• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Tongbi-san extract (TS) on RAW264.7 macrophages using by cell cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ghdrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capability. Methods : Cell cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The production of NO was measured by Griess assay. The production of $PGE_2$ was measured by immunoassay. And the anti-oxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. Results : TS did not increased significantly compared to the TS untreated group in the cell cytotoxicity. TS inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. TS had the DPPH free radical scavenging capability. Conclusion : The anti-inflammtory and anti-oxidant effects of TS may be use for a treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of acupuncture on sore throat. Methods Based on the PubMed search with the key search terms of 'sore throat, acupuncture', dated from 1992 to 2015, 7 controlled trials and 8 case series was found, and were analyzed for this study. Results 1. The most commonly used acupoints were Quchi (LI11), and Hegu (LI4). 2. The most commonly used meridians were The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin and The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming. 3. Acupuncture treatment was effective for both acute and chronic sore throat. 4. More clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of the acupuncture on sore throat. To be more objective on the study results, we can measure temperature drops on or amount of analgesic consumption for sore throat after acupuncture treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Objective : For various reasons, Obesity & Rhinitis are constantly rising. So Interest of treatment has been expanding. We want to verify The Chungyeol (fire extinguishing) Lisup (Draining) effect of Bangpungtongsungsan on obese model of allergy rhinitis.Material and Methods : BALB/c mouse were divided four groups: control(CON), allergic induction(ARE), Bangpungtongsungsan extract administration(BTT), Bangpungtongsungsan double concentration extract administration (BT2T). Every group except control group were caused allergic rhinitis by Ovalbumin. BTT & BT2T were orally administered the Bangpungtongsungsan for 21days. Since then we observed the liver tissue cell and the nasal mucous membrane.Results : In comparison with ARE, experimental groups show relief of the nasal mucous membrane damage(secretion of mucus decrease, Itching decrease), Th2 eruption control(IL-4 decline), effect of anti-inflamatory(reducing TNF-α creation, decreasing of iNOS through NF-κB activation-inhibition). In addition, experimental groups show a loss in weight, diminished accumulation of fat. (decreasing within liver tissue, reducing TNF-α creation) BT2T is more effective to BTT.Conclusion : Bangpungtongsungsan treat obese model on allergy rhinitis thereby control fat augmentation, relieving inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Gagamtongchung-san and Korean medicine on the treatment of nummular eczema. Methods : A 52-year-old male had suffered from nummular eczema in forearm, dorsum manus and fossa cubitalis. We treated him with herbal medicine, acupuncture and herbal external medicine. In order to evaluate the results of these treatments, we observed pruritus and heat sensation of the patients and took photographs of the lesions. Results : After treatment, the nummular eczema lesions of patient was remarkably disappeared, NRS of pruritus and heat sensation decreased from 10 to under 2 and DLQI score changed from 28 to 9. Conclusions : According to the result, Gagamtongchung-san and Korean medicine can be effective for the treatment of nummular eczema and the improvement of quality-of-life.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.169-176
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory effect of Gagamtongsung-San(GTS) on the cancer. Methods : This study estimated the cytotoxicity of GTS about L1210 and NIH3T3. We used GTS extract distilled with water, n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Butanol. The cytotoxicitys of GTS about cancer cells and normal cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). Results : The results of this study were obtained as follow ; l. Cytotoxicity of water extract of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significantly increased, compared with NIH3T3. 2. n-Hexane fraction of GTS had similar cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3, and that have similar $IC_{50}$ of water extract of GTS at 276 ${\mu}g/ml$ 3. Ethyl acetate fraction of GTS had low degree cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3 cell lines. 4. Butanol fraction of GTS had cytotoxicity between L1210 and NIH3T3. Significantly, Cytotoxicity of GTS in L1210 cell lines was significant increased. 5. $H_2O$ fraction of GTS had no cytotoxicity both L1210 and NIH3T3.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.189-199
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using oriental medical treatment(herb-medicine, acupuncture) with Melonix Calyx Vomiting Therapy for atypical facial pain. Methods : We experienced two cases of atypical facial pain treated with oriental medical treatment(herb-medicine, acupuncture) and Melonix Calyx Vomiting Therapy(MCVT). MCVT is a traditional treatment, which induces vomiting by eating Melonix Calyx powder with water. To evaluate the results of this treatment, we used the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Scale(PRS). Result : After using MCVT with oriental medical treatment, VAS, PRS and clinical symptoms of 2 patients were improved remarkably. Conclusion : This study suggests that using MCVT with oriental medical treatment is effective on atypical facial pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objective : Mercuric chloride is excreted in the urine and stool. Bangpungtongseong-san(BT) has been used commonly skin disease and has diuresis and excretion effect. This study is aimed to find out effects of Kami- bangpungtongseong-san(KBT) on the skin disease toxicated by mercury. Method : Experiment was conducted with No treated group(Normal group), Mercuric chloride subcutaneous injection group(Control group) and Kami-bangpungtongseong-san-treated group (Sample group). KBT Extracts were delivered orally in 7 days in sample group. We observed epithelial cell hyperplastic, angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration of skin. For the charting the results, image analysis was taken. The result of image analysis was verified significance by Sigmaplot 2000(P<0.05). Result : This study shows an relieving epithelial cell hyperplastic, angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration of exposure skin on mercuric chloride. Conclusion : According to the result of study, we can expect to the effect of KBT extracts' therapeutic action to tissue injuries of the mice' skin on acute mercurial toxication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the differences in postoperative sore throat and hoarseness by adjustment of endotracheal tube cuff pressure (CP) during nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and air anesthesia. Methods: A one-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from August 8 to October 19, 2017 and analyzed using the independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Eighty-four participants were enrolled and divided into three groups: 28 in the Control Group (CP adjusted every 30 minutes using $N_2O$), 28 in Experimental Group 1 (CP adjusted every 10 minutes using $N_2O$), and 28 in Experimental Group 2 (non-adjusted CP using air), all of whom underwent urologic, gynecologic, and orthopedic surgeries at the G University hospital. Sore throat was assessed using a numeric rating scale; hoarseness was evaluate using the Stout classification at 1, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. Results: Scores for sore throat and hoarseness were significantly different between the groups at each measurement time, and scores were consistently higher in the control group. During subsequent measurements, sore throat and hoarseness scores were significantly lower at 6 hours. Cuff pressure changed significantly using air anesthesia (${\chi}^2=10.41$, p=.015) up to 2 hours after induction. Severe sore throat and hoarseness was observed for up to 6 hours after surgery. Conclusion: Cuff pressure adjustment at short time intervals would be helpful in reducing postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. Nursing intervention focused on prevention of sore throat and hoarseness should be required up to 6 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.1 s.33
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• pp.37-44
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• 1991

In the plywood manufacturing factory established in 1979, female 3 workers who had exposed to adhesives containing formaldehyde for more than 48 months of duration suffered from eye, nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation and dyspnea as chief complaints. The actual level of the exposure to formaldehyde were not estimated when the exposed workers started to have above symptoms. The environmental monitoring of workplace was measured on April 25, 1990, and the concentration of formaldehyde revealed 0.2 ppm, however the exhaustive ventilatory system was already installed at that time. Twenty six subjects from entire factory were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and spirometry, etc. on August 22, 1990. Significant difference was observed in symptoms and signs of nasal, oral and throat irritation between the exposed group with longer duration and that with short duration. When the exposed group with longer duration was compared to the group of nonexposed, symptoms and signs of nasal, oral, throat and skin irritaion, chest tightness and dullness were significantly increased in the former group. The results of the spirometric test showed that the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second were decreased among the exposed group with longer duration but not significant.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.151-163
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• 1990

Tsutsugamushi disease is an acute febrile disease caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and which has been reported with increasing frequency through the nation since 1986. We experienced 21 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease diagnosed with serologic test occuring in Taegu city and Kyungpook province during October-November, 1989. The results of survey are as follow. 1) Of 21 cases, 12(57%) were males and 9(43%) were females, and the peak incidence was the 4th decade. 2) The outbreak was in October to November and the peak incidence was in October. 3) The most frequent symptoms were fever and chill(100%), myalgia(95%), headache(90%). Eschar and rash were observed in 18 patients(86%) and the eschar was detected in all over the body, especially thorax(33%) and lower extremity(22%). 4) Laboratory features were SGOT elevation(83%), SGPT elevation(61%), LDH elevation(67%). leukocytosis (38%). 5) Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was done m 18 patients and the antibody titer was above 1 : 320 in all patients. 6) The chloramphenicol, tetracycline or doxycycline regimens were very effective and mean duration of defervescence from iniation of therapy was 1.3 days. 7) The complication such as meningitis or shock, was not seen.