• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2024

Viruses have various applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. They are used in pesticide production, production of vaccines, gene transfers, cancer therapeutics, and more. The downstream processing of viruses is an essential step for their biological and pharmaceutical applications. Among the various processes, the purification of viruses is critical. Membrane chromatography plays a vital role in this process. While ion exchange membrane chromatography is a primarily used method, it has various limitations regarding size exclusion and insufficient purification. Also, it cannot be applied to the rapidly changing strains of viruses such as influenza. This review examines various improved methods of membrane chromatography or alternatives. It focuses on purification, viral recovery rates, and scalability of the methods.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Maddin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with virus and/or treated with amantadine. On cell morphological findings, monolayer fractions in MDCK cells infected with virus were exfolated more than 80% in 1 TCID$_{50}$ group and that in 10 TCID$_{50}$ were completely exfolated after 3 days during infectious process. In proportion to the dose of amantadine, activities of GST and LDH of MDCK cells were significantly decreased and those of LDH in medium fraction were more significantly increased compared with control. According to in both dose and time of virus innoculation, activities of GST and LDH in MDCK cells were significantly decreased in 1 and 10 TCID$_{50}$ infected cells after 3 days. LDH activities in infectious medium were remarkably rised at 10 fold. In case of the cell line inoculated with type A 100 TCID$_{50}$ and additionally treated with amantadine, the decreasing rate to the control in activities of GST and LDH was lower than that in those in case of that infected with virus only. These results suggested that virus infection and amantadine treatment may effect the activity of the detoxicating enzyme in the target cells.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to identify the current status of vaccination against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus among university students from the fields of nursing and allied health from a local community and verify factors influencing vaccination. Methods: The study included 227 students in the fields of nursing and allied health from a provincial university. Data were obtained from these participants between May 31 and June 11, 2010 by using self-report questionnaires. Results: The rate of vaccination against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus for these participants was 14.5%. No difference was observed in this regard between majors and school year. Factors that influence vaccination against this virus included previous vaccination against seasonal influenza and participants’ attitudes toward general vaccination. Conclusion: The results suggest that for effective pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination of university students from the fields of nursing and allied health, students who have not been vaccinated should be intensively managed. Developing a vaccination program that encourages a positive attitude toward vaccination is recommended.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Simulation using the virtual reality has been applied in various fields such as exercise, education, disaster simulation training, but there is a little research on disease caused by virus transmission. In this study, we conducted simulation studies and analysis of avian influenza disaster response training. The annual avian influenza virus is recurring every year in Korea, but there are still few solutions and preventive measures for the preventing the avian influenza. The avian influenza can cause a great deal of societal harm and enormous economic damage. Prophylaxis is important because livestock epidemics, such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease, have a large impact on farm households. Therefore, we proposed and analyzed contents that can be avoided through simulation of avian influenza disaster response presented in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Purpose: Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common type of seizure in the first 5 years of life and are frequently associated with viral infections. Influenza infection is associated with a variety of neurological conditions, including FSs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of influenza infection in FSs. Methods: In total, 388 children with FS were divided into two groups: FS with influenza infection (n=75) and FSs without influenza infection (n=313). Their medical records, including seizure type, frequency, duration, and familial history of FSs or epilepsy, were retrospectively reviewed and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: In total, 75 of the 388 children (19.3%) had FSs associated with influenza infection; such children were significantly older than those with FSs without influenza infection ($34.9{\pm}22.3$ months vs. $24.4{\pm}14.2$ months; P<0.001). The children who had more than two febrile seizures episodes were more prevalent in children with FS with influenza infection [40/75 (53.3%) vs. 92/313 (29.4%); P<0.01]. Children older than 60 months were more likely to have influenza infection compared to those aged less than 60 months [11/22 (50%) vs. 64/366 (17.5%); P=0.001]. Conclusion: Influenza infection may be associated with FSs in older children, and with recurrence of FSs. Its role in the development of afebrile seizures or subsequent epilepsy requires further investigation with long-term follow-up.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

Purpose: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. Results: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was $3.6{\pm}2.8$ year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period ($4.18{\pm}2.10$ vs $4.79{\pm}1.49$ days, P=.17) and total fever duration ($5.32{\pm}2.07$ vs $6.41{\pm}3.25$ days, P =.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. Conclusion: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2020

This study was conducted with the support of the Information and Communication Technology Promotion Center, funded by the government (Ministry of Science and ICT) in 2019. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an acute infectious disease of birds caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection, causing serious damage to poultry such as chickens and ducks. High pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is caused by focusing on winter rather than year-round, and sometimes does not occur at all during a certain period of time. Due to these characteristics of HPAI, there is a problem that does not accumulate enough actual data. In this paper study, GAN network was utilized to generate actual similar data containing missing values and the process is introduced. The results of this study can be used to measure risk by generating realistic simulation data for certain times when HPAI did not occur.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.380-384
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• 2009

Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) in most patients is characterized by an abrupt onset of progressive weakness and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities with a preceding viral infection such as Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, influenza, mumps and Varicella-zoster viruses (VZV). Although less frequent, some residual deficits including bladder dysfunction or weakness in the lower extremities may follow ATM, from which recovery usually begins within the first week of the onset of symptoms. In this report, we describe the case of a 9-year-old girl who experienced ATM following chickenpox and had bladder dysfunction as a sequela.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) [A(H1N1) pdm09] and seasonal influenza A infection in the pediatric cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in the pediatric cancer patients who had confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection at Samsung Medical Center from August 2009 to February 2010. For the comparison, the medical records of pediatric cancer patients with seasonal influenza A from January 2000 to May 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Eighty-two A(H1N1)pdm09 infections were confirmed in the pediatric cancer patients. Ten patients (12.2%) developed complicated clinical course by lower respiratory infections or extrapulmonary infections; 4 pneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 1 pericarditis with pneumonia, 1 encephalitis with pneumonia, 2 meningitis and 1 pericarditis. Three patients received mechanical ventilator and ICU care. Three pediatric cancer patients (3.7%) died. The risk factors related to complicated A(H1N1)pdm09 infections were date of infection (44-45th week 2009) and nosocomial infection. When comparing with previous seasonal influenza A infections, more prompt and aggressive antiviral therapy was given in A(H1N1)pdm09 infections. Conclusion: The A(H1N1)pdm09 infections caused a various clinical manifestations including fatal cases in pediatric cancer patient during pandemic season. There was no significant difference in clinical course between influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza A infections except the antiviral treatment strategy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1024-1028
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• 2003

Influenza-associated encephalopathy is regarded as one of the major neurologic disease entities along with those of Reye syndrome, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, and myelitis which are known to be related to influenza virus, mostly type A. And it is being actively researched in Japan as it has caused a tremendous increase in the number of deaths from 1997 to 2002, but it has not been yet reported in the Korean pediatric medical community. It attacks those previously healthy children, who have not been vaccinated. Patients start with such symptoms as fever and common respiratory problems, but within 24 to 48 hours they suffer from seizures with acute mental deterioration, become worse, and suffer multiple organ failures including marked elevated transaminase levels as well as coagulopathy. It induces deaths in a couple of days after the symptoms appear or remains a serious neurologic sequelae. Confirmative diagnosis is used to demonstrate influenza viral infection. We report here a 37 month aged boy who was admitted to our hospital during the last influenza season under the diagnosis of influenza associated encephalopathy on the basis of serologic testing by hemagglutinin inhibition(HI). This is the first report confirmed by increased antibody titer of the influenza A virus in Korea.