• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 2013

Semantic similarity/relatedness measure between two concepts plays an important role in research on system integration and database integration. Moreover, current research on keyword recommendation or tag clustering strongly depends on this kind of semantic measure. For this reason, many researchers in various fields including computer science and computational linguistics have tried to improve methods to calculating semantic similarity/relatedness measure. This study of similarity between concepts is meant to discover how a computational process can model the action of a human to determine the relationship between two concepts. Most research on calculating semantic similarity usually uses ready-made reference knowledge such as semantic network and dictionary to measure concept similarity. The topological method is used to calculated relatedness or similarity between concepts based on various forms of a semantic network including a hierarchical taxonomy. This approach assumes that the semantic network reflects the human knowledge well. The nodes in a network represent concepts, and way to measure the conceptual similarity between two nodes are also regarded as ways to determine the conceptual similarity of two words(i.e,. two nodes in a network). Topological method can be categorized as node-based or edge-based, which are also called the information content approach and the conceptual distance approach, respectively. The node-based approach is used to calculate similarity between concepts based on how much information the two concepts share in terms of a semantic network or taxonomy while edge-based approach estimates the distance between the nodes that correspond to the concepts being compared. Both of two approaches have assumed that the semantic network is static. That means topological approach has not considered the change of semantic relation between concepts in semantic network. However, as information communication technologies make advantage in sharing knowledge among people, semantic relation between concepts in semantic network may change. To explain the change in semantic relation, we adopt the cognitive semantics. The basic assumption of cognitive semantics is that humans judge the semantic relation based on their cognition and understanding of concepts. This cognition and understanding is called 'World Knowledge.' World knowledge can be categorized as personal knowledge and cultural knowledge. Personal knowledge means the knowledge from personal experience. Everyone can have different Personal Knowledge of same concept. Cultural Knowledge is the knowledge shared by people who are living in the same culture or using the same language. People in the same culture have common understanding of specific concepts. Cultural knowledge can be the starting point of discussion about the change of semantic relation. If the culture shared by people changes for some reasons, the human's cultural knowledge may also change. Today's society and culture are changing at a past face, and the change of cultural knowledge is not negligible issues in the research on semantic relationship between concepts. In this paper, we propose the future directions of research on semantic similarity. In other words, we discuss that how the research on semantic similarity can reflect the change of semantic relation caused by the change of cultural knowledge. We suggest three direction of future research on semantic similarity. First, the research should include the versioning and update methodology for semantic network. Second, semantic network which is dynamically generated can be used for the calculation of semantic similarity between concepts. If the researcher can develop the methodology to extract the semantic network from given knowledge base in real time, this approach can solve many problems related to the change of semantic relation. Third, the statistical approach based on corpus analysis can be an alternative for the method using semantic network. We believe that these proposed research direction can be the milestone of the research on semantic relation.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2021

Wayfinding is a 'Process solving problem to find destination', and it is important to select spatial data for optimal way. Recently, due to the complexity of space and the expansion of the medium of the wayfinding service, it is necessary to the approach on the information design for them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a meta guideline on the information design for the design of orientation sign, which is an important cognitive clue in the wayfinding. It was conducted in 3 stages, First, a design process was proposed and design elements were derived for each step by literature research related to information and sign design, and analysis of manual for signage design. Second, a meta guideline for information organization and visualization in the three-stage design process was proposed by FGI and analysis. Third, the meta guideline was applied to the sign design on an area for user evaluation to inspect the applicability of the meta guideline. Through the user questionnaire, the possibility of applying the guideline for visualization of directions and spaces, information hierarchy according to spatial characteristics and information priority was identified. It is meaningful in that necessary element for signage design are systematized centering on the process and that it presents a macroscopic methodology according to spatial characteristics.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2018

Objectives: Insomnia is one of the major concerns in the elderly population. Cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia is the first line treatment option, but there are some limitations including time and cost burdens and the requirement for sufficient cognitive resources to obtain a proper treatment effect. The Brief intervention for insomnia (BII) is a treatment that focuses on behavioral aspects of insomnia in primary care practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BII in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A total of 47 older adults with insomnia were enrolled from community centers between May 2016 and January 2018. They participated in the BII program for three weeks. We gathered sleep-related participant information with using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Sleep hygiene index, and a sleep diary. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), waking after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE) before and after the treatment. Results: There was significant improvement in sleep-related features after BII. Global score and sleep quality from the PSQI, freshness, and WASO from the sleep diary showed statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: We found BII showed positive clinical efficacy in community dwelling older adults, especially from the perspective of subjective sleep quality and WASO. This finding implies that BII can be effectively applied for the managment of elderly insomnia patients in a community setting.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2007

In this study, we attempted to provide a distinctive cognitive, emotional 'Auditory User Interface (AUI) Design Guideline' according to home appliance groups and their functions. It is an effort to apply a new design method to practical affairs to overcome the limit of GUI centered appliance design and reflect user multimodal properties by presenting a guideline possible to generate auditory signals intuitively associable with the operational functions. The reason why this study is required is because of frequent instances given rise to annoyance as not systematic application of AUI, but arbitrary mapping. This study tried to provide a useful guideline of AUI in home appliances by extracting the relations with cognitive, emotional properties of a certain device or function induced by several properties of auditory signal and showing the empirical data on the basic mechanism of such relations.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Objectives : To investigate clinical and symptomatic differences among motoric subtypes of delirium. Methods : A total of 256 patients referred to psychiatric consultation services for delirium due to general medical condition were assessed retrospectively. Motoric subtypes were determined according to Lipowski's criteria for hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed subtypes. All patients were evaluated according to Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98(DRS-98-R) by trained psychiatrists to obtain symptomatic profiles of delirium. Results : Hyperactive subtype were 50.8%(n=130), mixed 46.1%(n=118) and hypoactive 3.1%(n=8). Hyperactive patients were younger than mixed subtype($69.62{\pm}13.976$ vs. $73.97{\pm}11.569$, p=0.022) and received antipsychotics to manage symptoms of delirium more frequently(83.8% vs. 57.6%, p<0.001). Hyperactive patients had higher DRS-R-98 scores on both noncognitive($7.14{\pm}3.543$ for hyperactive, $5.62{\pm}3.279$ for mixed subtype) and cognitive subscales($10.00{\pm}3.574$ for hyperactive, $6.38{\pm}2.875$ for hypoactive, $7.43{\pm}3.771$ for mixed subtype, p<0.001). Conclusions : We demonstrated that clinical and symptomatic profiles were different across motoric subtypes in delirium. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach should be made differently according to motoric subtypes of delirium and special attention is needed not to underestimate or delay treatment in specific motoric subtype of delirium.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.117
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• pp.275-301
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• 2011

Die Einzelwissenschaften, zum Beispiel, die Biologie, die Psychologie, Soziologie behandeln heuzutage den Menschen. Aber sie alle behandeln den Menschen nach ihren eigenen Gesichtpunkten. Infolgedessen $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$ die Einzelwissenschaften den ganzen Menschen als den Menschen nicht $ber{\ddot{u}}ksichtigen$. Jhre Anthropologien $m{\ddot{u}}{\ss}en$ daher weitgehend $beschr{\ddot{a}}nkt$ bleiben. Dagegen entwickelte Max Scheler im letzten Jahrhundert eine neue philosophische Anthropologie. Seine Anthropologie ist wirklich neu und grundgehend. Diese Anthropologie bestimmt den Menschen als Geist, Freiheit, Person. Aber Max Scheler betont allzusehr "den Geist" in seiner philosophischen Anthropologie und infolgedessen distanzierter sich vom "Leben" in seinem $Menschenverst{\ddot{a}}ndnis$. Die Verfasserin sieht hier in dieser philosophischen Anthropologie einen Dualismus zwischen den Geist und das leben. Und Verfasserin findet eine Integration von Geist und Leben in der ontologischen Anthropologie bei Edith Stein. Diese ontologische Anthropologie charakterisiert sich $folgenderma{\ss}en$. 1. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "$Ge{\ddot{o}}ffnet$-Seins." 2. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "$Gef{\ddot{u}}hlt$-Seins." 3. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "Einheits-Seins." Die Verfasserin behauptet infolgedessen die ontologische Anthropologie bei Edith Stein sei eine geeignete und $sachm{\ddot{a}}{\ss}ige$ Anthropologie.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.413-424
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• 2004

This paper defines the telepresence as a particular type of experience, rather than a collection of hardware. Defining telepresence in this way provides a means for examining telepresence in relation to other types of mediated experience. Presence refers to the natural perception of an environment, and telepresence refers to the mediated perception of an environment. Factors influencing whether a particular mediated environment will induce a sense of telepresence include the following: the combination of sensory stimuli employed in the environment, the ways in which participants are able to interact with the environment, and the characteristics of the individual experiencing the environment. Telepresence art invites the people from remote worlds to networked cyber space and creates the experience of 'being there' by making participants control the virtual reality system and receive feedback from their teleactions. It is the way to produce an open and engaging experience that manifests the cultural changes brought about by remote control, remote vision, telekinesis, and real-time exchange of audiovisual information. The principal determinants of telepresence are sensory immersion, sensory fidelity, cognitive fidelity and personal factors. This paper applies the 4 determinants to telepresence art works such as Ken Goldberg's Telegarden, Monika Fleischmann & Wolfgang Strauss' The Home of the Brain, Paul Sermon's Telematic Dreaming, Telematic Vision, Eduardo Kac's Uriapuru, Simon Penny's Traces and Paul Sermon & Andrea Zapp's A Body of Water.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-112
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• 2020

How does analytical psychology help understand patients at general psychiatric clinics? It's necessary to think about how knowledge of analytical psychology can help young psychiatrists who are in training. Patients who come to us bring symptoms(problems). Symptoms can be compared to tickets to a movie theater. Symptoms accompanied by complaints of pain are not only pathological phenomena to be eliminated, but an important pathway to access the patients' inner problems. In terms of seeing the whole, the point of view in analytical psychology is to see the unconscious as well as the consciousness, even the elements the patients do not speak or know of. When determining indications and contra-indications during the initial process of treating a patient, it is more important to acknowledge the therapist's capabilities and limitations than the patient's condition or limitations The approach to complaints of the same symptoms may differ depending on whether the patient is in the first half or the second half of one's life. Analytical psychology is empirical psychology that experiences and it adheres to a phenomenological position that recognizes the phenomenon as true in itself, not logically right or wrong. The analytical psychological view of understanding mental phenomena asks the causal perspective of why the symptoms occurred. At the same time, the therapist, along with the patient, must seek answers to the question of why now and for what purpose. A therapist is a person who experiences the patient's personal development process together. In analytical psychotherapy, the therapist's attitude is more emphasized than the treatment method or technique; it is regarded as of the utmost importance. In this regard, analytical psychology is a practical and useful therapeutic tool, and is a field of study that can be widely used in actual psychiatric clinics. In addition to understanding the patient, it is also the most important discipline for the therapists, especially for the education and growth of those who want to become a treatment tool themselves.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Although it is uncertain that the cause of changed pattern of the natural disaster related to water (i.e. flood and drought) is due to excessive carbon dioxide yielded from economic activity or the increased number of sunspots, it is apparent that there have been unusual climate change that directly affects the water resource management. Due to such a frequent unusual weather activities, there have been increased natural disaster and the most direct and major reason is considered as climate change. As we see, the climate change necessarily causes social costs. Especially, the effects on the water resource due to flood and drought take the considerable part of such costs. Therefore, this study is basic work to develop a new economic analysis technique to be used in pursuing appropriate adaptation project in field of the amount of cost damage through analysis of the effects of the climate change on the water resource. The models appeared in many reports for cost assessment of climate change were various (e.g., PAGE, DICE, AIM, IMAGE, MERGE, and etc.) and this report summarizes general characteristics of each model. To assess the effects of climate change of the water management, we defined the field of the water management on climate change. The results help post-study in field of the climate change's social-economic effect assessment, can be employed for the prioritizing process of the national fund's investment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.417-424
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• 2002

컴퓨터는 인간의 모든 꿈과 희망을 실현시켜 줄 수 있는 마법상자는 아니다. 정보화 시대라고 일컫는 현재, 정보의 가치를 더해주는 컴퓨터의 중요성은 날로 커지고 있는 반면 인간의 존엄성은 경시되고 있다. 많은 사람들은 요즘 사회가 커다란 도덕적 위기에 빠졌다고 걱정하지만 컴퓨터 사용과 관련된 윤리적 문제에 대해서는 심각하게 느끼지 못하고 있는 것 같다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 이런 관점에서 본 논문은 정보통신 시대가 수반하고 있는 사회적 영향력과 윤리적 이슈들에 대하여 좀더 교육적인 측면으로 접근해 윤리교육의 현황과 문제점, 그리고 체계적인 확산방안에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 논문에서는 사이버공간에서 윤리 교육을 받는 청소년들을 중심으로 그들에게 새로운 윤리교육의 한 형태인 사이버공간에서 관련된 문제들을 교육적인 측면으로 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그러나, 무엇보다 우리가 명심해야 할 것은 인간의 존엄성은 그 어떤 이유를 막론하고 존중되어야 한다는 사실이다. 검증되지 않은 스토리 보드에 의한 저작 단계로 바로 돌입하고 있는 것이 한국의 실정이라 하겠다. 따라서 본 프로젝트에 의해 개발 된 교수 설계 도구는 교육/학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증을 위한 방법론인 교육 공학의 체제적 교수 설계 이론 Model (Instructional System Design Model), 특히 그 중에서도 이 분야의 사실상의 표준 이론(de facto standard)인 Dick & Carey 교수와 Gagne 교수의 인지주의 ISD Model을 기반으로 정교한 교수 설계와 코스 맵 설계를 가능하게 함으로써 학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증 활동을 지원 할 수 있는 도구로 개발하였다. 특히 Linux 기반에서 PHP로 개발 함으로써 Platform에 구애받지 않은 사용 환경을 구현 하였으며 향후 많은 e-Learning Platform에 교수 설계 모듈로 장착 함으로써 기존의 e-Learning Platform들의 가치를 높일 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 생각한다.실징후를 파악하는데 그치지 않고 부실의 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 대응 전략을 수립하며 그 결과를 측정하는데 활용될 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기업의 부도예측 정보 중 현금흐름정보를 통하여 '인터넷기업의 미래 현금흐름측정, 부도예측신호효과, 부실원인파악, 비즈니스 모델의 성격규정 등을 할 수 있는가'를 검증하려고 한다. 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(