations and the inbreeding level was within an acceptable range. In addition, internal sharing rather than importing pig is necessary to strengthen seed sovereignty.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 1996

DNA polymorphisms were analyzed for 8 clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). The insect has different host preferences and was even classified into two different species, M. persicae Sulzer and Myzus nicotinae Blackman by their morphological characters, but this point is still in arguement. To identify the differences between two types of the green peach aphid by RAPD-PCR, the template DNA was extracted from 4 clones each of tobacco-feeding and non-tobacco-feeding forms and one hundred primers of 10-nucleotideslong were tested in PCR. The amplified DNAs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Eighty-three primers gave amplified DNA fragments with 1 to 22 in number and 500 to 20,000 base pairs in length, but no amplification was observed in the other 17 primers. The average number of fragment per each amplification was about 13. In the case of 82 out of 83 random primers, band patterns of amplified DNA were identical among 8 clones, even though some differences were noticed in the intensity of specific bands. Polymorphism was detected by only one primer within the tobacco-feeding forms, but not between the two host types. The results did not detect any relationship between RAPD polymorphism and their host preference.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2013

Bovine coat color is decided by the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) genotype mutation and melanogenesis. Specially, in the various cattle breeds, dominant black coat color is expressed by dominant genotype of $E^D$, red or brown is expressed in the frame shift mutation of recessive homozygous e by base pair deletion and wild type of $E^+$ is expressed in various coat colors. However, not very well known about the effected of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color through family lines in KBC. Therefore, this study were to investigate effect of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color, and to suggest mating breed system in accordance with of MC1R genotype for increased on brindle coat color appearance. Parents (sire 2 heads and dam 3 heads) and offspring (total : 54 heads) from crossbreeding in KBC family line with the MC1R genotype and phenotype records were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes expression verified by PCR-RFLP, and brindle coat color appearance to the family line of the cross mating breed from MC1R genotype pattern was determined. As a result, 4MC1R genetic variations, $E^+/E^+$ (sire 1), $E^+/e$ (sire 2 and dam 3), $E^+/e$ with 4 bands of 174, 207 and 328 bp (dam 1) and $E^+/e$ with 3 bands of 174, 207, 328 and 535 bp (dam 2) from parents (sire and dam) of KBC. However, 3 genetic variations, e/e (24%), $E^+/E^+$ (22%) and $E^+/e$ (56%) were identified in offspring. Also, brindle coat color expressrated was the e/e with the 0%, $E^+/E^+$ with 67% and $E^+/e$ with 77% from MC1R genotype in offspring on the cross mating of KBC. Furthermore, when the sire had $E^+/e$ genotype and the dam had $E^+/E^+$ with the 3 bands or $E^+/e$ genotype, and both had whole body-brindle coat color, 62% of the offspring had whole body-brindle coat color. Therefore, the seresults, the mating system from MC1R genotype patterns of the sires ($E^+/e$) and dams ($E^+/E^+$ with the 3 bands or $E^+/e$) with brindle coat color may have the highest whole body-brindle coat color expression in their offspring.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

In order to analyze the life cycle of A. artemisiifolia var. elation dormancy and some environmental factors inducing germination of the seeds were examined. The results were as follows : Dormancy of fertile seeds was broken in part within a month after seed collection in case of adequate moisture and alternating temperature was also effective in breaking dormancy. The temperature range, which allow germination was 12℃ ∼ 32℃. Optimum temperature for germination was 24℃. The seed of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior was light-independent. The difference of storage period appeared to have no particular effect on the viability of seeds at any time during the 9-month storage period. In the increasing temperature(IT) regime, A artemisiifolia var. elatior seeds started to germinate at 16℃, showing the higher temperature the greater germination rate, the final germination percentage was 99.34%. On the other hand, in the decresing temperature(DT) regime, seeds began to germinate at 20℃ with the 1.34% germination. An induced dormancy occurred at 12℃ making the 5.34% fecal germination in the DT regime. Low temperature was more effective to break dormancy than higher temperature Seeds of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior seems to be germinated in mid to late autumn or germination delayed until following spring. The above results suggest these variation of germination response in diverse environmental factors seems to be a physiological strategy to maintain their existence and to reproduce in the extreme thermal variation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2020

This study inferred the ecology of habitat use of the wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Yeongwol Hanbando wetland through DNA analysis using non-invasive samples of hairs. From November 2018 to May 2019, hair samples were collected from rubbing trees and hairtraps within the Hanbando wetland (2.772 ㎢). We extracted DNA from the hair samples and conducted PCR to verify the species and identify sex of the individuals. In addition we analysed 6 microsatellite markers to identify individuals and genetic relationship among the pairs of individuals. A total of 16 boar hairs were sampled, which turned out to be from 10 individual (7 females and 3 males) boars. We found that 9 pairs, out of 45 possible pairs, were most likely to be relatives. The result from kinship data and the location of the sampled hairs suggest that wild boars in this area live as family groups that consist of a mother and her offspring, which is consistent with known habits of wild boars. It is needed to include more samples and microsatellite markers for better precise estimation of kinship among the boar individuals.