• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.325-332
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effects of receiver's moving speed and pass types on anticipation timing response. Ten subjects were required to make a total of 24 passes in coincidence with an experimentally manipulated moving light signal in randomly three different conditions by performing chest and bound pass. Results of analyses revealed AE, CE, and VE increased as moving velocity became constant-acceleration condition. In addition, chest pass was more accuracy and consistency than bound pass on AE and CE. These findings indicated that moving velocity and pass type served as the major determination of coincident timing response on passing in basketball.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2000

A new control method for precision robust speed control of a PMSM(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) using load torque observer is presented. Using this system, we can more precisely evacuate of vestibular function. Until now a rotating chair system, so called 2D-stimulator, which has vertical rotate axis is used to make dizziness. However, an inclined rotating chair system witch is called 3D-stimulator is needed to obtain the precise dizziness data. This 3D-stimulator include unbalanced load caused by unbalanced center of mass. In this case, new compensation method is considered to obtain robust speed control using load torque observer. To reduce the effect of this disturbance, we can use dead-beat observer that has high gain. The application of the load to torque observer is published in for position control. However, there is a problem of using speed information such as amplifying effect of noise. Therefore, we can reduce a noise effect by moving average process. The experimental results are depicted in this paper to show the effect of this proposed algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.181-196
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• 2023

Size, velocity, and time equivalence are mechanisms that allow us to perceive objects in three-dimensional space consistently, despite errors on the two-dimensional retinal image. These mechanisms work on common cues, suggesting that the perception of motion distance, motion speed, and motion time may share common processing. This can lead to the hypothesis that, despite the spatial nature of visual stimuli distorting temporal perception, the perception of motion speed and the perception of motion duration will tend to oppose each other, as observed for objects moving in the environment. To test this hypothesis, the present study measured perceived speed using Müller-Lyer illusion stimulus to determine the relationship between the time-perception consequences of motion stimuli observed in previous studies and the speed perception measured in the present study. Experiment 1 manipulated the perceived motion trajectory while controlling for the retinal motion trajectory, and Experiment 2 manipulated the retinal motion trajectory while controlling for the perceived motion trajectory. The result is that the speed of the inward stimulus, which is perceived to be shorter, is estimated to be higher than that of the outward stimulus, which is perceived to be longer than the actual distance traveled. Taken together with previous time perception findings, namely that time perception is expanded for outward stimuli and contracted for inward stimuli, this suggests that when the perceived trajectory of a stimulus manipulated by the Müller-Lyer illusion is controlled for, perceived speed decreases with increasing duration and increases with decreasing duration when the perceived distance of the stimulus is constant. This relationship suggests that the relationship between time and speed perceived by spatial cues corresponds to the properties of objects moving in the environment, i.e, an increase in time decreases speed and a decrease in time increases speed when distance remains the same.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

The study was to investigate the effects of stimulus velocity and passer's skill level on anticipation timing performance. Fourteen subjects(seven novices and seven experts) were required to make a total 12 passes in coincidence with an experimentally manipulated moving light signal in randomly presented three different conditions(4m/s, $3m/s{\rightarrow}5m/s$, $5m/s{\rightarrow}3m/s$). Results of analyses showed that absolute error(AE) and constant error(CE) were greater in constant acceleration of the moving stimulus. In addition, experts were more accuracy and consistency than novices on absolute, constant and variable error(VE). These findings indicated that stimulus velocity served as the major determination of anticipation timing performance of passing.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Children, who have a language disorder, have difficulty in expressing their reaction about stimulus of sound and vision. So it is very hard to grasp that they recognize external stimulus or not. For solving these problem, we can check response time and make them to choose stimulus by giving stimulus of sound and vision to them through Audio and Visual Stimulus and Reaction Meter System. Additionally, We can help them by improving response time by repeated study based on the results and making them to recognize and choose stimulus faster without aversion about external stimulus. It would make them not to feel uncomfortable and isolated because they are unfamiliar with external stimulus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of electrical stimulation on physicochemical and rheological properties of the plaice (Paralichthys olivaceus) muscle at early period after death. The plaices were electrically stimulated in seawater bath (110V/60Hz) for 15sec., 35sec., and 60sec. and killed instantly with spiking at the head. Killed samples were stored at $5^{\circ}C$, and the changes in rigor index, ATP breakdown, lactate accumulation, and breaking strength of muscle through storage were investigated. Electrical stimulation effectively accelerated rigor-mortis, lactate accumulation , and ATP breakdown. As the time of electrical stimulation was lengthened, the onset of rigor-mortis of all samples were accelerated Just after killing, and the amount of lactate was rapidly increased, But, significant differences were not observed in variance of rigor-mortis and lactate concentration. Electrically stimulated plaices showed decreasing in ATP to $4.58{\mu}mole/g$ for 15sec., $4.13{\mu}mole/g$ for 35sec., and $2.39{\mu}mole/g$ for 60sec. samples as compared with $5.5{\mu}mole/g$ of unstimulated samples. As the time of electrical stimulation was lengthened, ATP in samples were decomposed more rapidly. The rate constant of ATP breakdown were $0.244hr^{-1}$ for 15sec., $0.358hr^{-1}$ for 35sec., and $0.479hr^{-1}$ for 60sec.. The level of breaking strength in muscle of the plaice was $1050.30\pm50.23g$ immediately after killing. Values of breaking strength in samples electrically stimulated for 35sec. increased rapidly just after killing among all samples. However, the breaking strength was not increased through the whole storage time in samples stimulated for 60sec.. The value and time roaching to the maximum breaking strength for each samples stimulated electrically for 15, 35 and 60 second were $1264.43\pm35.76g$ and 2hr, $1357.68\pm22.50g$ and Ohr, and $1012.18\pm57.36g$ and Ohr. Breaking strength in all samples electrically stimulated decreased significantly (P<0.05) after reaching the maximum values.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2187-2196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gait training using rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait symmetry of stroke patients. Forty chronic stroke patients were divided into four groups by intervention. Group A and B received auditory stimulation when they walk with comfortable gait speed. Group A received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group B to non-paralyzed side. Group C and D received auditory stimulation with 10% faster gait speed than their comfortable gait speed. Group C received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group D to non-paralyzed side. Gait training using auditory stimulation was done in each group during five minutes. Gait symmetry was evaluated by formula and temporal variables of gait were measured by gait analysis system. Step time was decreased significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05), and gait symmetry was also improved significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05). Cadence was increased significantly in all groups except group A (p<.05), but velocity was not increased in all groups. Therefore we conclude that RAS gait training is effective in improving gait symmetry and can be useful to stroke patient's gait training.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2009

본 연구는 동작 속도별 마찰음의 주관적 평가에 있어서 시각적 변수의 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현재 유통되고 있는 79 종의 스포츠웨어용 투습발수직물 중 음향 특성으로 계층적 군집분석에 의해 나누어진 3 개의 군집에서 각각 하나씩 추출한 총 3가지 시료를 대상으로 walking, jogging, running의 속도로 마찰시켜 총 9가지의 소리에 대하여 실험하였다. 직물 소리에 대한 주관적 평가 시 시각적 변수의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 두 가지 방법으로 직물 소리에 대한 주관적 반응을 평가하였다. 첫 번째는 기존의 연구에서 주로 이루어진 방법으로, 실험 진행자가 피험자에게 직물소리를 들려주면서 설문을 하게 하였다. 두 번째는 녹음된 직물의 소리와 함께 모니터를 통해 해당 자극물의 마찰 속도에 따라 인체 모델이 움직이는 동작을 보여줌으로써 청각과 시각 자극을 동시에 제시하여 주관적 평가의 자극물로 사용하였다. 주관적 평가는 8개의 형용사 쌍에 대해 의미미분척도로 평가되었고, 두 가지 방법을 비교하기 위하여 '실제 옷을 착용하고 움직일 때 발생하는 직물 소리와 유사하게 들린다.' 와 '옷을 착용하고 움직일 때 발생하는 소리라고 느껴진다.' 두 문항을 추가하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 시각 자극의 유무에 의한 감성평가 결과에는 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았지만, 피험자가 소리만으로 직물이 마찰되는 장면을 의식적으로 상상해야 하는 심리적 부담을 줄여주었고, 주관적 평가 몰입도를 향상시켰다고 사료된다.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.234-239
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• 2002

The use of electrical stimulation in the red meat processing has been inconsistent and the mechanism(s) associated with the improvement of meat quality in electrically stimulated carcass has been disputed. This may reflect an incomplete knowledge of how to optimise the technology and also mirrors the existence of unknown factors. Although it is well established that the stimulation treatment increases the rate of post-mortem glycolysis, other biochemical and biophysical effects have been implicated with the use of this technology. The classical view that stimulation prevents muscle from shortening excessively during rigor development has been expanded to include the possibility that it also results in physical disruption of muscle structure and early 'turn-on' of tenderizing process. However, the interaction of these effects with the acceleration of the rate of proteolysis through activation of the calpain pretense system has not been comprehensively unravelled. This mini-review attempts to examine the current theories about the effect of stimulation on post-mortem muscle.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait parameters, with and without the presence of a melody, for adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Three adolescents with TBI received a total of ten individual RAS training sessions. At pre and posttest, spatiotemporal parameters including cadence, velocity and kinematic parameters were measured using the VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The results showed no significant difference in gait velocity between the two conditions, thus the presence of the melody condition did not impact the outcome of RAS gait training. On the other hand, all participants showed improvement in gait function after RAS training. The cadence, velocity, stride length, and symmetry were increased and the stride time was reduced after training. The motion analysis demonstrated that the movement patterns of hip and knee joints improved, as they were more similar to normal gait, which indicates that the walkings tance became more stable. The research findings indicate that rhythm is the primary factor in mediating gait functions via RAS training. This study also supports that RAS training can effectively improve the gait function for adolescents with TBI.