• Title/Summary/Keyword: 임종과정

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Thermal Energy Storage System for Air Conditioning (공조용 축열 시스템)

  • 임종성
    • Journal of the KSME
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.183-190
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    • 1993
  • 에너지 문제에 현명하게 대처하기 위해선 폐열과 심야전력을 활용한 축열시스템의 저변확대가 시급하다. 특히 우리나라와 같이 냉난방으로 인한 계절별 전력 수요폭이 심한 나라에서는 공조용 축열 시스템 개발이 필요하다. 현재 우리나라에 보급되고 있는 것은 빙축열 시스템이 대부분인데 지역과 조건 그리고 용량에따라 좀더 다양한 시스템 선택이 필요하다. 그리고 에너지의 축출 방법에 있어서도 전체 공조 시스템의 특성과 효율을 특히 고려해야 할 것이다. 축열 시스템의 핵심은 무엇보다도 축열조의 소형화(compact)와 축열 효율이다. 즉 되도록 작은 크기의 축열조 로써 최대한 많은 에너지를 저장하며 또한 최대한 많은 에너지를 회수하는 것이다. 일반적으로 축열조에 열을 저장 그리고 축출하는 과정에는 에너지(useful energy)의 손실이 생기게 된다. 이는 열전달 과정 중에 시스템 내의 엔트로피의 증가로 생기는 필연적인 손실로 이것을 최소로 하는 설계 기술이 필요하다.

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Concept Analysis of Nurses' Acceptance of Patient Deaths (간호사의 환자죽음 수용에 대한 개념분석)

  • Yi, Mi Joung;Lee, Jeong Seop
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.34-44
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify a theoretical basis of end-of-life care by examining attributes of the concept of the nurses' acceptance of patient deaths. Methods: Walker and Avant's approach to concept analysis was used. A literature study was performed to check the usage of the concept. To identify the attributes of the concept and come up with an operational definition, we analyzed 16 qualitative studies on nurses' experiences of death of patients, published in a national science magazine from 1999 to 2015. Results: The nurses' acceptance of death of patients was identified as having four attributes: acceptance through mourning, attaining insight on life and death while ruminating life, facing with fortitude and practicing human dignity. Antecedents of the concept were experiences of patient's death, confusion and conflict, negative emotions, passive responses, denial of patients' death. The consequences of the concept were found as the holistic end-of-life care and active pursuit of life. Conclusion: This study on the attributes of the concept of the nurses' acceptance of death of patients and it's operational definition will likely lay the foundation for applicable end-of-life care mediations and theoretical development.

The Attitude of the Bereaved Family Attending a Bereavement Memorial Service (사별가족모임과 관련된 사별가족 태도 연구)

  • Jung, In-Soon;Shim, Byoung-Yong;Kim, Young-Seon;Lee, Ok-Kyung;Han, Sun-Ae;Shin, Ju-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Ku;Hwang, Su-Hyun;Ok, Jong-Sun;Kim, Hoon-Kyo
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: Bereavement Memorial Service has been held every year by the hospice team at St. Vincent's Hospital for the purpose of supporting the bereaved family who feel grief and mourning. The purpose of this study is to find out the attitude of the bereaved attending at bereavement memorial service (BMS) and to find out the areas needing improvements to set up better memorial service. Methods: Hospice team sent invitation card to 180 families of patients who admitted and passed away at hospice ward Nov., 2003${\sim}$Oct., 2004. Among them 22 families attended the BMS meeting, which was held on 26th Nov., 2004. The researcher collected data from 22 families with 'Questionnaire' survey. Except identifying data and 2 dichotomy questions, we used open-ended questionnaire. 1 researcher conducted a telephone interview survey in 18 families who couldn't attend at BMS meeting. Results: The median age was 56 (range $16{\sim}19$) and there were 37 females and 3 males. They were patient's wife (22), mother (4), husband (5), daughter (4), mother-in-law (1), siblings (1), brothers wife (1). Duration after bereavement, $1{\sim}3$ months (17) was the highest frequency. 36 families agreed 'the dead experienced the death with dignity'. The reason of agreement to the death with dignity was 'the patient died in preparation' (16). 'the patient died in well-being condition spiritually' (9), 'the patient died in comfort physically (7). 4. persons thought the dead died with indignity. The bereaved defined 'the death with dignity' as follows: 'acceptance of death & death in spiritual well-being' (9), 'death in physical comfort condition' (7), 'the death in psycho-social well-being' (3), non-respondents (10). Most families (21) were still in difficulty to overcome bereavement grief. The answer regarding the method to overcome the difficulty was 'with spiritual sublimation' (13), 'with devotion of oneself in daily life' (10), 'with devotion to mourning as it is' (3). With regard to their attitude to invitation, 'having joy and thanks from hospice team' (21), 'grief' (4), 'suffering' (4). Toward the existence of hesitation about attendance at BMS meeting, the result as follows. Nonexistence of hesitation respondent (34), existence respondent (6), the reason for hesitation was various; 'the meeting reminds me of the suffering times', 'the meeting makes me to recall, and it will be likely to cry', and so on. The needs and feelings to memorial service meeting were various; 'it was meaningful time', 'it was good to recall about the dead', 'more meeting annually' and so on. In respect of the most difficulty after bereavement, in attendant family, 'depression' (10) was the highest frequency, whereas, in non-attendant family, the most difficult thing was 'financial problem/role difficulty (6). Conclusion: This study shows the rate of attendance was high in bereaved whose bereavement duration $1{\sim}3$ month. Most of bereaved were still suffering from bereavement grief within 1 year. Although most families didn't hesitate and felt positive mood to invitation, the rate of attendance was low. Comparing with two groups between attendant family and non-attendant, the latter felt more difficulty in 'financial problem/role difficulty, on the other hand, the former felt difficulty in 'depression'. Hereafter, the additional study about the factor relating to these attitude and needs of the bereaved relating to memorial service will be necessary.

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Study of Subjective View on the Meaning of Well-dying Held by Medical Practitioners and Nursing Students: Based on Q-Methodology (의료인과 간호학생의 웰다잉 의미에 관한 주관성 연구)

  • Kim, Seon Young;Hur, Sung Soun;Kim, Boon Han
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to examine understanding of the meaning of well-dying and types of such views held by medical practitioners and nursing students. Methods: The Q-methodology was used to analyze the subjectivity of each item. The P-sample was made up of 22 medical practitioners or nursing students. The P-sample was instructed to rate 33 statements using a 7-point scale to obtain forced normal distribution. They were asked to make extra comments on the statements that were placed on both ends of the distribution curve. The PC-QUANL Program was used for the factor analysis of the collected data. Results: The participants had three types of meaning of well-dying. Total variance explained by these types was 57.97%" where type 1 was "reality-oriented", type 2 "relationship-oriented" and type 3 "obeying-the-nature". Conclusion: The participants' subjective views on well-dying influences their medical practice on patients who are facing death. Therefore, medical practitioners should have profound insights concerning life and death. To that end, a training program is needed to help medical practitioners develop a proper view on well-dying by subjectivity type.

Design of Automatic Frequency Control Algorithm for DS-SS RTLS Modem (RTLS DS-SS모뎀의 주파수 동기 알고리즘 설계)

  • Kim, Byung-Gun;Lim, Jong-Tae;Park, Hyung-Rae
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.33 no.9A
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    • pp.874-881
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents an automatic frequency control algorithm for RTLS DS-SS modem based on the standard of ISO/IEC 24730-2. The presented automatic frequency control algorithm consists of frequency acquisition mode and frequency tracking mode, and the frequency acquisition mode is divided into the angle estimation step for frequency offset estimation and the verification step for removing the angle ambiguity. In the angle estimation step, three different sub-bit angles are estimated according to the timing intervals, then the estimates are used to re move the angle ambiguity in the verification step. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results of the proposed frequency control algorithm are presented.

Estimation of Forest Carbon Fluxes in South Korea using Flux Observation and Data-driven Technology based on Machine Learning (플럭스 관측과 기계학습 기반의 데이터 주도 기술을 활용한 남한 산림 탄소 플럭스 추정)

  • Cho, Sungsik;Kang, Minseok;Ichii, Kazuhito;Kim, Joon;Lim, Jong-Hwan;Chun, Jung-Hwa;Park, Chanwoo;Kim, Hyun Seok;Choi, Sung-Won;Lee, Seung-Hoon;Indrawati, Yohana Maria;Kim, Jongho;Sohn, Seungwon
    • Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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    • 2019.08a
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    • pp.290-291
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    • 2019
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Awareness and Attitude Change after End-of-Life Care Education for Medical Students (말기환자 돌봄 교육 후 의과대학생의 인식과 태도 변화)

  • Kim, Hyun-Kyung;Nam, Eun-Mi;Lee, Kyoung-Eun;Lee, Soon-Nam
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2012
  • Purposes: Most medical schools in Korea do not provide adequate education in end-of-life care. This study was designed to illustrate the need to improve end-of-life care education and to assess the effect of the education on fourth-year medical students' awareness and attitude towards hospice and palliative care for terminally ill patients. Methods: One hundred sixty six fourth-year medical students were surveyed with questionnaires on end-of-life care before and after they received the education. Results: Before receiving the education, students most frequently answered "at the end of life" (33.6%) was appropriate time to write an advance medical directive. After the education, the most frequent answer was "in healthy status" (58.7%). More students agreed to withholding or withdrawing futile life-sustaining treatment increased after the education (48.1% vs. 92.5% (P<0.001) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 38.3% vs. 92.5% (P<0.001) for intubation and mechanical ventilation, 39.1% vs. 85.8% (P<0.001) for inotropics, 60.9% vs. 94.8% (P<0.001) for dialysis and 27.8% vs. 56.0% (P<0.001) for total parenteral nutrition). Significantly more students opposed euthanasia after the education (46.6% vs. 82.1%, P<0.001). All students agreed to the need for education in end-of-life care. Conclusion: After reflecting on the meaning of death through the end-of-life care education, most students recognized the need for the education. The education brought remarkable changes in students' awareness and attitude towards patients at the end of life. We suggest end-of-life care education should be included in the regular curriculum of all medical schools in Korea.

Digital Forensic Techniques using physical recovery method (물리적 복구 방법을 활용한 디지털 포렌식 기술)

  • Choi, Jae-Min;Shin, Dae-Min;Lee, Sang-Jin;Lim, Jong-In
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2007.02a
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    • pp.146-149
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    • 2007
  • 2000년대에 접어들어 컴퓨터가 보급화 되면서, 컴퓨터를 도구로 하는 범죄가 폭발적으로 증가하기 시작하였다. 컴퓨터 시스템에 접근하여 중요 정보를 빼돌리거나, 범죄의 목적이 되는 해킹과 같은 정보보호 침해사고가 크게 증가하였으며, 컴퓨터를 이용한 정상적인 서비스를 방해하는 형태의 디지털 범죄들이 다수 발생하기 시작하였다. 따라서 범죄 수사 과정에서 전자 매체에 대한 분석이 필수 불가결한 요소로 등장하고 있으며, 이를 분석하려는 디지털 포렌식 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 전자 매체에 기록되는 디지털 정보는 보관이 편리하지만 삭제와 복제가 용이하므로 디지털 증거는 매우 세심하게 다루어야 하며, 수사관에 의한 의도적인 훼손이 없었음을 증명할 수 있는 절차와 제도가 필요하다. 국내에서는 적법한 수사 절차와 무결성을 보장하기 위하여 '절차 연속성(chain-of-custody)'을 제공하는 수사 가이드라인을 제작하였으며, 체계적인 수사를 수행 하고 있다.[4] 이와 더불어 포렌식 수사 과정에서 물리적인 접근을 통해 디지털 저장 매체에 대한 복구할 수 있는 방법이 존재하며, 이에 대한 구체적인 방안을 논한다.[1]

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Practical Methods of Live-CD usage for Case-Relevance Response in Korea (국내 수사 환경을 고려한 LiveCD 활용 방법 제안)

  • Lee, Seung-Bong;Choi, Jae-Min;Lee, Sang-Jin;Lim, Jong-In
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.43-46
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    • 2008
  • 디지털 증거의 수집은 컴퓨터 포렌식 수사절차에서 매우 중요하다. 디지털 증거는 특히 용의자가 범죄 과정에서 노출한 증거들을 획득한다는 것에 의미가 있으며, 현재 이러한 디지털 증거 수집을 위한 많은 도구들이 활용되고 있다. 그 중 LiveCD는 대상 운영체제의 영향을 받지 않고, CD 자체를 통해 저장된 다양한 포렌식 툴을 사용 할 수가 있다. 또한 여러 종류의 파일 시스템을 지원하기 때문에 초기 대응에 아주 유용하게 사용되며, 위 과정을 통해 수집된 데이터는 무결성 검증을 통해 증거 수사에 활용된다. 현재 여러 가지 LiveCD를 수사에 활용하고 있으나, 각 도구들 마다 지원하는 포렌식 툴이 다르고 지원하는 운영체제도 다양하다. 따라서 상황에 따라 적절한 LiveCD를 활용하는 것은 매우 중요하며, 이를 통해 증거의 수집을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 국외의 포렌식용 LiveCD 현황에 대한 조사 및 비교 분석하여 국내 수사 환경을 고려한 LiveCD 활용 방안에 대해 제시 한다.

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