• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 1998

The effects of differen concentrations of Obosan as a feed additive dietary herb were examined on survival rate, growth, feed conversion ration and condition factor in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). Effectiveness of dietary Obosan with optimized concentration for 48 weeks were also observed with regard to growth performances and yields. All groups fed diets containing 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6% of Obosan revealed significantly higher survival rate than control group (P<0.05). Growth, feed conversion ratio and condition factor of olive flounder fed diets containing Obosan were considerably improved when compared to those of controls (P<0.05). The 0.3% of dietary Obosan was proven to be the optimal concentration in all parameters tested. The dietary Obosan (0.3%) for 48 weeks showed significantly higher surval rate than control (P<0.05), and also improved yields in weight gain (19.0% improvement), specific growth rate (4.8%), feed conversion ratio(13.6%) and condition factor (10.8%), significantly (P<0.05).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Skin aging appears to be principally attributed to a decrease in both levels of Type I collagen and regeneration ability of dermal fibroblasts. It is important to introduce an efficient and safe agent for effective management of skin aging. To this end, we performed screening for anti-ageing agents and then found that vegetable peptones (pea and wheat) promoted cell proliferation of adult stem cells. Vegetable peptones may be considered as useful medium additives because it can supply nutrients, peptides, amino acids or growth factor analogues. This study was designed to investigate effects of vegetable peptones on cell proliferation/collagen production and their possible mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assay, vegetable peptones significantly promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, human COL1A2 promoter luciferase and type I procollagen synthesis assays showed that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of COLlA2 promoter. In both TGF-${\beta}1$ luciferase reporter and ELISA assays, vegetable peptones was found to induce TGF-${\beta}1$ production, suggesting that vegetable peptones induce type I procollagen production through the activation of TGF-${\beta}1$. When applied topically in a human skin twice a day for an 4-week period of time, vegetable peptones did not induce any adverse reactions. Theretore, based on these results, we suggest the possibility that vegetable peptones may be considered as an attractive, wrinkle-reducing candidate for topical application.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

Salmonella is a common food-borne intracellular bacterial pathogen that has triggered significant public health concerns. Salmonella hosts' genetic factors play a pivotal role in determining their susceptibility to the pathogen. Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1), a member of LIM/double zinc finger protein family, is widely expressed in humans, such as in the lungs, spleen, and especially the gut. Recently, CRIP1 has been reported as a key marker of several immune disorders; however, the effect of CRIP1 on bacterial infection remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between Salmonella infection and CRIP1 gene deficiency, as Salmonella spp. is known to invade the Peyer's patches of the small intestine, where CRIP1 is highly expressed. We found that CRIP1-deficient conditions could not alter the characteristics of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells in terms of phagocytosis on macrophages and the activation of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells using ex vivo differentiation. Moreover, flow cytometry data showed comparable levels of MHCII⁺CD11b⁺CD11c⁺ dendritic cells and MHCII⁺F4/80⁺CD11b⁺ macrophages between WT and CRIP1 knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, the basal population of monocytes in the spleen and neutrophils in MLNs is more abundant in a steady state of CRIP1 KO mice than WT mice. Here, we demonstrated that the CRIP1 genetic factor plays dispensable roles in host susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infections and the activation of myeloid cells. In addition, differential immune cell populations without antigen exposure in CRIP1 KO mice suggest that the regulation of CRIP1 expression may be a novel immunotherapeutic approach to various infectious diseases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.165-181
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• 1999

Treatment mechanics should be individualized to be suitable for each patient's personal teeth and anatomic environment to get a best treatment result with the least harmful effects to teeth and surrounding tissues. Especially, the change of biomechanical reaction associated with that of the centers of resistance of teeth should be considered when crown-to-root ratio changed due to problematic root resorption and/or periodontal disease during adult orthodontic treatment. At the present study, in order to investigate patterns of initial displacements of anterior teeth under certain orthodontic force when crown-to-root ratio changed in not only normal periodontal condition but also abnormal periodontal and/or teeth condition, the changes of the centers of resistance for maxillary and mandibular 6 anterior teeth as a segment were studied using the laser reflection technique, the lever & pulley force applicator and the photodetector with these quantified variables reducing alveolar bone 2mm by 2mm for each of maxillary 6 anterior teeth until the total amount of 8mm and root 2mm by 2mm for each of mandibular 6 anterior ones until the total amount of 6mm. The results were as follows: 1. Under unreduced condition, the center of resistance during initial displacement of maxillary 6 anterior teeth was located at the point of about $42.4\%$ apically from cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) of the averaged tooth of them and kept shifting to about $76.7\%$ with alveolar bone reduction. 2. The distance from the averaged alveolar crest level of maxillary 6 anterior teeth to the center of resistance for the averaged tooth of them kept decreasing with alveolar bone reduction, but the ratio to length of the averaged root embedded in the alveolar bone was stable at around $33\%$ regardless of that. 3. Under unreduced condition, the center of resistance during initial displacement of mandibular 6 anterior teeth was located at the Point of about $43\%$ apically from CEJ of the averaged tooth of them and this ratio kept increasing to about $54\%$ with root reduction. But the distance from CEJ to the center of resistance decreased from around 5.3mm to around 3.3mm, that is to say, the center of resistance kept shifting toward CEJ with the shortening of root length. 4. A unit reduction of alveolar bone had greater effects on the change of the centers of resistance than that of root did during initial Phase of each reduction. But both of them had similar effects at the middle region of whole length of the averaged root.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2007

A natural deodorizing agent (NDA) was made using pine cone byproduct, and its effects on malodor emission and composting were analyzed in this study. NDA was manufactured by mixing pine cone byproduct with three species of microorganisms and water containing mineral nutrients and molasses, and then by incubating for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. Lab scale experiments were done with three treatment groups, T1 (control, sawdust treatment), T2 (microorganisms and sawdust treatment group), and T3 (NDA and sawdust treatment group). During composting, temperatures reached over $55^{\circ}C$, a minimum temperature for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. No differences were found in physicochemical composition of compost among treatments. However, it was observed that over usage of NDA could obstruct temperature increase, since the biodegradation rate of organic matter of NDA was relatively low, Nitrogen loss due to ammonia gas emission, which normally happens during composting, was reduced by using NDA, and hence the nitrogen level of final compost was higher in T3 than in others. During experiment, it was found that ammonia gas emission was entirely lasted through compositing duration, but the $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ gases were produced only at early stage of composting. The ammonia concentration trapped in $H_2SO_4$ solution during 31 days of composting in T1, T2 and T3 was 12,660mg/L, 11,598mg/L and 7,367mg/L, respectively, showing distinguishable reduction of ammonia gas emission in T3. The emissions of $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ gases were also remarkably reduced in T3. Based on these obtained results, usage of the deodorizing agent made with pine cone byproduct could reduce the emission of malodor during composting, without any deterioration of compost quality.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activities of ave different probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, L. acidophillus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei and Bifidobacterium longum) against 8 bacterial pathogens were determined on the Mueller Hinton Agar containing supernatant of probiotics obtained from 3 different growth conditions (MRS without glycerol, MRS with 0.5 M glycerol or 0.25 M glycerol solution). Though antimicrobial activity of L. reuteri in the first two conditions was not better than the others', the activity was significantly higher than that of others in 0.25 M glycerol solution. This prominent effect might be attributable to reuterin, produced by L. reuteri using glycerol. We could detect the presence of reuterin in the supernatant of 0.25 M glycerol solution with 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The result of minimum bactericidal concentration (dilution fold) has revealed that reuterin showed pan-bactericidal effects against 8 major food-borne pathogens. To examine any changes of antimicrobial activities of the probiotics, the probiotics were treated with different pH conditions, pepsin or trypsin digestion. Antimicrobial activity of reuterin was not entirely affected by any of these treatments, while the activities of the other probiotics were significantly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.416-422
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• 2004

Efficacy of surface sterilization and physicochemical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured depending on electrolyte, materials, and type of electrolytic diaphragm used were investigated. Physical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from diaphragm system showed the highest effectiveness under at distance between diaphragms of 1.0 mm and 20% NaCl supplying rate of 6 mL/min. ORP, HClO (should defined) content, and pH at above conditions were 1,170 mV, 100 ppm, and 2.5, respectively. Two-stage electrolyzed system was more effective than one-stage one. Electrolyzed water manufactured from non-diaphragm system at 4 mL/min supplying rate of 20% NaCl was similar to the most effective diaphragm system, whereas ORP, HClO content, and pH were 800 mV, 200 ppm, and 9, respectively. Sealed electrolyzed water could be preserved more than one month at room temperature with ORPs of 750 and 1,150 mV in non-diaphragm and diaphragm systems, respectively, and at HClO content of 100 ppm. Physicochemical properties of electrolyzed water manufactured from electrolytic diaphragm of $IrO_{2}$ and Pt+Ir were more effective than that of Pt. ORP and HClO contents of electrolyzed water manufactured from various electrolytes were high in order of NaCl>KCl>$CaCl_{2}$, whereas no differences were observed among electrolytes in sterilization efficacy. Twelve kinds of microorganisms tested (initial total count, $10^{5}-10^{6}CFU/mL$) were sterilized within 1-2 min by electrolyzed water.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.275-297
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• 2018

Japan's mechanic animation is widely known throughout the world. 1952년, Japan's first mechanic animation and the first TV animation, , has been popular since it's creation in 1952. Atom, a big hit at the time, has influenced many people. Japanese mechanic animations convey their unique traits and world view to the public In this paper, we are going to discuss the change of the Japanese mechanical design through comparison of the mechanical design, which has been booming since the 1990s in Japan; and the . I expect the results of this analysis to depict Japanese culture and thought reflected in animation, which is a good indication of worldwide cultural view of animation. unexpectedly influenced the Japanese animation industry after it screened in 1995, and there are still people constantly reinterpreting and analyzing it. This is the reaction of the audience to anticipate the mystery and endless conclusions of the work itself. The design elements of Evangelion are distinguished from other mechanical objects. Mechanic design based on human biotechnology can overcome limitations of machine and make you feel more human. The pilot 's boarding structure, which can contain human nature, is reinforced in the form of an enterprising plug, and the attitude of excavation makes humanity more prominent than a straight robot. Thus, pursues a mechanic design that can reflect human identity. can be selected as the mechanic animation of the 80's, and the "Neon Genesis Evangelion" of the 90's shows it with a completely different design. By comparing the mechanical design of two works, therefore, we examine the correlation between the message and the design of the work. presents the close relationship between the identity of the mechanical design and the contents. I would like to point out that mechanical design can be a good example and theoretical basis for the future.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for environmental education through the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject in a viewpoint of the clothing & textiles resources to resolve problems in the clothing life area. For this, this study was carried out through review of literature which is related with the consumption, the environmental problems, the environmental policies, and regulations of the government and new environmental technologies, of clothing & textiles industries and environmental education. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) The environmental education system model in a viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was developed. This model system is consisted with interactions on school, government, industry, home and non-government organizations. Thus, the fact that Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject were the most effective subject to teaching the environmental education viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was confirmed. 2) The standards were analysed out to analyse the contents in the clothing area of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject. It were consist of 4 factors and 12 elements under the factors: Awareness of clothing & textile resources(clothing consumption, production of clothing & textile and environmental problems). Planning and buying of clothing(planning, buying), Management of clothing(understand of textile. human body & environment, laundering and Environmental pollution, arrangement & conservation) Recycling & exhaust of clothing(contribution, redesign, recycling, exhaust) 3) Analysing the current Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject from the Environmental education in the clothing section, the environmental education related with clothing were taught the most in the middle school course, and environmental contents were concentrated in the recycling factors. but not so much on other factors. 4) After analysing the Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject, the strategies were suggested for reinforcing the environmental education in the clothing of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

Purpose: PET/CT scan using the SUV (Standardized Uptake Value) of radiopharmaceutical uptake in organs and tissues as an objective indicator makes it possible to analyze physiological and chemical reactions of human organs. This study analyzes the change of the SUV uptake in accordance with the way how PET/CT patients take a rest after the injection of $^{18}F-FDG$ (Fluororo-deoxyglucose). And also subjective satisfaction is assessed listening to music while taking a rest. Materials and Methods: From April 2011 until February 2013, Among the Primary cancer patients who admitted to the Catholic Medical Center (Seoul & Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital) and scanned $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT and also received care through the tracking test (mean age $55.61{\pm}12.41$ years, 108 people, 48 men and 60 women) were selected. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (A: basal study) is requested to take a rest in bed quietly after the injection. However the second one (B: follow up study) is requested to listen to the music while taking a rest. And then SUV analysis was performed respectively. At the end of the scan, ROI (Region Of Interest) were set from the center of the liver (right lobe) and 3 spots of the brain (frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes). And the SUV was calculated. To identify the correlation among those ROIs, paired t-test was performed using SPSS software (Version 12.0K for windows, P>0.05). Also, after the PET/CT scan the satisfaction study was conducted of all the patients. 1:1 questionnaire survey was performed, and that questionnaire was made using the Likert 5-point scale. By utilizing those questionnaires, the analysis about simple frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation was performed. Results: The SUV change of the 4 designated ROIs in accordance with listening to music was not statistically significant. (Frontal lobe P-value=0.611, Occipital lobe P-value=0.499, Temporal lobe P-value=0.717, Liver P-value=0.334: P-value>0.05) And the satisfaction study indicated that group B was appear to be 0.42 points (5 basis points) higher than group A. It showed that patients are more satisfied in group B than group A. Conclusion: when performing PET/CT scan using $^{18}F-FDG$, listening to music after the injection of the radiopharmaceuticals does not affect the SUV but given the state of the psychological comfort that may increase the patient's satisfaction.