• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.673-676
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 네트워크 트래픽 분석은 물론 자원을 관리하고 서버 및 특정 서비스에 대하 분석 자료를 제공하는 통합 시스템을 자바 언어로 구현하였다. SNMP 지원 모듈과 TCPdump 모듈, 그리고 시스템 관리 명령 모듈 등을 이용하여 구성 관리, 성능 관리, 장애 관리 및 시스템 자원 관리와 같은 상세 정보의 제공과 함에 다양한 자료 수집과 통계 분석을 통해 상세 보고서를 생성한다. 뿐만 아니라, 관리 대상 범위를 도메인 별로 구분하여 자료 수집을 독립시킴으로써 관리를 위한 트래픽이 전체 네트워크에 영향을 미치지 않도록 설계하였고, 실시간 모니터링은 물론 DB 에 최소화된 자료를 유지함으로써 네트워크 및 시스템에 대한 영속적인 관리 및 통계가 가능하도록 하여 운영의 항구성과 안정성, 분석의 정확성과 일치성, 사용의 편의성과 효용성을 제공하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.310-310
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• 2018

Generally, precipitation measurement were conducted with various authrities. Among these, the MOLIT conduct the hydrological survey for the water resource management such as flood and low-flow forecasting, drought countermeasure, streamflow management. There is totally 424 observatory were existed and each precipitation measurement were obtained and quality assuranced with 10-min interval. It could be arranged or estimated with nearby observatory and radar reflectivity when the total amount of precipitation are existed. The objective of the study is therefore to suggest the method to estimate missing data with rain radar reflectivity. To validate suggested method, 50 observartory were obtained, and the efficiency were analyzed with estimated and observed precipitation. As the result of the study, the suggested method has reliability, and can be used as a method for quality assurance.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.379
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

2-부톡시에탄올(2-butoxyethanol)에 대한 생물학적 노출지수 설정에 필요한 자료는 상당수 존재한다. 다양한 실험실 및 직업적 현장연구는 2-butoxyethanol에 노출된 후 소변에서 butoxyacetic acid의 배설을 조사하여 생물학적 노출지수를 구축할 데이터베이스를 제공하였다. 실험실 연구는 작업시간 동안보다는 짧은 시간을 노출시킨다. 휴식 중에 실시한 실험 자료들을 20ppm에 8시간 노출로 외삽하면 작업시작 종료 시점의 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid의 농도가 각각 192, 272, 190 mg/g creatinine이었다. 작업부하 30 watts와 50 watts의 연구 결과를 외삽하면 각각 304 butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine과 313 butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine이었다. 작업현장 연구는 소변을 가수분해시킨 후 총 butoxyacetic acid의 검출 범위가 광범위할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 외삽의 결과는 일반적으로 1ppm 미만의 노출에서 나온 것이라는 점에 유의해야 한다. 피부 흡수의 가능성과 2-butoxyethanol의 상대적으로 낮은 휘발성을 감안할 때 현장 연구에서는 피부 경로가 흡입 연구보다 더 중요할 수 있다. 따라서 현장 조사는 휴식을 취한 자원봉사자를 대상으로 실시한 흡입 연구와 비교하면 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 농도를 과대평가하는 경향이 있다. 활용 가능한 시뮬레이션 연구에서 휴식 시 2-butoxyethanol의 TLV-TWA 20ppm에 8시간 전신(흡입과 피부) 노출되는 경우 가수분해된 총 butoxyacetic acid가 210 mg/g creatinine이 예상되고 작업부하 50 watts에서는 373 mg/g creatinine이 예측된다. 50 watts의 작업량으로 20ppm에서 8시간 노출되는 경우 생물학적 노출지수(BEI)는 약 400 mg/g creatinine일 것이다. 그러나 생물학적 노출지수는 외삽에 대한 불확실성, 심각한 피부 노출 및 작업장 노출평가 자료의 부족을 반영하여 200 mg butoxyacetic acid/g creatinine으로 설정하였다. 인용한 자료들의 한계에도 불구하고 자원 봉사자 연구와 시뮬레이션 연구의 자료들이 일치성이 있었다. 연구에 따르면 butoxyacetic acid는 측정 가능한 양으로 존재하며 작업 교대 중에 검출될 수 있는 충분한 시간의 반감기를 가지고 있다. Sakai 등의 연구 자료와 일부 모델링 자료에서 노출농도가 높은 경우 주중에 약간의 축적 가능성을 보고하였지만 작업장에서 일반적으로 노출되는 농도 범위에서는 누적이 예상되지 않으며 작업 종료 후에 소변시료를 채취하는 것이 바람직하다. 대다수의 연구에서 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 농도 수준의 개인 간 다양성을 보고하였다. 또한 대부분의 작업현장 연구에서는 2-butoxyethanol의 주변 환경 농도수준과 소변 중 butoxyacetic acid 수준에 유의한 상관관계를 발견하지 못하였다. 상호 연관성이 결여된 원인은 대부분 피부 노출의 영향으로 추정하였다. 개인 보호 장갑을 착용한 근로자들에게서는 유의한 상관관계가 발견되었다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.711-726
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate how congruently the learning objectives of Earth Science I textbooks match the 2009 revised Earth Science curriculum. For this purpose, we classified the learning objectives of curriculum and textbooks were into three factors including ability, cross-cutting concepts, and behavioral verbs. The text data were analyzed using the semantic network analysis method. The results are as follows. The learning objectives of textbooks with regard to ability factors mainly emphasized the cognitive and affective domain. In addition, the ability of inquiry performance was emphasized in the learning objective of the curriculum. The textbooks used various sub-frame of cross-cutting concepts in comparison with the curriculum. Both textbooks and curriculum used the term 'comprehension' the most as behavioral verbs. However, most behavioral verbs just remained at the level of cognitive system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-180
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine how perceived service quality, value congruence influences uncertainty avoidance, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, and in turn, provides insight for Korean banks when they penetrate into the Chinese marketplace. In so doing, this study conducts a survey on participants who are using banking services in the Changchun, Jinan, Guangzhou of Jilin Province, Shandong Province and Guangdong Province. The findings are as followed. First, Uncertainty avoidance plays an important mediating role in the relationship between perceived service quality and customer satisfaction, between value congruence and customer satisfaction. Uncertainty avoidance has a direct effect on customer satisfaction, but is significantly negative. Second, value congruence has a direct effect on uncertainty avoidance, but is significantly negative. Third, customer satisfaction has a direct effect on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 2004

As the necessity of such mobile wireless terminals as PDAs or Cellular phones drastically increases, the terminals play important role in various business areas. In this paper, a bidding system in mobile wireless environments is constructed. However, with many mobile wireless terminals modifying at the same time their (duplicated) bidding values for a given data item, data coherency for the data item becomes essential. Therefore, in this paper, a bidding system using SyncML data synchronization mechanism is proposed and constructed. SyncML is one of data synchronization mechanisms proposed by the SyncML Initiative, a consortium of mobile wireless mobile technology leaders for universal data synchronization. The bidding system is implemented and tested in LINUX, C++, and PocketPC 2000 emulator programming environments.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2009

It is desirable to use a monthly benchmarked construction indicator which contains the characteristics of statistical data in an annual survey in order to analyze the cyclical phenomenon of the construction activity. The benchmarked indicator is expected to improve the data quality in terms of accuracy, consistency, comparability, and completeness. In this paper, benchmarking methodologies of compiling monthly construction indicators arc researched by using a monthly prompt data holding short - term fluctuations and an annual survey data regarded as more accurate statistics than monthly data. The benchmarking is the methodology by which a high frequency data should he adjusted in order to hold the short-term and cyclical phenomena, and the long - term trend of two data groups with ensuring the consistency of an annual summation between a high frequency data and a low frequency data. This paper considered the numerical approach like pro rata distribution method, proportional Denton method, EFL or HP filter Benchmark - to - Indicator ratio method, and the model - based approach such as Chow and Lin method, $Fem{\acute{a}}ndez$ method. Also, the benchmarked construction indicators were estimated by early mentioned benchmarking methods with practical data, and these methods were empirically reviewed and compared. In case of construction indicators with severe seasonal fluctuations and irregulars, the numerical approach seemed to be performed more correctly than the model- based approach. Among numerical methods, the proportional Denton method used in general was a little nice. The HP filter Benchmark - to - Indicator ratio method may be considered with survey errors or measurement errors in an annual survey data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 2012

As competition increases, ski resort managers need to search for ways to attract previous visitors or to gain new visitors through word-of-mouth. This study examined the impact of skiers' perceived value, satisfaction and self-congruity on the revisit intention and the positive word-af-mouth intention. Total respondents were also segmented into a promotion-focus and prevention-focus individuals then later examined the differences in the effect of independent variables between groups in order to suggest a managerial direction that will enhance business competency of ski resorts. Results from regression analysis showed that all independent variables utilized in this study were good predictors of two dependent variables. Specially, satisfaction was a highly significant predictor. Promotion and prevention-focused individuals were also differed in evaluating the importance of independent variables for their revisit and word-of-mouth intention. It means that self-regulatory focus is an effective variable for segmentation. More specifically, satisfaction was the only variable influencing the revisit intention for promotion-focused individuals; whereas both satisfaction and self-congruity had significant effects on the revisit intention for prevention-focused individuals. All independent variables had significant effects on the word-of-mouth intention, except self-congruity for promotion-focused individuals. This research suggests several managerial implications on the findings based on the analysis and the characteristics of the visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-113
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify heat wave vulnerable areas and discuss spatial typology and policy directions through spatial coincidence analysis of heat wave damage. By utilizing the climate change vulnerability assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Spatial Statistics Comparison Analysis, this study examined cities, counties, and districts in South Korea for five years (2015-2019), including 2018, when the heat wave was most extreme. It was determined that the number of heat wave days (exposure) was the most impactful among various factors for heat wave vulnerability. Sensitivity and adaptive capacity to heat waves were found to vary according to regional characteristics. The relationship between heat wave vulnerability and damage was categorized into four types through spatial coherence. Hot to Hot and Cold to Cold types have a positive relationship between vulnerability and damage, while Hot to Cold and Cold to Hot types have a negative relationship. The findings suggest that since different types of regions have distinct characteristics and conditions, policies and research for improvement should be directed to address each region separately. This study may be used as basic data for establishing heat-related policies in the future, as it categorizes regions by considering both heat vulnerability and damage and examines the direction of response by type.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2004

현재. 미 연방도로부에서는 도로교통소음분석을 위한 예측모형 (TNM ＆ STAMINA)을 미 전 지역에 제공하고 있고, 이와 관련된 여러가지 연구논문들이 수행되고 있는바, 모델을 이용한 예측치와 실측치 간의 비교$.$분석 연구논문을 통하여 차이점이 존재하는 것을 증명하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구논문은 소음예측모형의 핵심자료로 사용될 수 있는 루이빌대(UofL) 회귀모형들을 차종별 (소형, 중형, 대형) 그리고 주별 (아리조나. 콜로라도, 조지아, 캔사스, 와싱톤)로 구분하여 그 차이점을 통계적으로 비교$.$분석$.$결론을 도출하였다. 그 결과 아리조나와 콜로라도(중대형)를 제외한 나머지 개별 State-specific데이터는 통계적으로 서로 다른 것으로 나타났다.