• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing on human papillomavirus vaccination among the nursing students. The subjects of this study were 354 university students majoring in nursing in J province. Vaccination rate was 34.2%. There were significant differences of age, grade, religion, intercourse experience, and experience of gynecology care. Self-efficacy, health belief, and knowledge of vaccinated students were higher than non-vaccinated students. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing on vaccination were grade and self-efficacy. Through this result, it could be suggested there is a need for education strategies to increase self-efficacy considering grade in order to improve vaccination rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrium and the pathogenesis of endometriosis by investigating VEGF expression patterns and their difference between eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis and that of normal controls without endometriosis. Methods: Endometrial sections were obtained from 64 hysterectomy specimens from women under age of 40, who had undergone hysterectomies and had histological evidence of endometriosis, with stage 3 and 4 according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification. As for controls, 37 sections were gained from women diagnosed as having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of the uterine cervix and without evidence of pelvic endometriosis or adenomyosis during their operation. The VEGF content was evaluated immunohistochemically in the eutopic endometrium from 64 patients with endometriosis and 37 normal controls. Histological semiquantitative score (H-score) was calculated and compared between study group and control group throughout the menstrual cycle. Results: There was no significant difference in the H-score of VEGF in the eutopic endometrium between patients with endometriosis and controls without endometriosis when compared according to the same phase of the cycle, although the H-score of the study group was significantly higher in the secretory phase than the proliferative phase. Conclusion: The VEGF expression in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis was not different from that of women without endometriosis. This study suggests VEGF expression in eutopic endometrium is unlikely associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2007

Objective: This study was performed to compare the expression of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in women with endometriosis and endometrial tissues in women without endometriosis. Methods: A total of 32 women with histologically confirmed endometriosis were recruited for study group. For controls, 34 women undergoing operative treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or benign gynecologic condition other than endometriosis were recruited. At the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy, a biopsy specimen was taken from the endometrial cavity and peritoneal endometrial implant or endometrioma whenever appropriate. We employed real time quantitative RT-PCR to quantify OPN mRNA expression of these tissues and performed western blot analysis to measure the quantity of OPN. Results: The expression of OPN mRNA was significantly higher in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis than in endometrial tissues of controls during both proliferative and secretory phase. In the eutopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis, OPN mRNA expression significantly increased during the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase in women with endometriosis as well as controls. However, in the ectopic endometrial tissue, OPN mRNA expression significantly decreased during the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase. The expression of OPN protein was significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls. Conclusion: This study shows the marked expression of OPN mRNA and protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in women with endometriosis may be associated with the adhesion and invasion of endometrial explants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.36-38
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• 1998

생쥐 자궁의 조직세포는 생식주기와 초기 임신시기동안 $\beta$ -galactosidase mRNA를 지속적으로 발현하며, 이로부터 합성 및 분비되는 $\beta$ -galactosidase 단백질의 발현과 활성은 자궁의 조직추출액에서는 생식주기 중 proestrus시기에, 자궁내액에서는 diestrus시기에 가장 높게 나타났고 임신 1일째부터 4일째의 기간동안에는 임신이 진행될수록 점점 더 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 $\beta$ -galactosidase는 생쥐의 생식 활동 즉, 생식 주기동안의 자궁 조직세포의 분화와 임신 초기 배아의 자궁 내막에의 착상에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

연구 목적: Microarray data에 의해 밝혀진 생쥐자궁에서의 Id 유전자의 hormonal effect와 implantation process 동안의 관계를 조사하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 난소절제한 생쥐에 estrogen을 주사하고 6시간, 12시간이 지난 후 자궁을 적출하여 두 가지 방법으로 sample을 준비하였다. 먼저 자궁전체의 RNA를 추출하여 실험하거나 laser capture microdissection (LCM) 방법으로 자궁내막상피세포, 자궁기질세포, 자궁근육층으로 분리하여 RNA를 추출하고 semi-quantative RT-PCR을 수행하여 Id 유전자의 발현을 조사하였다. 임신 4.5일째 생쥐에 Chicago blue dye를 주사하여 착상부위와 비착상부위를 분리하고 RNA를 추출하여 Id 유전자의 발현을 semiquantitative RT-PCR 방법으로 실험하였다. 결 과: Estrogen을 처리한 난소절제된 생쥐 자궁에서의 cDNA microarray 자료에서 Id-1 mRNA는 점진적으로 두 배 이상 증가하였고 Id-2 mNRA는 반대로 시간이 지날수록 두 배 이상 감소하였다. Microarray 자료를 재확인하기 위해 semi-quantitative RT-PCR을 이용하여 실험하였고, 그 결과 Id-1 유전자는 estrogen 처리 6시간까지는 큰 변화가 없었으나 12시간에서는 4배 이상의 높은 발현을 보였으며, Id-2 mRNA의 발현은 estrogen 처리 6시간과 12시간 모두에서 대조군에 비해 4배 가량 감소하였다. 이 실험군을 LCM을 이용하여 자궁내막상피세포, 자궁기질세포, 자궁근육층을 각각 분리하여 실험한 결과 estrogen 처리군에서 Id-1의 발현은 자궁내막상피세포에서만 높은 발현을 보였으며, estrogen 처리 6시간과 12시간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, Id-2 mRNA는 자궁내막상피세포에서 estrogen 처리 6, 12시간 모두에서 높은 발현을 보였고, 근육세포층에서는 estrogen 처리 6시간에서는 변화가 거의 없었으나 12시간에는 현저하게 증가하였다. 단, 자궁기질세포에서는 대조군에 비해 estrogen 6, 12시간에서 Id-2 mRNA의 발현이 감소하였다. 임신한 생쥐 자궁의 착상부위에서는 Id-1 mNRA의 발현은 비착상부 위보다 월등하게 높은 증가를 보였다. 결 론: 난소절제 생쥐를 이용한 실험에서 Id-1, -3는 estrogen에 의해 발현이 증가하고, Id-2는 발현이 감소하였다. LCM을 이용한 실험에서는 Id-2는 이와는 달리 부위별 발현양상은 다르게 나타났지만 이는 넓은 부위를 차지하는 자궁기질에서의 발현감소가 전체적인 Id-2의 발현양상으로 나타난 것으로 추측된다. 착상부위에서의 Id의 발현은 Id-1만이 유일하게 월등한 증가를 보였다. 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 생쥐 자궁에서 Id 유전자는 estrogen에 의해 조절되며 직, 간접적으로 착상시기에 다양한 작용을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2007

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the expressions of endometriosis related genes in shed endometrial tissues from menstrual blood of patients with or without endometriosis. Methods: The shed endometrial tissues were collected on 2$^{nd}$ or 3$^{rd}$ day of menstrual cycle with Wallace catheter in patients with endometriosis (n=16) and without endometriosis (n=26). The mRNA expressions of twelve kinds of endometriosis related genes were compared between two groups using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The collected shed endometrium was confirmed by histological observation. Expressions of telomerase, c-kit and aromatase mRNA were not detected by RT-PCR in shed endometrial tissues. The mRNA expressions of apoptosis related genes (fas, fas ligand, bcl-2, bax), stem cell factor, estrogen receptor-$\alpha$/$\alpha$, endometriosis protein-I and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor gene were similar between shed endometrial tissues with endometriosis and without endometriosis. Conclusion: We could not find the difference of mRNA expressions of tested endometriosis related genes between shed endometrial tissues with or without endometriosis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. It may be related to the dynamical changes of gene expressions in the endometrium with menstrual cycle.

• RED RIBBON
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• s.65
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• pp.8-11
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• 2005

HPV(human papilloma virus ; 인유두종 바이러스)감염은 HIV감염 여성에서 더 흔히 일어나는데 HPV는 음부사마귀와 자궁경부암을 일으킬 수 있다. HPV와 연관된 자궁경부 이형성증(cervical dysplasia)이라고 불리는 자궁경부암의 전구질환 또한 HIN감염 여성에서 더 흔하고 치료 후 재발이 쉽게 일어난다.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine cervical cancer screening status of nursing students and to examine the effects of their knowledge, preventive behavioral intention on cervical cancer screening. This study targeted 192 nursing students from three universities in G. J City. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, t-test, χ²-test, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The factors influencing on the cervical cancer screening among nursing students were age, sexual experience, and preventive behavioral intention. In order to improve the cervical cancer screening rate, healthcare professionals must develop phased and sustainable education programs that enhance the intention for cervical cancer screening in schools and medical institutions for students to be provided from school-age years, which is a pre-sexually active period, to college years.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.427-430
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• 2012

An infertile, three-year-old primiparous cow was diagnosed preliminarily with pyometra by rectal palpation at 180 days postpartum. Ultrasonography showed that the cranial portion of the right uterine horn was distended with fluid, while the base portion of the horn was missing. A dense band of tissue connected the cranial portion of the uterine horn to the uterine body. However, the left uterine horn was normal. Gross postmortem analysis of the reproductive organs confirmed the ultrasonographic observations. Histopathological observations also showed that dark red-brown mucus filled the thin-walled right uterine horn, where neither caruncles nor uterine glands were observed. Finally, this primiparous Holstein cow was diagnosed with segmental aplasia of the right uterine horn.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2000

Objectives: The pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK) are secreted heparin-binding neurokines that share 50％ sequence homology. PTN and MK are expressed in the range of primary human tumors. The association of PTN and MK with carcinogenesis, enhancement of plasminogen activator activity and angiogenic factor are reported. Patients with endometriosis are characterized by the ability of the endometrium to implant; angiogenic and growth factors may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. To test the hypothesis that higher expression of PTN and MK in endometrium from women with endometriosis might be increase angiogenesis and growth ectopic endometriosis implants, we investigated PTN and MK expression by quantitative and competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) in endometrium from women with and without endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle. Design: MK and PTN mRNA expression in endomeoium from women with endometriosis and control patients without endometriosis were determined by QC-PCR throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods: Endometrial tissue was obtained from 25 patients with severe endometriosis and 30 patients without endometriosis undergoing hysterectomy or endometrial biopsy. Stage of endometrial cycle and a diagnosis of endometriosis were confirmed histologically. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into c-DNA. QC-PCR was performed to evaluate PTN and MK mRNA expression. Results were analysed by Post Hoc test. Results: MK and PTN were expressed throughout the menstrual cycle in both groups. MK expression was higher in follicular phase than luteal phase in endometrium from normal women. endometrium from endometriosis patients showed increased expression of PTN and MK compared to endometrium from normal women in the luteal phase (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that uterine endometrium from women with endometriosis expresses higher levels of MK and PTN than endometrium from normal women during luteal phase. Increased MK and PTN expression may be related to the initiation of ectopic endometrial implants and their subsequent peritoneal invasion.