• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.35-51
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• 2002

This study investigated the expectations Of 186 Korean mothers regarding the self-regulatory behaviors of their l-to 5-year old child. A questionnaire for mothers was prepared which consists of nine categories identified in previous research : safety rules, personal property rules, interpersonal rules, food-related rules, independence requests, self-care rules, family routines, delay, manners, obedience rules, and academic skills and attitude. Data consisted of questionnaires completed by the mothers. Findings were that (1) mothers had high expectations regarding self-regulatory behaviors about safety and independence but low expectations regarding family routines and personal property self-regulation, (2) their expectations increased with age of child, (3) the pattern of expectations did not change with age, and (4) expectations were higher with lower educational background of the mother.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2007

This study examined the effects of parents' appearance-related parenting styles on children's adolescence and self-esteem by examining university students' appearance satisfaction. The results generated 3 different appearance-related parenting styles for fathers: indifference type (45.5%), conservative regulation type (32.0%) and appearance-pursuing type (22.5%), and three for mothers: opinion-respecting type (39.5%), conservative regulation type (32.6%) and appearance-pursuing type (27.9%). In addition, when the influence of parenting styles were compared based on children's self-esteem and their appearance satisfaction, male students' appearance satisfaction was affected more by their self-esteem than by parents' parenting styles. In comparison, female students' appearance satisfaction was influenced by parents' parenting styles. Specifically, appearance satisfaction and body satisfaction were high when the mother respected the children's opinions, and body satisfaction was rather low when the father was of appearance-pursuing. This result shows that parents need to respect their children's opinions on their appearance and guide them to find their own individuality in order to enhance the children's appearance satisfaction and self-esteem.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.11B
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• pp.700-708
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• 2007

This paper considers an incentive regulation in the telecommunications industry with respect to the sale of retail and access services. This regulation scheme induces the monopoly carrier who owns bottleneck facilities to adopt socially optimal outcomes when providing access and retail services. It is well known that upstream carriers can realize an integrated level of profit, without integration, by means of a two-part tariff. First, this paper introduces a framework for regulating an access and retail price combined with budget balancing. Second, this paper introduces two-part tariff (price discrimination) scheme for both access (upstream) and retail (downstream) services and discusses the resulting implications for incentive regulation when the regulator has incomplete information about cost functions. By imposing a self-selection mechanism, the regulator can induce firms to adopt socially optimal prices in both access and retail markets.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.27-47
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• 2008

불살생계를 제1계율로 내세우는 불교는 기본적으로 생명을 해치는 그 어떠한 행위도 용납하지 않는다. 따라서 원칙적인 입장에서는 사신(捨身) 행위에 해당하는 뇌사와 장기이식 등에 부정적인 입장을 견지한다. 그러나 현실적인 측면[적용의 융통주의]을 고려하면서도 본질적인 측면[원칙주의]을 간과하지 않는 불교의 자비와 중도주의적인 입장에 따른다면, 특수한 경우에 한해서 뇌사와 장기이식을 고려할 수도 있을 것이다. 즉 불교는 뇌사와 장기이식을 기본적으로 인정하지는 않지만, 자비의 원칙에 따라 어떤 상황에서는 엄격한 규제를 통한 제한적인 범위 내에서 뇌사와 장기이식을 허용할 수도 있다는 중도적인 입장을 취한다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.906-921
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• 2003

This paper discusses the price effects of local growth controls on the housing markets of California jurisdictions in the late 1980s empirically. Particularly, based on spatial econometric modeling, the study focuses on the homebuilding constrained by growth controls which is one of the price effects. The modeling produces the California-wide generalizable results, differentiates among the individual effects of various growth controls on homebuilding, and covers spatial effects. Thereby, this study intends to supplement the existing work on the price effects of growth controls. The modeling results find that restrictive residential zoning had the effect of significantly restricting housing construction in the late 1980s. On the other hand, urban growth boundaries had the effect of accommodating homebuilding. Population growth or housing permit caps and adequate public facility ordinances had no significant effects on housing construction.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.737-746
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• 2023

As the core infrastructure to lead technical innovation for the fourth industrial revolution, economic value and utilizations of radiowaves are increased rapidly. The objectives of this study are to recognize the growing trend of radio stations that transmit information using radiowaves, a limited resource of the country, and to propose developed plans for the radio stations operation system in line with the changing radio technology and use environment. To be specific, the detailed implementation procedures and methods of the system were derived in accordance with the government's plan to convert the complete inspection of radio stations into a SDoC(Self Declaration of Conformity) by the telco. SDoC is a policy that grants autonomy and responsibility for radio waves interference management to existing telecom operator recognized as having radio stations operating capabilities. It has significance in that the function of radio stations inspection, which is a representative technical regulation, is efficiently distributed to the government and the private sector. This study has significance in providing reference for expediting deregulation in the radiowaves management policy.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.497-513
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• 2014

Rate-of-return regulation where a regulator compensates the utilities based upon the cost incurred the regulated companies have the incentive to over-report cost level. However, in case of cost-based competition where a regulator knows the cost of each plant involved and induce the competition among them, one can encounter prisoner's dilemma situation in the short run where the regulated firms under-report cost level. For instance, in case of cost-based pool, a generator may have a strategic behavior to keep its registered variable cost higher than the actual level to maintain its operation rate and generation amounts higher. Eventually, however, such behavior decrease the profitability of a generator and discourage new entry jeopardizing required level of capacity reserves. This is a typical Prisoner's Dilemma situation. The power market operating rule should be revised so that generators' registered variable cost reflect actual level of variable cost.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.137-150
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• 2014

This study has two major purposes. First, this research empirically tests whether there are the impacts of the third-person effects on individuals' perceptions of the girl groups' suggestive performance. The second purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between the perceptual biased toward the influences of the girl groups's suggestive performances and the supports for regulation. For this purpose, this paper investigated individuals' perception of different degrees to which the suggestive performance has influences on three dissimilar groups including 'the self', 'colleagues' and 'the others' and how they affect supports for regulation. An online survey was administrated on 305 people who have watched the girl groups' lasciviousness performance for data gathering. The collected data were analyzed with t-test, multiple and hierarchical regression. The results showed that there are significant differences in perceptions of the effect of suggestive performance on three groups including 'the self', 'colleagues' and 'the others'. The findings also revealed that the perception of the effects of lasciviousness performance on 'the others' is one of the strongest predictors for the supports for regulation. The implications of these results were also discussed.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.4-13
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• 1996

미국 연방통신위원회(FCC)에서는 1996. 5. 14일 부로 Digital Device에 대한 인증제도를 자기입증방식(DoC)으로 변경한다는 방침을 확정, 발표하였다(FCC 96-206, ET Docket No. 95-19, Report and Order). 이 새로운 자기입증제도는 기존 FCC의 타율규제방식(Certification, Verification, Notification등) 을 탈피하여 제조자 자율에 의한 인증개념을 도입한 것으로서, 어떤 제품(Digital Device에 대해서 FCC가 정한 기술기준에 의거 시험하여 합격하였을 경우, 제조자(인증권자) 스스로 적합선언서 (DoC : Declaration of Conformity)를 채택하고 해당 제품에 인증마크를 부착하여 출하시킨다는 것으로 기존 EU의 CE-Mark 인증제도 중 Module A와 유사한 제도이다. FCC는 이와 같은 제도변경을 위해서 1995년 2월에 이미 기본방침을 발표하여 그동안 관련업계 의 광범위한 의견수렴을 거쳤으며, 필요한 법적보완사항을 위해서 일부 통신법을 개정, 완료하였 고(1996 통신법 403(f), 상무성, NIST 등 관계기관과의 의견조정을 마친 후 본 시행안을 확정, 공표 하였다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.167-181
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• 2016

In Korea, the transportation & telecommunication service industry is composed of public sector entities, such as public transportation and the postal service, and private sector entities. The public sector may be regulated in terms of pricing or is guaranteed a normal profit. Markup can be a subject for regulation. This paper is to set up the markup equation, estimate the industrial markup, and analyze the markup determinants by estimating the factor price elasticities of markup in the Transportation & Telecommunication industry. The factor price elasticities of markup were estimated to be -0.07 in wage rate, -0.45 in import price index, and -0.13 in interest rates. We suggest that import price and interest rate are major factors to be considered first of all in regulating the transportation & telecommunication industry.