• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.234-238
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• 2011

This paper will evaluate the usefulness of 3D target of CBCT by comparing human body's posture and position when simulated treatment is being carried out as well as human phantom posture and position using CBCT which is applying OBI. From the Rando Phantom which is located in the datum point moved in parallel and rotationary direction using CBCT. Then the mean and standard deviation difference on images location difference that are acquired were compared with real the Rando Phantom' moved distance. To make a plan of simulated treatment with the same procedure of real radiation therapy, we are going to setup the Rando Phantom. With an assumption that the position is set in accurate place, we measured the setup errors accroding to the change of the translation and rotation. Tests are repeated 10 times to get the standard deviation of the error values. The variability in couch shift after positioning equivalent to average residual error showed lateral $0.2{\pm}0.2$mm, longitudinal $0.4{\pm}0.3$mm, vertical $-0.4{\pm}0.1$mm. The average rotation erroes target localization after simulated $0.4{\pm}0.2$ mm, $0.3{\pm}0.3$ mm, and $0.3{\pm}0.4$ mm. The detection error by rotation is $0{\sim}0.6^{\circ}$ CBCT 3D/3D matching using the Rando Phantom minimized the errors by realizing accurate matching during simulated treatment and patient caring.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2009

A human tissue mimicking phantom is constructed to assess the performance of a medical ultrasound elasticity imaging system. In a human body, the tumor or cancer is stiffer than its surrounding normal tissue. A technique fur imaging the elasticity of such a tissue is referred to as elastography. Homogeneous elasticity phantoms with differing Young's moduli are constructed using a plastic hardener and softener to simulate the mechanical characteristics of a diseased human tissue. The Young's modulus of the fabricated homogeneous phantom materials were measured from 11.1 to 79.6 kPa depending on the mixing ratio of the amount of the hardener to that of the softener. An ultrasound lesion mimicking phantom was made of these materials, and ultrasound elasticity imaging was performed on it. It is confirmed in this paper that the fabricated plastic-based elasticity phantom is useful in representing the elastic characteristics of a human tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.651-660
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to create a phantom with a HU value similar to that of the human Femur using a 3D printer to replace the existing pig bone. A total of 372 people were analyzed to determine the HU value of human Femur. Using a 3D printer, a human bone model phantom was fabricated using PLA-Cu 20% and subjected to CT examination. Pig bones were 6 months old pigs, and bones 2 days after slaughter were used. As a result of the examination, the 3D printing phantom made with 80% of the internal filling showed a similar value to all data of the human body (p<0.05), and there was a difference from the pig bone (p>0.05). In addition, in the case of the HU value of Femur by age group, it was confirmed that the value of HU decreased as the age group increased (p<0.05). 3D printing and HU values confirmed a weak negative correlation with respect to the stacking height, but confirmed a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.996) with 182.13±1.290 in the inner filling (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the human body model phantom using 3D printing can exhibit a similar level of HU value to the human body compared to the existing pig bone phantom, and this study will provide basic data for the production of a human body model phantom using a 3D printer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2012

When wireless devises for MICS(Medical Implant Communication Service) or ISM(Industrial Scientific and Medical) bands are designed, it is necessary to verify the performance by using a human body flat phantom. However, most of studies on the phantom are limited to the biological effects of mobile-phone EMF. In this paper, semi-solid phantoms having the electric properties suggested by FCC at MICS and ISM bands are fabricated. The manufactured phantoms satisfy the electric properties($\varepsilon_r=56.7$ and $\sigma=0.94$ at MICS band, $\varepsilon_r=52.7$ and $\sigma=1.95$ at ISM band) at each band. All the composing materials for phantoms are commercially available in domestic market. Two methods using both polyethylene powder and TX-151 and glycerin at each band are proposed for diverse purpose. The electrical properties of the fabricated phantoms are measured by a dielectric probe kit and network analyzer after the lapse of one day (24 hours).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.929-937
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• 2023

Human equivalent phantoms manufactured using 3D printers are cheaper and can be manufactured in a short time than conventional human phantoms. However, many phantoms are manufactured with less than 100 % of Infill Density, one of the 3D printer output setting variables. Therefore, this study compared the Bone Phantom CT number, which differs from the ratio of five Infill Density produced using a 3D printer, to the CT number of the actual human body Bone. In addition, the usefulness of the manufactured phantom was evaluated by producing a 100 % elbow joint phantom with Infill Density and setting the Infill Density to 100 % through CT number comparison for each tissue on computed tomography (CT). As a result, the Bone Phantom printed with 100 % Infill Density did not show the most statistically significant difference from the CT number value of the actual human Bone, and the CT number of each tissue did not show a statistically significant difference from the CT number value of each tissue of the actual human elbow joint.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.78-79
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• 2005

60 [Hz] 전자기장의 생체 영향은 오랜 연구가 있었지만 아직도 논란이 많은 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 인체 팬텀 모델을 사용하여 1-3[G]자계인가 시 유도 전류를 측정하였다. 또한 2차윈 다매질장의 실험모델을 제작하여 유도전류 측정하고 이를 해석해와 비교를 통해 정확도를 검토 하였다. 또한 인체 단면을 2차원 임피던스법을 이용하여 계산한 결과와 이의 팬텀 모델 제자 후 전류를 측정한 간과 비하였다. 마지막으로 인체를 실물에 가깝게 하기위해 3차원 다매질장의 모델로 모의하여 장기, 폐, 간, 실장, 뇌 등의 구성 요소에 각각의 전도도를 부여한 인체 팬텀 모델을 제작해 유도 전류를 측정하였다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.572-575
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• 2006

In this work, a variety of polymer based jelly phantoms suitable for the hyperthermia operations to human organs was synthesized in order to confirm the possibility of auxiliary cancer therapy. Specifically, using an appropriate material composition including polyethylene, Jelly phantoms for brain was prepared and characterized their electrical properties suitable for the monitoring the effect of electromagnetic wave from code division multiple access (CDMA) and personal communication service (PCS) on the human body. In the future, after injection of ferromagnetic nanoparticle into the jelly phantoms, new approach to propose the cancer therapy can be anticipated by monitoring the degree of temperature rise in human body using the photograph of Infrared camera.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 2008

We developed a variety of polymeric jelly phantoms that can be used in hyperthermia using an electromagnetic wave as an auxiliary cancer therapy. Particularly, using an appropriate material composed of polyethylene, deionized water, and sodium chloride, jelly phantoms for brain was prepared. Also, their electrical properties were characterized by measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity. As the results, overall electrical values of the phantoms decreased with increasing the amount of the components of the materials, excepted for sodium chloride. Additionally, storage characteristics of the phantoms showed a sustainable stability up to 6 months. Based on the experimental results, it can be proposed that jelly phantoms containing a ferro-magnetic particle could be a potential material for cancer therapy following the further study on the temperature elevation effect and the evaluation of electromagnetic properties of the materials.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

To evaluate usefulness of a functional tracheobronchial phantom for interventional procedure. The functional phantom was made as a actual size with human normal anatomy used silicone and a paper clay mold. A tracheobronchial-shape clay mold was placed inside a square box and liquid silicone was poured. After the silicone was formed, the clay was removed. We measured film density and tracheobronchial angle at the human, animal and phantom, respectively. The film density of trachea part were 0.76(${\pm}0.011$) in human, 0.97(${\pm}0.015$) in animal, 0.45(${\pm}0.016$) in phantom. The tracheobronchial bifurcation part measured 0.51(${\pm}0.006$) in human, 0.65(${\pm}0.005$) in animal, 0.65(${\pm}0.008$) in phantom. The right bronchus part measured 0.14(${\pm}0.008$) in human, 0.59(${\pm}0.014$) in animal and 0.04(${\pm}0.007$) in phantom. The left bronchus were 0.54(${\pm}0.004$) in human, 0.54(${\pm}0.008$) in animal and 0.08(${\pm}0.008$) in phantom. At the stent part were 0.54(${\pm}0.004$) in human, 0.59(${\pm}0.011$) in animal and 0.04(${\pm}0.007$) in phantom, respectively. The tracheobronchial angle of the left bronchus site were $42.6({\pm}2.07)^{\circ}$ in human, $43.4({\pm}2.40)^{\circ}$ in animal and $35({\pm}2.00)^{\circ}$ in phantom, respectively. The right bronchus site were $32.8({\pm}2.77)^{\circ}$ in human, $34.6({\pm}1.94)^{\circ}$ in animal and $50.2({\pm}1.30)^{\circ}$ in phantom, respectively. The phantom was useful for in-vitro testing of tracheobronchial interventional procedure, since it was easy to reproduce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.529-535
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• 2020

Geant4 is compatible with the Windows operating system in C++ language use, enabling interface functions that link DICOM or software. It was simulated to address the basic structure of the simulation using Geant4/Gate code and to specifically verify the density composition and lung cancer process in the human phantom. It was visualized using the Gate Graphic System, i.e. openGL, Ray Tracer: Ray Tracing by Geant4 Tracing, and using Geant4/Gate code, lung cancer is modeled in the human phantom area in 3D, 4D to verify the simulation progress. Therefore, as a large number of new functions are added to the Gate Code, it is easy to implement accurate human structure and moving organs.