• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

To clarify some ambiguous diagnostic characters of Callicarpa japonica Thunb. and Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch in Korea (Verbenaceae), the external morphology and micromorphology (leaf, anther, pollen, fruit, in particular endocarp surface and structure) of two taxa are studied and described in detail. It is confirmed that the following characteristics (e.g., the stem outline in a cross-section, the bud shape and length, the corolla tube length and the lobe length, the pattern of the anther dehiscence and length, and the endocarp morphology) are useful for distinguishing these two taxa. In particular, following three characteristics are most useful for an identification: (1) the corolla tube length of C. japonica (2.5-4.6 mm) is longer than that of C. dichotoma (0.7-1.0 mm); (2) the anther is dehiscing by an apical pore at the anthesis of C. japonica, while it is opening by a long fissure from the apex to the base in C. dichotoma; and (3) the edge of the endocarp (lateral view) in C. japonica is concave, while in C. dichotoma it is shown to be flat. On the other hand, the teeth state on the leaf margin and the position of inflorescence are not good diagnostic characteristics for identification. Additionally, the keys for all known Callicarpa taxa in Korea are provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.405-431
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• 2008

Cuticle micromorphology of 22 species of Quercus and outgroup were examined by the SEM. Twenty-two species selected each two or three species in all section of the genus Quercus. The genus Trigonobalanus and Alnus are selected as outgroups. Ten characters of the inner surface and eight characters of the outer surface of the cuticle have been described. Some characters, such as the present of papillae, arrangement of subsidiary cell, shape of anticlinal cell wall are considered important character for infrageneric classification. A parsimony analysis of 18 characters resulted in 72 most parsimonious trees with its lengths of 66 steps. The topology obtained from the analysis showed two major lineages. Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis formed one clade by 75% and subgenus Quercus formed another clade by 57% bootstrap value. Based on the cuticle morphology, the two subgenus delimitation of Camus was supported. However, sect. Erythrobalanus and sect. Cerris formed one group, and sect. Lepidobalanus formed polytomy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.230-247
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• 2018

We conducted principal component analyses using the quantitative characteristics of the genus Sorbaria to investigate and explore morphological variation and diagnostic characteristics. The genus Sorbaria was divided into two groups based on erect or pendulous inflorescence, the existence of hairs on the ovary and follicle surfaces, the number of stamens, and the shape of the sepal. As a result of our investigation and of a morphometric analysis, these two groups could be also classified using quantitative characteristics, in this case the number of leaflets, the size of the leaflets, the width of the inflorescence, the size of the sepal, the petal, and the follicles and seeds. In the Sorbifolia group (S. grandiflora and S. sorbifolia complex), the size of lateral leaflets, number of veins, gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of leaflets, and the petal and follicle size were found to be useful identification characteristics. The terminal and lateral leaflet size and the gland and stellate density on the abaxial surface of the leaflets were found to be characters of taxonomic value for the Kirilowii group (S. arborea complex, S. kirilowii, and S. tomentosa complex). The results of the numerical analysis conducted here can provide valuable information to those reconsidering and delimiting a taxonomic revision of the genus Sorbaria.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2017

A comparative study of the leaf epidermal micromorphology in the tribe Neillieae (Neillia: 4 species, 4 varieties; Physocarpus: 5 species; Stephanandra: 2 species) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate the taxonomic and systematic implications of these characteristics. The leaves of the genera Neillia and Stephanandra were hypostomatic, whereas those of P. monogynus, P. opulifolius were amphistomatic. The range of the size of the stomata is $12.02-34.39{\times}10.76-27.13{\mu}m$; the smallest was found in N. thyrsiflora (average $13.98{\times}12.43{\mu}m$; $L{\times}W$), while the largest was measured in N. gracilis (average $26.82{\times}20.67{\mu}m$; $L{\times}W$). Paracytic stomata complexes are only found in N. affinis, and the anomocytic type was most commonly found. The papillate epidermal cell type was only observed on the abaxial surfaces of P. insularis. Platelet epicuticular waxes were found on the adaxial surfaces of N. affinis and S. tanakae. Four types (unicellular non-glandular, two- to five-armed, stellate, and glandular) of trichomes were found on the leaves. Stellates were observed in all species of Physocarpus except for P. insularis. Consequently, leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics (e.g., the presence of papillate epidermal cells and stellate, and stomata complexes) may have high taxonomic and systematic value in Neillieae. Our results strongly support previous molecular phylogenetic and palynological hypotheses that Stephanandra and Neillia are a single genus and that Physocarpus insularis should be considered as a member of Spiraea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.378-390
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• 1997

Ten total populations of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) and Manshurian fir [A. nephrolepis (Traut.) Maxim.] were sampled from south Korea to investigate patterns of intraspecific variation in these species and to evaluate a recognition of the two species. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis were performed both on seed-cone data and on needle morphology data. The characters that contributed most to the separation between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis along three principal components axis were leaf width, length of seed, width of seed wing, length of seed wing, cone width, width of scale, and length of bract tip, but these characters were not diagnostic because of overlap in reality. Therefore, all these characters were not reliable in distinguishing these two taxa including bract position (exerted and recurved vs. exerted and straight). The individuals of A. koreana from Mt. Chi-ri appeared quite unique probably on account of its larger cone size and longer scale tip, while those from Mt. Hal-la of A. koreana were generally distinct from others in terms of their larger seed and seed wing and longer scale width. The Mt. Duk-yu specimens of A. korecana appeared somewhat smaller but more data were needed due to the small sampling size. Generally, the gradual clinal geographic trends made evident by the position of resin ducts in leaves of A. koreana can be detected. The southern populations, Mt. Hal-la (an insular population) were generally distinct from the northern populations (Mt. Chi-ri, Mt. Ga-ya and Mt. Duk-yu) in terms of their position of resin duct (medial, within mesophyll vs marginal, close to epidermis : 100% vs 75 or 50%). Although no sharp boundary separating these two species could be detected based on cone and needle morphology, the observed clinal pattern was distinct in northern populations of A. koreana and southern population of A. nephrnlepis. In a preceding study of the flavonoids variation of 20 species in eastern Asia, flavanone (5-deoxyflavanone) was found to be characteristic of A. faxoniana Rehder et Wilson, A. georgei Orr of China and A. koreana of Korea. A. faxoniana, which is assumed to be primitive species, has position of resin duct relative to both the medial and the marginal, while A. georgei and A. koreana are identified by marginal position of resin duct. With respect of foliar flavonoids chemistry, A. koreana was distinct from A. nephrolepis : the southmost samples (Mt. Hal-la and Mt. Chi-ri) contained additional flavonoids derivatives (mainly flavanone) that were not found in the northmost samples of A. nephrolepis except a few individuals from Mts. Seo-rak and Tae-bak populations of Kwang-won province. The presence of A. koreana type flavonoids in two Chinese species suggested that position of resin duct may be a phyletic character. Abies koreana including two Chinese taxa, exhibited the most elaborate and specialized flavonoids profile within the Abies in eastern Asia. Contrary to our initial expectations, the apparent intermediates between A. nephrolepis and A. koreana in Duk-yu and Ga-ya mountains were found. The pattern of variation on position of resin duct and flavonoids chemistry in these populations of A. kareana suggested that genetic interchange or natural hybridization had occurred between these two species. The evidence needed to resolve the status of this taxon is still inconclusive in our opinion until intermediate individuals from Mts. Duk-yu and Ga-ya show indication of hybridization between the two species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.557-562
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of soil moisture on the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water content and its any correlation in soybean. Followings were achieved as a conclusion. At the soil moisture was moved from drought condition to saturation condition, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and leaf water content were gradually increased on the period of re-watering treatment. The recovery of photosynthetic rate was faster than others. There were positive correlation with the photosynthetic rate and leaf water content, the stomatal conductance and leaf water content, the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance respectively, but the correlation coefficient of photosynthetic rate and leaf water content was high.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.255-273
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• 2007

The morphological characters for 4 taxa of Korean Symplocaceae were examined. Based on morphological examination, numerical analysis was performed to clarify the taxonomic relationships among the taxa. It was found that epidermal characters of leaves, cellular deposition of petals, cellular boundary of petioles, growth of stigmas and pollen grains and their surfaces were useful diagonostic characters. From the results of PCA analysis, four taxa were grouped as species clusters including each populations. Four species of Symplocos were clustered as species groups with clear delimitation. Morphological, numerical, and palynological analyses supported the previous morphological studies on this family.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2003

Saussurea chabyoungsanica was recorded in new species by Lim hyoung tak in 1997. In order to understand the entity of new species, we investigated the new distribution sites, general morphological characters, the width of variation among regional groups. S. chabyoungsanica were located Manduckbong, Mt. Sukbyoung, Mt. Duckhang, and Sukgaejae in ridgeline of the Taebaek mountains. These sites are typical limestone zones of Korea. As a result of PCA analysis for external morphology of S. chabyoungsanica and S. neoserrata, S. neoserrata group was distinctly discriminated from S. chabyoungsanica group. And it was considered that the characters of leaf, corolla and involucral bract were major factors of cumulative rate. And also, through the analysis of external morphology of S. chabyoungsanica by region, Mt. Sukbyoung group was discriminated from other groups.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2005

The coat protein gene (AF296280) of the Korean isolate Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was cloned and the open reading frame (627 bp) was transformed into potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Superior). Out of seventeen individual transgenic lines, five lines were identified to confer resistance to PLRV through the five generation's selection program in the greenhouse as well as isolated trial field. Successful introduction and genetic stability of coat protein gene in the genome of potato were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot hybridization and northern blot hybridization. Some of the transgenic lines were highly resistant to PLRV but did not show any resistance to less homologous Potato virus Y (PVY). Our results suggest that the resistance to PLRV is due to homology dependent gene silencing by sense strand coat protein gene. In addition, the results of field test through five generations showed that there were no significant differences comparing to nontransgenic potatoes in the morphological aspect of shoot as well as tuber, Ho remarkable differences were also observed in the major agronomic characters and yields except for the resistance to PLRV.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-418
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• 2007

We performed the numerical analyses of thirty two morphological characters for twenty four populations of eight Korean Ilex L. taxa. Principal component analyses showed that the first three principal components were related to the total covariance by 67.0%, and the proportions of PCl, PC2 and PC3 were 31.5%, 21.1%, and 14.4%, respectively. And the closely related characteristics to the PCl, PC2 and PC3 were some reproductive characters such as the morphology of sepal, petal, anther, pistil and fruits and vegetative characters such as the morphology of petiol and leaf margin, the trichomes on the twigs, the leaf duration. From the two dimensional plottings by the eigenvalues of PCl, PC2 and PC3, six grouped were clustered as Ilex integra, I cornuta, I x wandoensis, I. rotunda, I. macropoda and I. macropoda for. pseudomacropoda, I. crenata and I. crenata var. microphilla. The numerical analysis was useful for the taxonomy of Korean Ilex because it clearly seperated the populations of taxa included in this study. The identification key was provided with the diagnostic characters.