• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2011

최근 무선 센서 네트워크의 수집 데이터에 대해 에너지 효율적인 저장 및 질의 처리를 위한 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 데이터 중심 저장 (DCS: Data-Centric Storage) 기법은 인-네트워크 방식 기반의 효율적인 데이터 저장과 질의 처리를 위해 제안된 기법이다. DCS 기법은 수집 데이터의 값에 따라 저장 될 위치를 미리 결정하여 각 데이터가 발생시 해당 위치에 인-네트워크 방식으로 저장한다. 이를 통해 질의 처리시 불필요한 질의 배포를 최소화 시킨다. 하지만 기존에 제안된 DCS 기법들은 수집되는 데이터의 발생 범위를 고정적으로 설정한다. 따라서 시기별로 상이한 범위의 데이터가 발생되는 실제 응용에 서는 저장 공간 활용의 불균등을 초래하여 네트워크 수명을 단축시킨다. 본 논문은 시간이 지남에 따라 변화 하는 데이터 발생 패턴에 상황 적응적인 범위 설정 기법을 적용하여 네트워크 전반에 걸쳐 노드들의 저장 공간을 균등하게 사용하는 상황 인지 데이터 중심 저장 방식을 제안한다. 또한 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 기존 DCS 기법과 성능을 비교평가 한다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The present study examined the role of spatial attention in implicit memory for words when the word identity processing was not required. Spatial attention to the identity-irrelevant perceptual features of the words was manipulated by using a visual search task (Experiment 1) or a focused attention task (Experiment 2). In two e experiments. a significant priming effect was not found for the target words as well as for the distractor words. Implicit memory for words was not affected by spatial attention on the perceptual properties of the words. indicating that the word identity processing is required to produce priming.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.783-787
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• 2006

The 'spatial senses' mean environments and the instinctive responds to objects in the environments. The infancy is an important period to develop the basic capacity of the 'spatial senses'. Since young children can develop the 'spatial senses' throughout the actual and active search, it is essential for them to do experience through their physical actions. This paper proposes four motion based-contents for improving the spatial sense of young children: a bubble game, a cyber goalkeeper game, a mud-huddle game, and a shape recognition game. The proposed four games are implemented to the virtual learning environments. Also, the virtual learning environments utilize the realistic interfaces which can recognize motions of young children and then interact with the games as they do the movement at the virtual environments provided. Using the realistic interfaces not only develops young children's spatial sense but also offers them the pleasure and interest of self-study.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.311-330
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• 2008

The effect of spatial attention gradually decreases as a function of the distance between the locus of attention and a target. According to this hypothesis, we tested the spatial-effect profile of visual attention when it operates on perception and memory. Experiment 1 measured accuracy of discriminating the color of a simultaneously masked target after presenting a pre-cue to either at the target location or away from the target (perception-intensive task). Experiment 2 measured accuracy of recognizing the color of several items at and around the pre-cued location (memory-intensive task). In the perception-intensive condition, the accuracy gradually dropped as the distance between the cue and target location increases. However, in the memory-intensive condition, subjects remembered only the item at the cued location. This suggests spatial attention in a memory-intensive process would operate on object-based representations. Experiment 2 showed the object-based effect observed in Experiment 1 can be also present in perception under a special circumstance. The results indicate that spatial attention can operate on object-based representations in a memory-intensive process whereas it flexibly can operate either on location-based or object-based representations in a perception-intensive process.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a VR(virtual reality)-based biology class on both the cognitive and affective domains by developing and applying a VR-based biology program for 6th-grade elementary school students. For this research, we developed a VR teaching material about 'digestion' reflecting virtual reality characteristics and one hundred five students in an elementary school in an urban area participated in this study and took three VR-based lessons. To examine the cognitive effects of a VR-based biology class, the study subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group was composed of 50 individuals who participated in VR-based biology lessons, while 55 students of a control group learned through general lessons. We collected data using drawing tasks for measuring students' modeling performance level from these groups and analyzed the cognitive effect of VR-based instruction. We also recorded 21 interviews of students after the intervention, which were transcribed to verify the students' perception of cognitive and affective effects. The key results are as follows: First, we demonstrated the possibility of applying a VR program reflecting VR characteristics (manipulation, multi-sensory, and interaction). Second, we found out that a VR-based biology class significantly enhances higher levels of thinking (spatial, abstract, and reflective thinking). Third, we examined students' perceptions on this program and came to the conclusion that VR characteristics positively affected cognitive and affective domains. This study may be able to contribute to offering guidelines on how to apply VR-programs to future science education effectively.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2021

Wayfinding is a 'Process solving problem to find destination', and it is important to select spatial data for optimal way. Recently, due to the complexity of space and the expansion of the medium of the wayfinding service, it is necessary to the approach on the information design for them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a meta guideline on the information design for the design of orientation sign, which is an important cognitive clue in the wayfinding. It was conducted in 3 stages, First, a design process was proposed and design elements were derived for each step by literature research related to information and sign design, and analysis of manual for signage design. Second, a meta guideline for information organization and visualization in the three-stage design process was proposed by FGI and analysis. Third, the meta guideline was applied to the sign design on an area for user evaluation to inspect the applicability of the meta guideline. Through the user questionnaire, the possibility of applying the guideline for visualization of directions and spaces, information hierarchy according to spatial characteristics and information priority was identified. It is meaningful in that necessary element for signage design are systematized centering on the process and that it presents a macroscopic methodology according to spatial characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-142
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of space- and object-based attention on spatial and visual working memory, by measuring recognition of working memory on the spatial Stroop task including two modalities of attention resource. The similarity condition of stimulus arrangement between working memory task and spatial stroop task was manipulated in order to examine the effects of space-based attention on spatial rehearsal during working memory task, while Stroop rendition was manipulated in order to examine the effects of object-based attention on object rehearsal during working memory task. The results showed that in a condition that stimulus arrangement was highly similar for the spatial working memory task and the spatial Stroop task, recognition accuracy of the spatial working memory was high, but it was not significantly different with the Stroop conditions. In contrast, the recognition accuracy of visual working memory in the incongruent Stroop condition was lower than that in the congruent Stroop condition, but it was not significantly different with the similarity conditions (25% vs. 75%). The results indicated that selective attention has effects on working memory only when resource modality of working memory is the same as that of selective attention.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.580-583
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 동영상을 대상으로 하는 시각 주의 탐색에 대한 새로운 시스템에 대하여 설명한다. 제안하는 시스템은 기존의 공간 주의 모델에 새로운 시간 특징 추출 모듈을 추가함으로써 색상 및 명암, 형태, 방위와 같은 공간 특징 외에 움직임과 같은 시간 특징을 추가로 사용한 시각주의 탐색 모델이다. 기존 시스템과 가장 큰 차이점으로 공간 특징의 가중치 결합 방법과 움직임 특징 추출방법, 공간과 시간 특징 간 결합방법에 있다. 시스템의 성능평가를 위하여 다양한 환경의 영상을 대상으로 실험하였고 제안하는 시스템은 영상에서 사람이 시각적으로 중요하게 인지하는 영역과 부합되는 결과를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

웹에서 3차원 인터페이스를 제공하는 가상현실 공간을 구축하기 위해 VRML이 등장하였다. 또한 웹과 가상현실을 접목하고자 하는 과정에서, 3차원 가상환경을 사용자들이 네트워크를 통해 서로 공유하며 실시간으로 서로의 움직임을 인지하고 의사 전달을 하며 공동 작업을 수행하기 위한 분산 가상현실이라는 분야가 등장하였으나, 아직까지 실세계와 유사한 분산 가상현실을 지원하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 YRML 언어로 표현된 3차원 가상공간을 분할하여 관리하기 위한 가상세계 서버와 참여자들간의 상호작용 이벤트를 중계하고 공간 데이터를 클라이언트에 전송하기 위한 중계 서버, 기리고 이들 서버와 통신하는 가상세계 클이언트를 설계하였다. 특히 본 시스템에서는 가상공간을 분할증간 단위로 세분하여 이 단위로 서버가 클라이언트에게 전송하는 방법을 제시하였으며, 아바타의 행위 정보를 타 참여자에게 전송 분할공간 개념을 이용하여 같은 분할공간에 속한 참여자에게만 전송함으로서 불필요한 통신 부하를 줄이고 사용자 네비게이션 환경을 개선하였다.