• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

The free-stereo mosaics image without GPS/INS and ground control data can be generated by using relative orientation parameters on the 3D model coordinate system. Its origin is located in one reference frame image. A 3D coordinate calculated by conjugate points on the free-stereo mosaic images is represented on the 3D model coordinate system. For determining 3D coordinate on the 3D absolute coordinate system utilizing conjugate points on the free-stereo mosaic images, transformation methodology is required for transforming 3D model coordinate into 3D absolute coordinate. Generally, the 3D similarity transformation is used for transforming each other 3D coordinates. Error of 3D model coordinates used in the free-stereo mosaic images is non-linearly increased according to distance from 3D model coordinate and origin point. For this reason, 3D model coordinates used in the free-stereo mosaic images are difficult to transform into 3D absolute coordinates by using linear transformation. Therefore, methodology for transforming nonlinear 3D model coordinate into 3D absolute coordinate is needed. Also methodology for resampling the free-stereo mosaic image to the geo-stereo mosaic image is needed for overlapping digital map on absolute coordinate and stereo mosaic images. In this paper, we propose a 3D non-linear transformation for converting 3D model coordinate in the free-stereo mosaic image to 3D absolute coordinate, and a 2D non-linear transformation based on 3D non-linear transformation converting the free-stereo mosaic image to the geo-stereo mosaic image.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

Recently, a generation of high quality mosaic images from video sequences has been attempted by a variety of investigations. Among the matter of investigation, in this paper, generation on stereo mosaic utilizing airborne-video sequence images is focused upon. The stereo mosaic is made by creating left and right mosaic which are fabricated by front and rear slices having different viewing angle in consecutive video frames. For making the stereo mosaic, motion parameters which are able to define geometric relationship between consecutive video frames are determined. For determining motion parameters, affine model which is able to explain relative motion parameters is applied by this paper. The mosaicing method using relative motion parameters is called by free mosaic. The free mosaic proposed in this paper consists of 4 step processes: image registration with reference to first frame using affine model, front and rear slicing, stitching line definition and image mosaicing. As the result of experiment, the left and right mosaic image, anaglyphic image for stereo mosaic images are showed and analyzed y-parallax for checking accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2009

For constructing 3D information using aerial photograph or video sequences, left and right stereo images having different viewing angle should be prepared in overlapping area. In video sequences, left and right stereo images would be generated by mosaicing left and right slice images extracted in consecutive video sequences. Therefore, this paper is focused on generating left and right stereo mosaic images that are able to construct 3D information and video sequences could be made for the best use. In the stereo mosaic generation, motion parameters between video sequences should be firstly determined. In this paper, to determine motion parameters, free mosaic method using geometric relationship, such as relative orientation parameters, between consecutive frame images without GPS/INS geo-data have applied. After determining the motion parameters, the mosaic image have generated by 4 step processes: image registration, image slicing, determining on stitching line, and 3D image mosaicking. As the result of experiment, generated stereo mosaic image and analyzed result of x, y-parallax have showed.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2001

This paper proposes a colored paper mosaic rendering technique based on image segmentation that can automatically generate torn and tagged colored paper mosaic effect. and 3D effect that come about in human-made mosaic work can be represented by generating shadow using difference of paper thickness. Previous method did not produce satisfactory results due to the ineffectiveness of having to use pieces of the same size. The proposed two methods for determination of paper shape and location that are based on segmentation can subdivide image area by considering characteristics of image. The first method is to generate Voronoi polygon after subdividing the segmented image again using quad tree. And the second method is to apply the Voronoi diagram on each segmentation layer. Through these methods, the characteristic of the image is expressed in more detail than previous colored paper mosaic rendering method and these methods enable to produce image that is closer to human-made mosaic work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 SPOT 입체영상을 이용하여 광범위한 지역의 DEM을 제작할 경우 DEM 모자이크 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 접합선(seam-line)을 최소화할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 지상의 60km$\times$60km 영역을 촬영할 수 있는 SPOT 위성의 입체 영상으로부터 구성한 단일 모델은 일반적으로 관심 있는 지역의 DEM을 제작하기에 충분히 넓은 지역을 포함할 수 있다. 그러나 광범위한 지역의 DEM 제작을 위해서는, 각각의 입체영상을 통해 제작된 DEM들을 접합해야 하며, 이 때 발생되는 접합선을 효과적으로 제거하는 작업이 필요하다. 이를 위해 SPOT 위성영상의 블록 조정 방법을 이용하여 종횡접합모델을 구성하고 중복되는 인접한 SPOT DEM간의 표고값을 일치시키므로써 DEM 접합선의 발생을 최소화하여 모자이크시 작업량을 줄이고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 지상기준점과 추가로 관측한 영상접합점을 이용하여 종횡접합 블록을 구성하고 광속조정 방법을 적용하여 블록에 포함된 위성영상의 외부표정요소를 계산하였다. 블록모델을 이용하여 DEM을 제작할 경우 접합선 탐색 및 blending 작업 없이 단순중첩 방법으로도 DEM 모자이크 작업을 빠르게 수행할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

3D image mosaicking is useful for 3D visualization of the roadside scene of urban area by projecting 2D images to the 3D planes. When a sequence of images are filmed from a side-looking video camera passing long distance areas, the ghost effect in which same objects appear repeatively occurs. To suppress such ghost effect, the long distance range areas are detected by using the distance between the image frame and the 3D coordinate of tracked optical flows. The ghost effects are suppressed by projecting the part of image frames onto 3D multiple planes utilizing vectors passing the focal point of frames and a virtual focal point. The virtual focal point is calculated by utilizing the first and last frames of the long distance range areas. We demonstrate algorithm that creates efficient 3D Panoramic mosaics without the ghost effect at the long distance area.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.3 s.303
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

A novel image mosaicking technique suitable for 3D urban visualization is proposed. It is not effective to apply 2D image mosaicking techniques for urban visualization when, for example, one is filming a sequence of images from a side-looking video camera along a road in an urban area. The proposed method presents the roadside scene captured by a side-looking video camera as a continuous set of textured planar faces, which are termed 'multiple planes' in this paper. The exterior parameters of each frame are first calculated through automatically selected matching feature points. The matching feature points are also used to estimate a plane approximation of the scene geometry for each frame. These planes are concatenated to create an approximate model on which images are back-projected as textures. Here, we demonstrate algorithm that creates efficient image mosaics in 3D space from a sequence of real images.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.4 s.45
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• pp.193-198
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• 1980

This paper deals with the studies on the occurence of a new virus disease of sesame and the identification of the causal virus. The virus disease of sesame has been regarded as a widespread disease in the sesame-growing areas in the southern part of Korea. The disease was found to be caused by watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). During the years since 1978, stunting of sesame plants, with yellow mosaic, necrotic spot, and malformation, were collected from 17 different places. Virus isolates from 27 out of 32 samples were identified as WMV. Natural infection of squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and watermelon by WMV as well as sesame was proved. The virus is inactivated at temperatures of 55 to $60^{\circ}C$, at dilution of $10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-4}$, and in the aging of 10 to 14 days at about $20^{\circ}C$. Sesame, Chenopodium amaranticelor, pea, bean, as well as many plants of the Cucurbitaceae, are susceptible to the sesame-isolates of WMV. In negatively stained preparations, particles of the virus appear under the electron microscope as flexible filaments of about $750\~800nm$ in length. Cylindrical inclusions and virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells by ultra-thin sections of WMV infected tissues.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 1994

Viral RNA was extracted from purified Chinese cabbage strain of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-Ca) from infected leaves of turnip. Polyadenylated genomic viral RNA was recovered by oligo (dT) cellulose column chromatography and used as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). Recombinant plasmids contained cDNA ranged from about 900 bp to 2, 450 bp were synthesized. Among the selected 41 transformants, pTUCA31 and pTUCA35 had over 2 Kbp cDNA insert. Restriction endonuclease patterns of the clones examined were very similar among them. Clones pTUCA23 and pTUCA31 were overlapped with pTUA35. The longest clone pTUCA35, encoding 3'-end, showed that it contained two sites for EcoRI, and one site for BamHI, ClaI, HincII, SacI and XbaI, respectively. The restriction mapping indicated that the clone pTUCA35 contained partial nuclear inclusion body gene, complete coding region of the coat protein and 3' untranslated region of TuMV-Ca genomic RNA.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2002

For the survey of viruses infected in peanut cultivated in Korea, peanut seeds and leaves showing viral symptoms were collected from their growing areas. Typical symptoms on virus infected peanut leaves including mosaic, mottle with necrosis, yellowing, stripe or vein banding and stunts were observed. Two viruses isolated from the naturally infected peanuts were identified as Bean common mosaic virus(BCMV-PSt) and Peanut mottle virus(PeMoV) by their host range, immunosorbent elcetron microscopy(ISEM), direct immuno staining assay(DISA), RT-PCR, and intracellural symptoms. Direct negative staining method by electron microscope showed filamentous particles of about 780 m in length as well as inclusion bodies. In ultrathin sections of BCMV-PSt and PeMoV infected tissues, cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions as well as filamentous virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells. ISEM revealed filamentous particles strongly decorated with antiserums of BCMV-PSt and PeMoV Peanut seeds were stained with BCMV-PSt and PeMoV antisera indicating the possibility of seed transmission far these viruses. Seedlings germinated from peanut seeds which reacted with antiserums of BCMV-PSt by DISA showed mild mottle or stripe symptoms while mosaic and necrotic mottle symptoms were observed for PeMoV-positive seedlings. Filamentous particles were strongly decorated with each antiserum under ISEM observation. BCMV-PSt coat protein gene of about 1.2 Kbp was amplified by RT-PCR. Altogether these results indicate that BCMV-PSt is the most prevalent virus infecting peanut in Korea.