• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 1998

To understand the tissue specific expression pattern of S RNase genes associated with self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum, two promoter regions of $S_{11}$ and $S_{12}$ RNase genes were compared. Homologous sequences between two S RNase gene promoters were found within 300 bp upstream of transcription start site. Moreover short direct repeat sequences within $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter existed in the vicinity of 350-500 bp upstream of transcription start site. To identify whether the unique promoter sequences of $S_{11}$ RNase gene confer the tissue specific expression, six deletion fragments for $S_{11}$ genomic gene promoter constructed by PCR were fused to $\beta$-glucuronidase gene, and introduced into various tissues of L. peruvianum by microprojectile bombardment. Transient expression assays indicated that $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter contained the positive and negative regulatory sequences, which can control the floral tissue-specific expression in L. peruvianum.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

A new Dianthus cultivar 'URI 2010-6' was selected among F1 progenies from a cross between interspecific hybrid 'Evergreen Emerald' as the seed parent and D. chinensis ' Ruby' as the pollen parent. In 2007, the cross w as made, and the seedlings of $F_1$ progenies were obtained and investigated. After three rounds of characteristic evaluation from 2008 to 2010, a clone was selected and registered as 'URI 2010-6' at the Korea Seed and Variety Service (plant variety protection number: 4431) in 2011. The flower of 'URI 2010-6' is caryophyllaceous, single type, and mainly bright red (Red, N79C) with secondary white (White, N155C) on the edge or as spots on the petal. The flower has diameter of 2.7 cm and length of 0.8 cm. This cultivar blooms continuously about 150 d on average and may be used as evergreen plant during winter months.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.771-779
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH), and antibacterial properties of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) extracts. Lotus leaves, stems, and seed pods were extracted with deionized water at $95^{\circ}C$, and with 70.5% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$. The TPC ranged from 8.12 to 215.12 GAE mg/g. The ethanol extract of the seed pod had the highest TPC, and the TPC of the corresponding deionized water extract was 161.45 mg/g. FRAP values ranged from 104.03 to $3,546.39TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, ABTS radical cation scavenging activities ranged from 105.11 to $3,956.94TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, and DPPH radical scavenging activities ranged from 37.29 to $2,549.46TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. $EC_{50}$ values ranged from 0.26 to 9.63 mg/mL, and 0.31 to 21.21 mg/mL for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. The ethanol and deionized water extracts of the seed pod showed higher TPC and stronger antioxidant properties (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH) than those of characteristic of the leaf extracts. The ethanol and deionized water extracts of the seed pod showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zones of 9.0 to 14.0 mm, and the ethanol extract of the leaf showed antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.0 and 10.0 mm, respectively. Thus, the lotus seed pod could be used to produce novel teas, and could be a potential source of therapeutic ingredients for food and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 2015

Morphology and characteristics of floral organ in highbush blueberry cultivars were studied to select suitable cultivars of highbush blueberry for domestic cultivation. The stamen consists an anther and a tape-like hairy filament with well-developed trichomes. When the anther was opened, the wall of anther was not dehiscent, and pollen grains were discharged into two tubes. Pollen was mature tetrad type without being separated after meiosis (Late March). The number of pollen granules per anther was 400~1,300, the germination rate was higher in the cultivars having many pollen grains. Pistil was composed of five carpels and a shipper without separate part. The number of ovules per ovary was 39~67, therefore, the coefficient of ranged from 11.6 to 31.0%. The seed pod formation by combination of ‘Bluejay’ and ‘Sharpblue’ was higher in the cross-pollination than in the self-pollination.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to characterize the inheritance of petal color, flower-eye color, flower shape, leaf variegation pattern, and leaf-end shape in Cyclamen persicum. The segregation of $F_2$ and backcross populations from crosses between inbred lines was tested for Mendelian inheritance mode. From four different combinations of crosses, it was found that the petal color was controlled by a single incomplete dominant gene. The other characters, flower-eye color, flower shape, leaf variegation pattern and leaf-end shape were confirmed to be controlled by single complete dominant genes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 1979

Peanut was cultured with varying planting density and sowing date with and without vinyl-film mulching. Vinyl-film mulching raised soil temperature 4.6$^{\circ}C$ higher than the non-mulched during April and early May, but later-on the soil temperature was similar between the two treatments. The ripening and slender grain ratio increased with closer spacing and earlier sowing. Compared with ordinary cultural practices of May 10th sowing without mulching the peanut yield increased by 9% by mulching sown May 10th, and by 49% by mulching and early sowing April 20th.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

Drilled sediment core was acquired from Jinheung catchment which was located at Jeollabuk-do Jeongeup city. Elements concentration variation were studied by neutron activation analysis using sediment core by divided 1 cm depth interval. The concentration of major element such as Na, K were increased but Fe was decrease with depth. Minimum elements concentration and particle size were observed at 17 cm depth. This depth was considered 1969 year which was great dry year recorded from the rain fall data and the sedimentation rate was calculated $0.197g{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}year^{-1}$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.201-210
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• 2000

Rock bridge in rock masses can be considered as one of several types of opening-mode fractures, and also it has been known to have a great influence on the stability of structures in rock mats. In the beginning of researching a rock bridge it used to be studied only in characteristics of its behavior, as considering resistance of material itself. However the distribution pattern of rock bridges, which can affect the stability of rock structures, is currently researched with a fracture mechanical approach in numerical studies. For investigating the effect of rock bridges on the development pattern of hydraulic fractures, the author analyzed numerically the stress state transition in rock bridges and their phenomena with a different pattern of the rock bridge distributons. From the numerical studies, a two-crack configuration could be defined to be representative of the most critical conditions for rock bridges, only when cracks are systematic and same in their length and angle. Moreover, coalescence stresses and onset of propagation stresses could be known to increase with decreasing s/L ratio or increasing d/L ratio. The effect of pre-existing crack on hydraulic fracturing was studied also in numerical models. Different to the simple hydraulic fracturing modeling in which the fractures propagated exactly parallel to the maximum remote stress, the hydraulic fractures with pre-existing cracks dial not propagate parallel to the maximum remote stress direction. These are representative of the tendency to change the hydraulic fractures direction because of the existence of pre-existing crack. Therefore s/L, d/L ratios will be identical as a function effective on hydraulic fractures propagation, that is, the $K_{I}$ vague increase with decreasing s/L ratio or increasing d/L ratio and its magnification from onset to propagation increases with decreasing s/L ratio. The scanline is a commonly used method to estimate the fracture distribution on outcrops. The data obtained from the scanline method can be applied to the evaluation of stress field in rock mass.s.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.447-456
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• 2000

Rock bridge in rock masses can be considered as one of several types of opening-mode fractures, and also it has been known to have a great influence on the stability of structures in rock mass. In the beginning of researching a rock bridge it used to be studied only in characteristics of its behavior, as considering resistance of material itself. However the distribution pattern of rock bridges, which can affect the stability of rock structures, is currently researched with a fracture mechanical approach in numerical studies. For investigating the effect of rock bridges on the development pattern of hydraulic fractures, the author analyzed numerically the stress state transition in rock bridges and their phenomena with a different pattern of the rock bridge distributions. From the numerical studies, a two-crack configuration could be defined to be representative of the most critical conditions for rock bridges, only when cracks are systematic and same in their length and angle. Moreover, coalescence stresses and onset of propagation stresses could be known to increase with decreasing s/L ratio or increasing d/L ratio. The effect of pre-existing crack on hydraulic fracturing was studied also in numerical models. Different to the simple hydraulic fracturing modeling in which the fractures propagated exactly parallel to the maximum remote stress, the hydraulic fractures with pre-existing cracks did not propagate parallel to the maximum remote stress direction. These are representative of the tendency to change the hydraulic fractures direction because of the existence of pre-existing crack. Therefore s/L, d/L ratios will be identical as a function effective on hydraulic fractures propagation, that is, the K$_1$ value increase with decreasing s/L ratio or increasing d/L ratio and its magnification from onset to propagation increases with decreasing s/L ratio. The scanline is a commonly used method to estimate the fracture distribution on outcrops. The data obtained from the scanline method can be applied to the evaluation of stress field in rock mass.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2003

We studies seed set in the interspecific F1 /backcross hybrids of Lilium species. In the interspecfic hybrid of L. longiflorum cv. Gelria with L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan,93％ fruit set was obtained by stigmatic pollination in comparison to 53％ from cut-style pollination. Accordingly, the number of seed set resulting from stigmatic and cut-style pollination was 147 and 53, respectively. Pollination o( both stigmatic and cut-style pollination resulted in 47％ fruit set in the hybrid of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina with L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan. However, stigmatic pollination formed 413 seeds, whereas only 24 seeds were obtained by cut-style pollination in this cross. The hybrid of L.${\times}$ fomolongi cv. Raizan with L. longiflorum cv. Come set 40％ fruit with a total of 43 seeds by stigmatic pollination. However, no fruit set was observed in cut-style pollination in this hybrid. Backcrossing the F1 hybrid by cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid cv. Chicago with the latter parent led to 53％ fruit set, and 109 embryos were obtained. Likewise, backcrossing following cut-style pollination of L. longiflorum cv. Lorina ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid cv. Corsia with the latter parent formed 67％ fruits and 107 embryos. However, in the remaining interspecific hybrids, cut-style pollination set no fruit.