• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial-temporal proliferation of individual factories in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and to provide policy implications. The location of the factory is divided into individual locations and planned locations. In the case of individual locations, it takes a long time to establish factories. Also, due to high cost and regulation, the establishment of individual factories is not easy. However, since the establishment process is simple and the price of land is low, the establishment of individual factories has led to an increase in the number of individual factories. The problem of the undeveloped factories is that the lack of infrastructure such as the road and environmental pollution treatment facilities around the factory deteriorates the pleasant environment and the cityscape and deteriorates the health of the residents in the surrounding area. In this study, we analyzed the location of individual factories established in the Seoul metropolitan area from 2001 to 2016 by using ArcGIS Pro. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, individual location factories are formed around existing industrial complexes and industrial sites. The reason for this is considered to be the external effect that can be obtained from the surrounding area. Secondly, since the Seoul city's individual location factories are established in many residential areas, it shows the conflicting result of the mixture of residence and factory. Third, the Gyeonggi province's individual location factories have a high proportion of non-urban areas. This is because the Gyeonggi province's management area occupies a larger proportion than other areas in Gyeonggi province. This study analyzed the spatial - temporal spreading process of individual factories and the unfolding of individual factories in the metropolitan area, and it can provide policy implications to control the over development of individual factories in the future.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2006

This paper explores the relatilonship between state level environmental regulations and stocking and location decisions in the U.S livestock and poultry industry (beef, chicken, dairy and hogs), Rather than conduct this analysis on a species by species basis, the overall size of the livestock industry(expressed in animal units) and the size of Industry found on large, medium and small operations by state (48) and over time (29 years), which is panel data analysis, Generally, regulations seem to be induced by the structural change of industry; when industry creates externalities, regulators try to address them with policy tools to internalize them, Written regulatory stringency may not effect behavioral change; rather the state's willingness to enforce regulations seems to have a measurable influence. However, in the presence of rapid structural change, industry location is affected by written regulatory stringency. Policy enforcement activity was shown to influence inventory decisions in general and larger operations were found to be more sensitive to willingness to enforce than smaller operations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2004

우리나라는 토지이용이 고도화 되어 있고 상수원에 각종 오염시설이 이미 입지해 있으며 개발압력이 가중되고 있는 현실을 고려해 볼 때 환경기초시설 확충 및 배출기준 강화 등 사후적 관리방법으로는 상수원의 수질개선에 한계가 있다. 그리고 상수원수질보전을 위한 기존의 토지이용 규제정책도 일정 규모 이하는 규제 대상에서 제외되어 소규모 시설에 대한 효율적 규제가 안 되고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 토지이용 규제에 의한 주민의 재산권 제한으로 민원도 계속되고 있다. 따라서 오염원의 총량적인 증가에 효율적으로 대처하고 주민이 스스로 오염원 총량발생을 억제함과 동시에 환경친화적으로 지역을 개발할 수 있는 새로운 수질관리 기법이 도입될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 섬진강을 대상하천으로 각 배수구역별 유황분석을 실시하고, 오염원조사, 부하량 산정, 수질모델링의 불확실성등 안전율을 고려하여, 오염원 총량관리 기본방침을 기준으로 오염총량관리대상 오염물질의 종류인 생물학적 산소요구량(BOD)에 대하여 2006년과 2011년의 장래수질예측을 실시하였고 그 결과 목표수질을 달성할 수 있는 배수구역별 부하량을 할당하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.6 s.117
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• pp.701-713
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• 2006

This study considers the case when a district with a high development possibility is set up as a regulation region. Initial assumption is that there would be regulation resistance in and around the regulation region. Pyeongchang is taken as a study areas, performing necessary analysis of environment regulation and regulation resistance based upon spatial analysis with the use of GIS. The research proceeding steps are as follows. After examining Pyeongchang present environment regulation state, environment regulation map is constructed, and classification of Pyeongchang's relatively development possibility level map is made. Using this regulation map and development possibility level map, relative regulation resistance level is measured. The results that the rates of Pyeongchang environment regulation region in its present state was higher than Namhan river basin's regulation region rates. Also, overlapping a high development possibility level region with an environment regulation region, the analysis results give reasons to expect high level of regulation resistance in Doam-myeon and Jinbu-myeon in small town units. The analysis of Pyeongchang new buildings locations with regard to environment regulation showed intensive distribution in the regulation region with high development possibility level and adjacent areas (about 66% of new buildings are distributed within 500m range from regulation region). Such results show that the local administration and existing environment regulation policy, not capable of offering direct benefit to the population, are having immanent problems in environment sustainable development and connected with it environment harm causation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.363-374
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• 2003

There is very high preference for the firms to locate in the Capital region, the City of Seoul and its surrounding areas, which inevitably meets diverse types of regulations to prevent over-concentration in Korea. In order to suggest an urgent need to reform these regulations, the demand for knowledge-based industries is estimated. A legit model is employed to estimate the demand of relocation of the current firms based on a survey conducted in 2001. A logistic curve is used to forecast the demand of new start-ups in Korea. The lands for industrial use only are estimated as many as 2.1 million~3.9 million pyung(1 pyung=3.3$m^2$) in nation-wide. Considering affiliate facilities and infrastructures, 3.1 million~5.9 million of industrial area should be developed in Korea for next five years. Since the rents are very high and the available land is short in the southern parts of Seoul, where most knowledge-based firms locate right now. Many firms have considered relocating on any other places where there exist a plenty of lands available and cheaper rents and cheaper wage rates, but still not far away from Seoul so that they could obtain new advanced information, skilled labors, venture capitals, and high quality of producer services. The Capital region, especially Gyeonggi and Incheon, is the only place to meet those conditions in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.413-426
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• 2019

Many factories indiscriminately located in the vicinity of residential areas need to be adjusted to quasi-industrial parks or new planning management area. In the present work, the changes of atmospheric $SO_2$ concentration according to clustering of individual location factories throughout Gimpo city into a new area were evaluated using a commercial dispersion model, AERMOD. As a result of the evaluation, it was suggested the possibility of improving the pollution through the relocation of individual factories. The combination of relocation and discharge regulation on the stack height may reduce the overall pollution from Gimpo approximately up to 70%, and some areas achieve maximum 87% decrease. However, the area selected as a cluster zone may show a relatively large increase compared to the change in the total pollution level of Gimpo.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-152
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• 1993

해양에 투기된 폐기물의 시공간적인 분포와 변화과정은 해양 물리학적 확산과 이 동, 생물학적 흡수 및 변환과정, 화학적 반응 및 상태변화등 여러 과정이 복합적으로 작용하여 일여난다. 이러한 폐기물의 해양투기가 해양생태계 및 환경보전에 미치는 여 러 가지 영향은 이에 대한 규제 및 적절한 운용을 통하여 원활한 해양생태 및 환경을 유지할 수 있도록 최소화되어야 한다. 해양투기의 최적화를 위하여서는 첫째, 생태학 적 배제원칙(biological exclusion)이 최우선적으로 고려되어야 하고 둘째, 생태계 및 수산자원 보존을 위하여 원활한 해수교환 및 물질확산이 극대화된 투기장소의 입지 선 정(hydrographic option)이 매우 중요하다. 둘째 로는 적법한 투기행위 및 적절한 투 기장 운용을 위한 감독 및 감시체제의 확립이 필요하다. 현재 우리 나라의 해양 폐기 물 투기는 초기의 단계에 있으나 최근 점차 요구되는 인접 해양국가 간의는 지역환경 협의체 구성 및 국가간 환경 부담 비용을 고려할 때 공해상의 해양투기는 더 이상 국 내적 문제가 아니므로 보다 신중한 해양투기 활동 및 타당성의 국토가 필요하다. 황해 에 위치한 투기장의 경우 현재까지의 관련자료를 검토할 때 적정 투기 규모 및 투기장 입지 선정, 그리고 불법 폐기물 투기가능성의 미비점에 대한 보완책이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-225
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper analyzes the characteristics of economic space in Gyeonggi border regions. Especially, this study focuses on understanding the environment enveloped the enterprises because today, largely influenced factor for regional economic development is enterprises. Since 1990's the change of the spacial organization in Korean Capital region has been inducing the functional transformation in Gyeonggi border regions so that new function -beyond military functions- is developed in these regions. By the disindustrialization in core region contributed to the industrialization in periphery, border regions are developed as a concentrated space of traditional industries and small size manufactural firms. The most important pull factor is facility for obtain a factory site and favorable condition of land price. Globally, the reasons to locate enterprise in these regions are found not in positive and progressive strategies but in passive and defensive strategies. Therefore few enterprise carried about influences of economic cooperation between North and South Korea at the moment of decision of their site. The survey reveal that enterprises didn't highly estimate the environment in border regions as their business activities. The first dissatisfied condition is insufficiency of labour and difficulty of access for administrative and high level services, due to geographical separation. Considering the recent tendency of spacial reorganization in Capital region is not always good for border regions, border regions have to employ a policy with the object of ameliorating regional business environments and growing up a potentiality of endogenous development.

• 전기의세계
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 1991

전원개발계획은 단독으로 결정되는 것이 아니라 국가경제운용정책 및 에너지 정책과 더불어 전력회사의 요금정책, 부하관리, 재무계획, 전원입지, 송전계통계획 등과 연계되어 결정되어야 한다. 기존의 전원개발계획은 주어진 수요예측안을 이용하여 수요를 기준신뢰도 범위내에서 최소비용으로 만족시킬 수 있도록 전원설비투자를 결정하는 것이었으나 향후로는 부하관리정책을 포함한 수급계획(supply-demand planning)의 수립기법, 미래 수용와 연료 가격등 경제요인의 불확실성 및 환경규제 등의 요인을 감안한 전략계획기법(strategic planning) 그리고 재무계획 등 관련계획 업무를 포함하는 종합계획 모형(corporate planning model)의 구축에 대한 방안을 강구해야 할 것이다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

As globalization of communication is going on and as the media have become increasingly central to the world economy, media policy matters have become the province of world economic organizations like the IMF and the WTO. The WTO service negotiation is focused primarily on the discriminatory and quantitative barriers associated with the trade of audiovisual services. Domestic measures such as subsidization, content regulation including quotas, and licensing requirements and restrictions on foreign ownership and control are at issues here. These measures have been successfully implemented by countries wishing to withstand competition from the American audiovisual industry. The debate about trade in audiovisual services is permeated by the unstated assumption that these programs are pure commodities whose production, distribution, exhibition and in turn, values are solely determined by the market forces. It is therefore presumed that liberalization of trade in audiovisual services will benefit all, serving cultural pluralism and diversity as well as economic efficiency. However, this assumption is not shared by developing countries, the recipients of U.S. television material. They argue audiovisual sector requires a social and cultural approach, since it plays a key role in the preservation of people's identity and social bonds. They claim that it is the each state's right to define its media policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit. These clashing views over the nature of the audiovisual material and the ways in which protect cultural pluralism and diversity do not confine to be the realm of theoretical debate. Each state's interest and motivation to protect its local industry and to have a competitive advantage in the international market is working in this battle. Consolidation with the countries like Australia, Canada, and EU nations, in favour of cultural exemption, seems to be the best policy for us. However, we are not entirely free from the WTO pressures, considering relation to the U. S. This study analyzes Korean Broadcasting Law compared with those of other OECD countries and tries to propose some strategical guidelines facing WTO service negotiation in the area of broadcasting.