• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinds of native and prohibitive foods in Hansan-Do area. The kinds of the prohibitive foods and the reason prohibiting those from pregnant or lactating woman, fisherman and sick people were surveyed by using a guestionnaire from 1994 to 1998. The results showed that Chungmu Gimbab was perceived highly as a native foods and the reason for prohibiting specific foods was not based on scientific evidences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2002

The immunohistochemical localization of the nerve growth factor (NGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNIF) in the developing Mongolian gerbil forebrain was investigated by the immunohistochemical and electron microscopy methods. Generally, the NGF specifically recognizes the neurons, the GFAP does the glia, and the CNIF does the motor neurons. This study demonstrates the location of the NGF, GFAP and CNTF in the developing Mongolian gerbil from the embryonic days 17 (E17) to the postnatal weeks 3 (PNW 3). The NGF was localized at E19 in the olfactocy bulb and the cerebral cortex, expanded to the hippocampus, and the diagonal bond from the late prenatal period to PNW 3. GFAP was observed in the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle at E17, projected into the cerebral cortex at E19. The GFAP was observed to have the largest numbers in several parts of the forebrain at the postnatal days 2 (PND2), while the most numerous CNTF was observed at PNW 2. The CNTF-IR cells were observed only in the postnatal days and were found in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex both neuron and neuroglia at PND3. Electron microscopy showed that the NGF, GFAP and CNTF were not related to any connections with any particular subcellular structure. These results suggest that NGF, GFAP and CNTF be related to the neuron and neuroglia at the prenatal and postnatal stages in the developing Mongolian gerbil.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2011

Purpose: Cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortions (SABs) provides valuable information to establish the causes of fetal loss, information that is essential to provide accurate reproductive and genetic counseling couples. Such analysis also provides information on the frequencies and types of chromosomal abnormalities and associated risks of recurrence. However, there have only been a few reports of chromosomal abnormalities in small samples of SABs in the Korean population. Here, we report the incidence and spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities for cases of 470 SAB in Korea. Material and Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, a total of 470 products of conception (POC) resulting from SABs were submitted to our laboratory for cytogenetic analysis from various medical sites in Korea. The incidences and types of specific chromosomal abnormalities were determined. The abnormalities were distinguished by gestational age at the time of SAB and by maternal age. Results: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in POCs was 54.3% (255/470), including 228 (89.3%) numerical and 27 (10.7%: 3 balanced and 24 unbalanced) structural abnormalities. Among the numerical abnormalities, trisomy was predominant (67.0%), followed by monosomy X (12.5%), polyploidy (8.2%), triple X (0.8%), and autosomal monosomy (0.8%). The overall sex ratio (male: female) among the 470 POCs with normal and abnormal karyotypes were 0.58 and 0.65, respectively. Trisomies were identified for each autosome, with the exceptions of 1, 3, and 19. Among the 171 autosomal trisomies, trisomy 16 was the most common (19.9%), followed by trisomy 22 (13.5%), trisomy 21 (12.3 %), trisomy 15 (9.9%), and trisomies 18 and 13 (5.3%). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities decreased with gestational age and increased with maternal age, but only because of increases in trisomies and complex abnormalities. Conclusions: We have presented a large collection of cytogenetic data for SABs collected during the past 6 years and provided a database for prenatal genetic counseling of parents who have experienced SABs in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2008

Objective: To investigate the effects of aromatase inhibitor on reproductive hormone profiles and evaluate it's ovulation inducing capability in anovulatory infertile women. Methods: We quantified the blood levels of reproductive hormones from 30 healthy normal cycling women in natural cycle (control) and letrozole medicated cycle (study). LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, DHEA-S were quantified on third, 11th, 21th day in both cycles, and on 21th day, progesterone was added. Sixth anovulatory infertile women received either letrozole or clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction (n=30 in each groups). We compared the clinical parameters such as ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, the day of LH surge, number of follicles and endometrial thickness, cervical mucus amount, spinnbarkeit, mean diameter of follicles on the day of LH surge. Results: Letrozole had no effect on the LH, FSH, estradiol, DHEA-S secretion but there were significant increase in testosterone level on day 11 and progesterone level on day 21 in letrozole medicated cycle compared than control cycle ($0.40{\pm}0.16$ vs $0.28{\pm}0.11\;ng/ml$, p=0.002, $18.18{\pm}13.07$ vs $8.38{\pm}7.64\;ng/ml$, p=0.001, respectively). In comparison between letrozole and clomiphene groups, there were no significant difference in ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, number of mature follicle, mean diameter of follicles, but showed earlier LH surge, thicker endometrium, more cervical mucus, and higher spinnbarkeit in letrozole group ($12.12{\pm}2.46$ vs $14.52{\pm}3.18$ days, p=0.006, $10.48{\pm}1.23$ vs $8.52{\pm}0.93\;mm$, p=0.000, $2.04{\pm}0.61$ vs $1.57{\pm}0.59$, p=0.012, $6.00{\pm}1.12$ vs $4.95{\pm}1.61\;cm$, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Letrozole may augment folliculogenesis and improve the endometrial condition for implantation in normal cycling women. Ovulation efficacy of letrozole in anovulatory women was comparable to clomiphene citrate and letrozole may be more physiological in ovulation induction.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2014

Investigations for hematologic values and the differential count of WBC for Korean indigenous cattle (KIC) and Stripped Cattle (SC) are rarely performed. Therefore, when the index of complete blood counts (CBC) analysis of KIC and SC were requested, it had many difficulties to make the results for blood condition since the standard hematologic values of KIC and SC are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigated the hematologic values and the differential count of WBC for blood of total 19 striped cattle (SC) and 187 KIC as a control by estimation analysis of hematologic characteristics. As a result, the mean values of RBC and platelet of KIC were significantly decreased by age (P<0.05). The mean values of RBC, HCT, MCV and MCHC between KIC and SC of the same age (2~3 years) showed the statistical significance (P<0.05). Also, in the WBC of KIC, the mean values were decreased according to the age from $13.8{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ under 1 year to $9.5{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ over 5 years. In the differential count of WBC of KIC, it showed generally the rates of 46.2% lymphocyte and 36% segmented neutrophil. Additionally, in comparative analysis between pregnant and non-pregnant group of KIC, the mean values of Hg and HCT in pregnant group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). In conclusion, data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpretation of the results in hematologic analysis of KIC. Result of this study will be used for establishing reference range for hematologic analysis in SC.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2008

Purpose : Some antibiotics were known to exert neuroprotective effects in the animal model of hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury, but the mechanism is still unclear. A recent study reported that geneticin (G418), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, increased survival of human breast cancer cells by suppressing apoptosis. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of systemically administrated geneticin via anti-apoptosis following the H-I brain injury Methods : Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were subjected to unilateral (left) common carotid artery occlusion followed by 2.5 hours of hypoxic exposure and the cortical cell culture of rat brain was done under a hypoxic incubator. Apoptosis was measured in the injured hemispheres 7 days after H-I insult and in the injured cells from hypoxic chamber using morphologic analysis by Terminal dUTP Nick-end Labeling(TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, and cytologic analysis by western blot and real time PCR for bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3. Results : The gross appearance and hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed increased brain volume in the geneticin-treated animal model of perinatal H-I brain injury. The TUNEL assay revealed decreased apoptotic cells after administration of geneticin in the cell culture model of anoxia. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased caspase-3 expression in geneticin-treated cortical cell culture. Western blot and real-time PCR showed decreased caspase-3 expression and decreased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in geneticin-treated animal model. Conclusion : Geneticin appears to exert a neuroprotective effect against perinatal H-I brain injury at least via anti-apoptosis. However, more experiments are needed in order to demonstrate the usefulness of geneticin as a preventive and rescue treatment for H-I brain injuries of neonatal brain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 2007

Purpose : We performed this study to investigate the outcome of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) in above nearterm neonates who were required mechanical ventilatory care due to meconium aspiration pneumonia (MAP), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or other severe pneumonia (PN). Methods : 48 patients, gestational period ${\geq}36weeks$, who were admitted in NICU of Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University between July 1999 and June 2004 were enrolled. They were divided into three groups, MAP group (15 cases), RDS group (27 cases) and PN group (6 cases). All patients were received SRT and evaluated several clinical data (gestational age, oxygen index, duration of ventilator care) and outcome (complications and mortality rate) between pre-SRT and post-SRT. The mean dose of surfactant (modified bovine surfactant, Newfacten, Yuhan Co., Seoul, Korea) was 120 mg/kg. Results : Among each groups, mean pre-SRT OI was higher in MAP group ($21{\pm}3.2$) than other groups, mean duration (days) of ventilatory care and oxygen therapy were similar distributions. Compared with pre-SRT values, significant improvements (P<0.05) in mean values for FiO2 and oxygenation index were documented at 12 hours after SRT. Early complications (persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborm, pneumothorax) and survival rate were lower in MAP group. Within RDS group, earlier SRT (given before 12 hours of life) revealed significantly lower early complication rate than later SRT (given after 12 hours of life) (13.3% vs 58.3%, P<0.05) Conclusion : Our study suggested that SRT seems to be an effective therapy in above nearterm neonates with severe pulmonary disease, and earlier SRT tends to reduce complications in RDS group than later therapy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1985

The present study was carried out to determine sex hormone levels in serum throughout estrous cycle in Korean native goats. LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone in serum analyzed every 2 days from the estrus (day 0) to the 20th day of estrous cycle by the radioimmunoassay. The concentration of serum LH was high level with 3.27 mIU/ml on the day of estrus, then decreased rapidly to l.05~1.73 mIU/ml from the day 2 of estrous cycle to the day 18. A similar tendency was observed in the prolactin concentration, however the ranges of variation were not so marked as those of LH concentration. FSH concentrations determined were below 1.25 mIU/ml in all observation time. The concentration of serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ was the highest, 23.62 pg/ml on the day of estrus, but the levels of 4.56~9.75 pg/ml were maintained during the other days of estrous cycle. Progesterone concentrations were the lowest, 0.45 ng/ml on the day of estrus and thereafter increased gradually to 8.85 ng/ml on the day 14 of estrous cycle, then decreased again. Serum LH concentrations before and after estrus maintained high levels during the 12 hours, i. e., 6 hours before and 6 hours after estrus. The concentrations of FSH were below 1.25 mIU/ml during the observation period. Prolactin concentrations were observed high levels during 24 hours, i.e., 12 hours before and 12 hours after estrus. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ concentrations before and after estrus maintained high levels during the 24 hours, i.e., 12 hours before and 12 hours after estrus. The tendency of changes in progesterone concentrations were contrary to that of estradiol-$17{\beta}$.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2009

To understand the steroidogenic activities and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) profiles according to the reproductive phases in the oblong rockfish Sebastes oblongus, we examined changes in sex steroid hormones and plasma vitellogenin. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) was significantly higher value in only ovulation stage (P<0.05). In vitellogenesis, plasma estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) had a high level in August which was a similar higher level until ovulation than other ovarian development stages (P<0.05). However, $E_2$ was significantly decreased after embryo stage (P<0.05). This indicates that variability in $E_2$ at different stage is associated with the development of the oocytes. Plasma levels of $17{\alpha}$, $20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) were significantly high at the stages of vitellogenesis and ovulation (P<0.001). It is assumed that DHP plays an important role in vitellogenesis. Also, We determined the plasma levels of vitellogenin (VTG) divided the development stage into four steps: immaturation, vitellogenesis, and ovulation and parturition. A significant lower levels of VTG were shown in immaturation and parturition (P<0.05), which did not discriminate between them. However, in vitellogenesis and ovulation were shown in a remarkable higher levels of VTG(P<0.05), but not significantly different between them. Consequently, plasma VTG levels were considerably increased after October and maintained a higher concentration until ovulation, but significantly decreased after ovulation. It is suggested that VTG plays also an important role in the development of vitellogenesis and oogenesis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the change of ovarian reserve after removal of ovarian tumor using basal FSH, $E_2$, clomiphene citrate challenge test and ovarian volume. Methods: Twenty two patients with unilateral ovarian tumor, ${\leq}35$ years old, regular menstrual cycle were collected prospectively and divided into endometrioma or non-endometrioma group. We measured the ovarian volume with transvaginal ultrasonography on the day 3 of menstrual cycle within one month before and 3 months after surgery. Basal (cycle day 3) FSH, $E_2$ and CCCT were checked before surgery and repeated at least 2 spontaneous cycles later after surgery. Three patients that had been pregnant within 3 months after surgery were excluded in analysis. Results: The ovarian volume was reduced significantly after surgery in endometrioma and non-endometrioma ${\geq}10\;cm$ group ($4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$ and $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$, respectively), but not in the non-endometrioma <10 cm group ($6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$). After surgery, basal FSH and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT in endometrioma and non-endometrioma were $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$ and $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$, $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$ and $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$, respectively. There were neither significant difference in comparison with the preoperative results nor between two groups. Conclusions: Enucleation of ovarian mass was associated with a significant reduction in ovarian volume in endometrioma and non-endometrioma larger than 10cm in diameter. Hormonal markers for evaluation of ovarian reserve, such as basal and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT, were not changed significantly in each group. In reproductive age women, conservative enucleation or cystectomy rather than oophorectomy should be considered even in a large benign tumor and ovarian function could be reserved by meticulous operative technique.