• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The objectives of this paper are to overview present status of soil pollution in Korea, to review the current policies and management strategies for soil pollution prevention and remediation of contaminated sites, and to suggest some recommendations to be considered toward more efficient policies. Soils in Korea are contaminated mainly by industrial facilities, landfills, underground storage tanks, abandoned/inactive mines, military camps, and other sources. Concentrations of most of soil pollutants were similar to the background levels, except for a few heavily contaminated sites such as industrial sites or abandoned/inactive mines. The Soil Environment Conservation Act (SECA), which was effective from 1995, provides a comprehensive legal framework for both preventing soil pollution and remedying contaminated sites in Korea. The Act includes various management policies such as the designation of standards and soil pollution policy area, soil monitoring networks, management of suspected contamination sources, and extended 'polluter-pays' principle. To make current policies more efficient and reasonable, some policies or strategies such as the establishment of national priority list, more detailed standards, risk-based cleanup goal, fund raise, soil erosion problem, and finally, integrity between soil and groundwater management frameworks may need to be pursued in the long term.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.779-790
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• 1997

The Association between myofascial pain syndrome and some tests was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 904 female telephone operators using video display terminals(VDTs). 105 cases were diagnosed as Myofascial pain syndrome with symptom questionnaire, laboratory examination and physician's physical examination and 550 controls were defined to show only musculoskeletal symptoms using NIOSH symptom criteria. Data on demographics, musculoskeletal symptom and visual analogue scale(VAS) were obtained by questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, pressure pain threshold, Grip & Pinch strength and laboratory test were conducted. No significant difference between case and control at comparing of demographics, occupational history and body measurements were observed. But, Grip strength, pressure pain threshold and VAS showed the statistical difference between case and controt. Age, pressure pain threshold of Rt. Upper trapezius and VAS were associated with myofascial pain syndrome in multivariate logistic regression analysis. This results suggest that, to diagnose of myofascial pain syndrome, the consideration of the objective aspects among patients' subjective symptom complaints through the VAS and pressure pain threshold is required.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to preserve the corticospinal tract during surgery and assess more accurately the motor performance in brain tumor patients around the motor cortex. TceMEP is not entirely reliable, even though there has been no change in waveforms due to a mixture of false positive and false negative signals. For a more detailed examination, DCS was employed to selectively stimulate the motor cortex. In both cases, the indications could find the region to which the cortex was responsible, and constantly check and examine the changes in amplitude, thereby preserving the motor pathway and performing surgery. On the other hand, patients who did not implement the DCS but did implement the TceMEP experienced a decrease in their postoperative motor performance. DCS is a very useful examination and it is a method that can reduce the post-surgery disorder that may occur in patients with the TceMEP in brain tumor surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.435-455
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the publication, composition, method of composition, and acceptance patterns of JujaDaejeon anthologies edited by Joseon scholars in the Joseon dynasty. When a large amount of JujaDaejeon was published in the 16^th century, anthologies of JujajaDaejeon was compiled, published and learned as a way to understand it. A total of 13 kinds of JujajaDaejeon anthologies were published, including six kinds in the early Joseon period and seven kinds in the late Joseon period. And the composition of main anthologies showed a trend that was supplemented by Jeong Gyeong-se's Jumunjakhae from Lee Hwang's Jujaseojeolyo, and aggregated into Song Si-yeol's Jeoljaktongpyeon(boyu). JujaDaejeon consists of total 3,645 works except for poems. Among them, 1,734 works were selected by 13 anthologies. The theme of a work with a high cumulative number of selections is the virtue and attitude of the king, policy proposals, the appointment of talent, the duty of subjects, criteria for evaluating historical figures, opposition to harmony with Jin and territorial restoration, and academic discussions. This study is expected to be meaningful in the field of the research on the acceptance of the foreign books and acceptance of the Zhu Xi's works in the Joseon dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2005

The purpose of the paper Is to discuss and estimate early Popper's theory of probability, which is presented in his book, The Logic of of Scientific Discovery. For this, Von Mises' frequency theory shall be discussed in detail, which is regarded as the most systematic and sophisticated frequency theory among others. Von Mises developed his theory to response to various critical questions such as how finite and empirical collectives can be represented in terms of infinite and mathematical collectives, and how the axiom of randomness can be mathematically formulated. But his theory still has another difficulty, which is concerned with the inconsistency between the axiom of convergence and the axiom of randomness. Defending the objective theory of probability, Popper tries to present his own frequency theory, solving the difficulty. He suggests that the axiom of convergence be given up and that the axiom of randomness be modified to solve Von Mises' problem. That is, Popper introduces the notion of ordinal selection and neighborhood selection to modify the axiom of randomness. He then shows that Bernoulli's theorem is derived from the modified axiom. Consequently, it can be said that Popper solves the problem of inconsistency which is regarded as crucial to Von Mises' theory. However, Popper's suggestion has not drawn much attention. I think it is because his theory seems anti-intuitive in the sense that it gives up the axiom of convergence which is the basis of the frequency theory So for more persuasive frequency theory, it is necessary to formulate the axiom of randomness to be consistent with the axiom of convergence.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-256
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• 2017

In the process of site selection for a radioactive waste disposal, site characterization must be carried out to obtain input parameters to assess the safety and feasibility of deep geological repository. In this paper, methodologies of site characterization for radioactive waste disposal in Korea were suggested based on foreign cases of site characterization. The IAEA recommends that site characterization for radioactive waste disposal should be performed through stepwise processes, in which the site characterization period is divided into preliminary and detailed stages, in sequence. This methodology was followed by several foreign countries for their geological disposal programs. General properties related to geological environments were obtained at the preliminary site characterization stage; more detailed site characteristics were investigated during the detailed site characterization stage. The results of investigation of geology, hydro-geology, geochemistry, rock mechanics, solute transport and thermal properties at a site have to be combined and constructed in the form of a site descriptive model. Based on this site descriptive model, the site characteristics can be evaluated to assess suitability of site for radioactive waste disposal. According to foreign site characterization cases, 7 or 8 years are expected to be needed for site characterization; however, the time required may increase if the no proper national strategy is provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.7 no.1 s.24
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

It is very difficult to forecast accurately a damage from the natural disaster which occurs frequently due to the climate change. When the significant weather event is forecast, it will be able to minimize a damage with the suitable prevention action. But 2000's our country meterological disaster damage is a several trillion won. Therefore, this paper analyzes Korea Meterological Administration, Japan Meterological Agency, television and newspaper have reported, information substance, transmission system, an ex post facto valuation about typhoon Nabi between september $5{\sim}7$ in 2005 and heavy rainfall in 1998 at Japan. Through the investigation, we want to present basic data order to rises the application effect of disaster prevention meterological information. We think KMA must present many information report to promote a people's understanding about the meterological information and the serious disaster situation. Also the disaster damage estimation model development is necessary, which forecasts the accurate damage scale due to the weather event, such as typhoon, heavy rainfall, strong wind. And also we think the KMA, National Emergency Management Agency, related agency, television and newspaper must positive reports the contents which is suitable to disaster response phases and an ex post facto examination. Then it grasps the problem of disaster prevention meterological information and must improve effectively.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

The person Re-identification is the most challenging part of computer vision due to the significant changes in human pose and background clutter with occlusions. The picture from non-overlapping cameras enhance the difficulty to distinguish some person from the other. To reach a better performance match, most methods use feature selection and distance metrics separately to get discriminative representations and proper distance to describe the similarity between person and kind of ignoring some significant features. This situation has encouraged us to consider a novel method to deal with this problem. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced recurrent neural network with three-tier hierarchical network for person re-identification. Specifically, the proposed recurrent neural network (RNN) model contain an iterative expectation maximum (EM) algorithm and three-tier Hierarchical network to jointly learn both the discriminative features and metrics distance. The iterative EM algorithm can fully use of the feature extraction ability of convolutional neural network (CNN) which is in series before the RNN. By unsupervised learning, the EM framework can change the labels of the patches and train larger datasets. Through the three-tier hierarchical network, the convolutional neural network, recurrent network and pooling layer can jointly be a feature extractor to better train the network. The experimental result shows that comparing with other researchers' approaches in this field, this method also can get a competitive accuracy. The influence of different component of this method will be analyzed and evaluated in the future research.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray finding according to positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. Methods: Twenty-two people who get $33.09{\pm}10.73$ as average were evaluated by leg length analysis and X-ray findings. After measuring innominate measurement(IM), femur head line. distance between S2 and posterior superior iliac spine(PSIS). ilium shadow measurement(ISM), major axis of obturator foramen(MaF), minor axis of obturator foramen(MiF) and distance between off centering measurement and symphysis pubis, those were analyzed. Results: 1. In assessment of posterior rotation malposition ilium(PI), it was showed the best coincidence between leg length analysis and X-ray analyzed by 1M in supine position(11 cases, 50.5%). 2. In assessment of inflare, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good($4.00{\pm}3.03$ cases, $18.15{\pm}13.82%$). And leg length analysis were not sensitive. 3. On the whole, coincidence index between leg length analysis and X-ray were not good(best: 1 case, 45.5%; worst: 11 cases, 50.0%). Conclusions: Results form this investigation showed the relationship of leg length analysis and X-ray according 10 positions and valuation bases on diagnosis of pelvic malpositions. This results are expected to contribute to establish method of assessment in diagnosis of pelvic malpositions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.693-703
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• 2009

The complex formation of anti-inflamatory drug piroxicam (PX, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2--pridyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxadiamide-1,1-dioxide) with transition metal ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in methanol(MeOH)/water binary mixtures were studied by spectrophotometric method at 25$^{\circ}C$, constant pH = 5.0 and I = 0.1 M. The computer program SQUAD was used to extract the desired information from the spectral data. The outputs of the fitting processes were stability constants, standard deviations of the estimated stability constants, concentration distribution diagrams and spectral profiles of all species. The sequence of the stability constants of PX complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) follow the Cu(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II) ${\approx}$ Zn(II) order. This may be due to different geometry tendencies of these metal ions. The acidity constants of the PX were also determined under above condition from its absorption spectra at different pH values. The computer program DATAN was used for determination of acidity constants of PX. The validity of the obtained acidity constants was checked by a well known computer program SPECFIT/32. The effects of the different parameters like solvent nature, cations characteristics on the stability and acidity constants were thoroughly discussed.