• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 1987

Infection rate of the blister rust was investigated with special reference to the effect of eight stand factors at 221 plots selected from 131 Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z,) stands, and the data were analyzed by multivariated statistical analysis. Environmental factors such as the density of Pedicularis spp., alternate hosts of the Korean pine blister rust, altitude, stand age, aspect, and pruning treatment, from the highest to the lowest were found to be related to the occurrence of the rust disease, Density of Pedicularis spp, was the most closely related to the' infection rate than any other factors, Especially, Pedicularis spp. growing naturally inside the pine stand had an important effect on the infection rate, but those on the outside more than 100m away had little effects, The higher the elevation, the heavier the infection rate. Infection was the heaviest at the altitudes of above 1,000m with high relative humidity and cool temperature. Infection rate was severe in young stands below 10 years old and had a reducing tendency as they mature. Stands above 16 years old were more resistant. The infection rate by the aspect of stand was higher at E- NE and W -SW exposures than at S-SE and N -NW. The infection rate at non-pruning stands was higher than at pruning stands with the lowest branch being at least 60cm high from the ground.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 1999

Loblolly(Pinus taeda L.) and slash(Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines are the most important timber producing species in the Southern United States. Site index equations to estimate site index curves(base age 25 years) for loblolly pine and slash pine plantations have been developed based on long-term repeated measurement data sets. To check magnitude of errors in estimating site index, each cumulative measurement cycle data sets and all combined data sets were used to recalculate site index values. The Chapman-Richards' growth function was selected for stand height prediction. Anamorphic base age invariant site index curves were presented based on this height prediction equation. Statistics used in the evaluation were mean of the differences and mean of the absolute differences. For plantation ages less than 5 years, site index values showed very sensitive fur both species based on the evaluation test.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vegetation structure of Daphniphyllum macropodum community in the Geumseon Valley area of Naejangsan National Park. To do so, thirty-seven plots($100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed plots were divided into four groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; (I)Carpinus laxiflora community (II)Carpinus laxiflora community (III)Deciduous Broad-leaved community and (IV)Zelkova serrata community. The results of vegetation structure analysis were; Daphniphyllum macropodum did not appeared in the canopy later but in understory and shrub layer. Even though Daphniphyllum macropodum will not be dominant species in the canopy later, but it was expected that Daphniphyllum macropodum will be major species in understory and shrub layer. The expected age of forest of the Geumseon Valley where Carpinus laxiflora and Zelkova serrata were dominant trees in canopy layer, was about 50 years old while that of Daphniphyllum macropodum in understory layer was 20 years old.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2001

The case study of the Cooperatives' members and Sincere Forest Managers/Forest Successors was carried out to find the determinants affecting the forest investment of private forest owners and analyze their effects on it. For this the landowners' forest investment probability function was estimated using the logistical regression model. The results showed that the forest investment of the Cooperatives' members was the function of forest area, stand age, forest income, and technical assistance. Three of the variables (forest income, forest area, and technical assistance) exhibited a positive effect on the forest investment as expected, while stand age showed a negative effect unlike the expectation of the study. In case of Sincere Forest Managers and Forest Successors forest area, distance(1)(distance from forest to road accessible by vehicle), knowledge of financing program, and forest income were significant indicators for the forest investment. All these variables showed the expected signs; forest area, knowledge of financing, and forest income had a positive effect on the forest investment, and distance(1) showed a negative effect.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop growth model and to estimate carbon storage of Quercus variablis stands. The study sites were located in the Yangpyeong and Gangneung regions. A total of 30 sample trees were harvested for data collection. According to the results of the application of Chapman-Richards model in this study, the coefficient of determination($R^2$) for the DBH-height model in Yangpyeong region was 97% while 94% in Gangneung regions. For the age-height relationship, the $R^2$ in Yangpyeong regions was 99% while 94% in Gangneung regions. The total carbon stored in Yangpyeong region was $83.0Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ while $137.3Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ in Gangneung.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2023

This study was established to investigate the site environment of mixed forests in Korea and to estimate the growth and yield of stands using national forest resources inventory data. The growth of mixed forests was derived by applying the Chapman-Richards model with diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and cross-sectional area at breast height (BA), and the yield of mixed forests was derived by applying stepwise regression analysis with factors such as cross-sectional area at breast height, site index (SI), age, and standing tree density per ha. Mixed forests were found to be growing in various locations. By climate zone, more than half of them were distributed in the temperate central region. By altitude, about 62% were distributed at 101-400 m. The fitness indexes (FI) for the growth model of mixed forests, which is the independent variable of stand age, were 0.32 for the DBH estimation, 0.22 for the height estimation, and 0.18 for the basal area at breast height estimation, which were somewhat low. However, considering the graph and residual between the estimated and measured values of the estimation equation, the use of this estimation model is not expected to cause any particular problems. The yield prediction model of mixed forests was derived as follows: Stand volume =-162.6859+6.3434 ∙ BA+9.9214 ∙ SI+0.7271 ∙ Age, which is a step- by-step input of basal area at breast height (BA), site index (SI), and age among several growth factors, and the determination coefficient (R²) of the equation was about 96%. Using our optimal growth and yield prediction model, a makeshift stand yield table was created. This table of mixed forests was also used to derive the rotation of the highest production in volume.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.252-267
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• 2001

계룡산국립공원 동학사-남매탑구간의 산림군집구조를 분석하기 위하여 64개 조사구를 설정하고 식생구조를 실시하였다. Classification의 기법 중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군집분리를 시도하였으며, 그 결과 소나무 군집(I), 굴참나무-소나무군집(II), 서어나무-굴참나무군집(III), 굴참나무-졸참나무군집(IV), 서어나무-까지박달군집(V), 신갈나무-서어나무군집(VI), 느티나무-졸참나무군집(VII) 그리고 느티나무군집(VIII)의 8개로 분리되었다. 연륜분석결과 이지역의 임령은 약 60년 안팍이었으며, 단위면적(100$\m^2$)당 평균출현종수는 15.0$\pm$3.2종. 평균출현개체수는 95.7$\pm$37.3주었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 계룡산국립공원이 동학사-남매탑구간 지역은 소나무림에서 굴참나무, 졸참나무, 신갈나무림을 거쳐 서어나무, 까지박달림으로 천이가 진행될것으로 예상되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-198
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• 1999

최근 개발의 압력을 받고 있는 충청북도 영동 민주지산을 대상으로 산림의 질을 평가하고 관리대상을 제시하고자 73개 조사구를 설정하여 조사를 실시하였다. 분석을 위해 27개의 식생과 지리정보변수를 마련하였다. 자료의 양을 줄이기 위해 ordination 기법과 요인분석을 사용하여 변수를 축소시켰다. 식생을 분석한 결과 다섯 개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 이는 DCA에서도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 요인분석에서는 13개의 변수가 5개가 요인으로 압축되었는데, 요인 1은 수종의 풍부도, 요인 2는 건중량, 요인 3은 밀도, 요인 4는 임령 그리고 요인 5는 지리적 특성으로 나뉘어졌다. 천이상황를 예측하는 모형은 다중회귀로 표현되었고, 주요 변수로는 유기물의 깊이, Shannon의 종다양도 그리고 흉고직경이 사용되었다. 그리고 GIS를 이용한 산림관리의 의사결정과정을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.539-551
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• 1996

In this study, a number of distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level which incorporate the tree sizes and distances to competitors, and traditional stand-level density measures were estimated from the data compiled with position-dependent survey in a Pinus densiflora stand. The performance of the estimated competition indices was examined by comparing the relationship with the diameter growth, and a dbh growth function, in which the competition index is considered as a one of influence factors, are developed. In the searching method of competing trees, the competition index estimated with $30^{\circ}$ competition interrupting angle showed the highest correlation with the annual dbh growth, while the expanding the competing zone distance had no significant effect on the performance of competition index in estimating annual dbh growth. The most of the examined stand-level competition indices, based on distance-dependent single-tree competition indices, were evaluated to describe similarly the stand competition status. As a result of partial correlation analysis in which the effect of age and site index are eliminated, Alemdag's mean competition index and relative spacing index were determined to have the highest correlation with dbh. The relative spacing index, which can be easily measured in field without measuring the position of individual trees, was considered to be a better suited one for estimating mean dbh of a stand. Among distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level, Hegyi's competition index showed the best performance in their correlation with annual dbh growth, if eliminated the effect of site index and dbh. This enabled to derive the following annual dbh growth function of individual trees which incorporate age, dominant height, dbh and Hegyi's competition index as influence factors : $$dbh^{\prime}=3.975362676{\cdot}age^{-1.099274613}{\cdot}ho^{0.199893990}{\cdot}dbh^{0.269430865}{\cdot}HgCI^{-0.353643587}$$ This function is coincided to the growth principle in which site index has a positive effect on the annual dbh growth, while high age or competition causes to reduce the annual dbh growth, and can be used as a function in single tree growth model.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of forest watershed factors by using the quantification theory(I) for evaluation and prediction of the failure hazard area. Present $sediment(m^3/yr/ha)$ of erosion control dams were investigated in 95 sites of erosion control dam constructed during 1986 to 1999 in Gyeongnam province. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; General condition of class I(Very hazard area) were as follow; Igneous rock in parent rock, coniferous in forest type, below 20year in stand age, below 30cm in soil depth, SCL in soil texture, $31{\sim}40%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}E$ in aspect, $2,501{\sim}3,600m$ in length of main stream, $26{\sim}30$ in number of total streams, $6,601{\sim}10,000m$ in length of total streams, over 3 in stream order, over 16 in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class IIl(hazard area) were as follow; Metamorphic rock in parent rock, hardwood in forest type, over $21{\sim}24year$ in stand age, $31{\sim}40cm$ in soil depth, SiCL or SCL in soil texture, $11{\sim}20%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}W$ in aspect, $1,501{\sim}2,600m$ in length of main stream, $6{\sim}10$ in number of total streams, $3,501{\sim}5,500m$ in length of total streams, 2 in stream order, $6{\sim}10$ in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class III(Un hazard area) were as follow; Sedimentary rock in parent rock, mixed in forest type, over 25year in stand age, $41{\sim}50cm$ in soil depth, SiCL in soil texture, below 10% in gravel contents, $N{\sim}W$ in aspect, below 500m in length of main stream, below 5 in number of total streams, below 1,000m in length of total treams, below 1 in stream order, below 2 in number of first streams order and below $25^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. The prediction method of suitable for failure hazard area divided into class I, II, and III for the convenience of use. The score of class I evaluated as a very hazard area was over 4.8052. A score of class II was 4.8051 to 2.5602, it was evaluated as a hazard area, and class III was below 2.5601, it was evaluated as a un hazard area.