• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the degrees of depression and activities of daily living (ADLs), and to identify factors that predict depression in elderly patients. Methods: The sample was149 patients (80% female; mean age 79.1) from three geriatric hospitals located in small cities and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected by staff nurses involved in direct patient care from October to September 2009. The level of depression was measured on a daily basis for seven days using a 13-item scale. Patients' ADLs was measured using a modified 10-item Bathel ADLs scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: Mean depression score was $10.05{\pm}4.77$ out of 26 points and about 27% was assessed as depressed with more than 13 points. Multiple regression analysis showed that low educational level, absence of spouse and fewer family visits predict depression. In addition, low ADLs and sleep disturbance predict depression. Conclusion: Nursing care providers need to be concerned about ADLs of older patients and should develop nursing activity programs to increase their in-hospital physical activities. It is also important care for older patients' sleep and encourages family visits to decrease their depression.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.489-501
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health behavior-related characteristics, self-esteem, activities of daily living, and family support on depression in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The participants were 229 elders sampled from Seoul and other five provinces. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and data were analyzed by applying t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS 8.12. Results: There was a negative correlation between depression, MMSE-K, self-esteem, ADL, IADL, and family support. Depression and health behavior-related characteristics showed a significant difference according to stress level and the reason of stress. Major factors that affected the elders depression were self-esteem, the amount of alcohol drinking, sleeping hours, ADL and the cognition of health status, which explained 59.4%. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, self-esteem and health behavior-related characteristics including alcohol drinking, sleeping hours and ADL were the influencing factors of depression in the community-dwelling elderly. Therefore, effective psychological and physical health promotion methods need to be developed and applied in nursing interventions to prevent depression in the community-dwelling elderly.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to verify the effect of rhythmic activity program on the elderly particularly their level of instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), depression and sleep. Method: The design of this study is one-group pretest-post test design. Three self-reported questionnaires were used as follows: first, the IADL Scale developed by Lawton and Brody(1969) and revised by Suh(1996) for measuring IADL, second, the Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Sheikh and Yesavage(1986) and revised by Song(1991) for measuring depression, third, Korean Sleep Scale developed by Oh, Song, & Kim(1998) for measuring sleep aspects; fourth, the applied version of Facial Pain Scale developed by Wong & Baker(1988) and revised by Song(2004) for measuring sleep quality. Twenty-seven elderlies carried out 50 minutes of rhythmic activity program for 4 weeks. Before and after the experiment, they were tested for IADL, depression and sleep. Collected data were processed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program analyzed by the frequency, percentage, mean and paired t-test. Results: The improvement in IADL of the elderly was not enhanced significantly but depression and sleep disorders significantly decreased. Conclusion: Rhythmic activity program is an effective nursing intervention for the elderly.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2014

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the degree of social support, self-esteem, and motivation for rehabilitation in stroke patients and examine correlations between activities of daily living and study variables. Furthermore, this study explored factors that influence on activities of daily living. Methods: The study population was 192 stroke patients admitted in two general hospitals and two rehabilitation hospitals in M city. We collected the data using the structured questionnaires from July 11 to September 30, 2013. Results: The higher degree of social support, self-esteem, motivation for rehabilitation, the higher performance level for activities of daily living. Influencing factors of activities of daily living in the participants were motivation for rehabilitation(${\beta}$=.32, p<.001) and social support(${\beta}$=.31, p<.001). The model explained 45.9% of the variance. Conclusion: This study shows that intrinsic motivation of change in stroke patients themselves, a strong will to return to society and social supports are important factors on activities of daily living. Therefore, it is needed to develop a systemic nursing intervention improving activities of daily living in stroke patients through positive social support from patients' family members and health care providers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations among ADL, self-efficacy, physical activity and cognitive function in elders. Methods: A total of 257 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from November 1 to November 30, 2008. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: Differences in ADL, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cognitive functions according to general characteristics were as follows. ADL was significantly different according to age, cohabitation, recognition on health, and successful aging. Self-efficacy was significantly different according to cohabitation, recognition on health, and successful aging. Physical activity was significantly different according to age, educational level, cohabitation, and cognition on health. Cognitive function was significantly different according to age, educational level, job, and recognition on health. The correlation coefficient (r) of the ADL variables was .565 for self-efficacy, .633 for physical activity and .460 for cognitive function. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.573-581
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among quality of sleep, depression, late-life function and disability in community-dwelling older women with urinary incontinence. Methods: A stratified random sampling method was conducted to recruit participants from May 10 to August 17, 2007. Data were collected by questionnaires, which were constructed to include lower urinary tract symptoms, quality of sleep, depression, and late-life function and disability in 128 community-dwelling older women. Results: The major findings of this study were as follow: 1) 56.3% of participants belonged to urinary incontinence group. 2) There were significant relationships between depression and sleep latency, sleep duration, daytime dysfunction, quality of sleep, function component, frequency dimension, and limitation dimension. 3) Depression was significantly associated with frequency dimension, limitation dimension in capability which explained 44% of variance in depression. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of sleep quality, depression, late-life function and disability in the community-dwelling older women with urinary incontinence. Therefore, health programs for prompting older women's health should be planned based on results of the study.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of use of a horticultural program on the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and hand grip strength of institutionalized dementia patients. Method: Twenty three study participants completed a five week protocol comprised of one week of baseline and four weeks of treatment. The study design was a one group repeated measurement study. For the first and fifth week of the study period, data was collected with 3 instruments: Korean Version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-K), Katz's ADL index, hand grip strength. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10.0. Result: Total HDS-K score(p=.000), Activities of daily living(p=.013) and hand grip strength(p=.001) was significantly improved after treatment compared to the baseline. Conclusion: The horticultural program was effective for improving cognitive function, ADL and hand grip strength of the dementia patients. Repeated studies utilizing a control group are needed, using various durations, plants and processes, to confirm these results and to standardize the horticultural program protocol.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-229
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), leg muscle strength, cognitive and visual functions according to the participants' demographic characters and experiences of falling in Korean elder who are residents in the community. Method: Data were collected from 351 participants aged 65 or more, who were ambulatory, A structured questionnaire and several physical function measurements were used to collect the data which were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: The participants' IADL scores were significantly different according to their age, educational level and living situation. The leg muscle strength of the elders were significantly different according to gender and age, and were also related the risk of falling. Cognitive scores were significantly different according to gender, age, education level and marital status. Visual acuity and depth perception were significantly different according to age, education level, and marital status. Conclusion: Demographic variables and experience of falling were identified as variables related to IADL, leg muscle strength, cognitive and visual function of elders. Further study with a larger and nation-wide sample is needed to identify the variables related to the physical and cognitive functions of elders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among depression, somatic symptoms, and activities of daily living of elderly women in urban areas. Method: After obtaining participant's consent forms, a one-time, face-to-face, and private interview was conducted with each participant from Sep, 2006 to Jan, 2007 by trained graduate-level students. The questionnaire consisted of K-GDS, PHQ-15, Barthel Index, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS/PC 12.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows 1) 34.1% of participants belonged to the depression group. 2) There were significant relationships between depression and monthly income, somatic symptoms, ADL, IADL, and number of chronic disease. 3) Significant factors influencing depression were somatic symptoms, ADL, and monthly income. Conclusion: The results of this study give useful information for designing interventions and program development for appropriate depression management and care for elderly women.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to prove the effects of the net-step exercise (NSE) on gait ability, depression, cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 64 community-dwelling older adults were recruited and divided equally into two groups; 32 subjects for an experimental group and 32 subjects for a control group. In the experimental group, the NSE was applied to an hour, two times per week for 4 weeks. The level of gait ability, depression, cognitive function and ADL were measured before and after NSE. The study conducted from July to August, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS/WIN 22.0 version. Results: Gait ability, depression, cognitive function were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings in this study showed that the NSE was an efficient intervention for older adults. Nurses could apply non-pharmacological interventions to avoid pharmacological side-effects.