• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2014

A survey was carried out regarding university students' recognition of high-caffeine energy drinks in an effort to identify and improve problems as well as provide basic data. Most of the subjects had previous experience of energy drink consumption. Studies showed that most students consumed energy drinks when studying. Regarding frequency of energy drink consumption, most students' responded "1~6 times a year"; female students showed lower frequency of energy drink consumption than male students. Both male and female students used convenience stores to purchase energy drinks. In most cases, students became aware of energy drinks through advertisements on TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines. The most important factor affecting their energy drink purchase and consumption status was taste. The most frequent adverse effect they experienced after drinking an energy drink was unusual heart-pounding, whereas the biggest problem caused by energy drink consumption was addiction. This study indicates that students should have a better understanding of the problems associated with excessive and prolonged high-caffeine intake. In addition, instructions for proper purchasing and consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks should be provided as well as education and campaigns concerning symptoms caused by high-caffeine energy drink consumption so that students may refrain from excessive consumption. Further, civil organizations and the government need to devise effective measures for proper regulation of high-caffeine energy drink consumption.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.569-592
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• 2018

This study purported to investigate the current state of human rights of older adults residing in rural areas of Korea. The study utilized, as an analytic framework, 4 priority directions (1. "older persons and development", 2. "rural area development", 3. "advancing health and well-being into old age", and 4. "ensuring enabling and supportive environments") with 13 task actions recommended by Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA). Furthermore, the study examined gender differences in all items included in the analytic framework. Data was collected by the face-to-face survey on 800 subjects aged 65 and over. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 13.0 program. The main results were summarized in order of 4 priority directions as follows. First, average working hours per day were 6.2, and men reportedly participated in economic activities and needed job training more than women, while women participated in lifelong education programs more than men. Awareness of fire and disaster prevention facilities was low in both genders. Second, accessibility to the support center for the elderly living alone as well as protective services for the vulnerable elderly was found to be low. IT-based services and networking were used more by men than women, and specifically, IT-based financial transactions and welfare services were least used. Third, medical check-ups and vaccinations were well received, while consistent treatments for chronic illnesses and long-term care services were relatively less given. In addition, accessibility to mental health service centers was considerably low. Fourth, although old house structures and the lack of convenience facilities were found to be circumstantial risk factors for these elders, experiences of receiving housing support services were scarce. The elderly were found to rely more on informal care, and concerns for their care were higher in women than men. Plus, accessibility to elderly abuse services was markedly low. Based on these results, discussed were implications for implementing policies and practical interventions to raise the levels of the human rights for this population.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to analyze the production of extra-large egg and assess the impacts of exogenous factors in feeding the layer chicken. The main results of this study are as follows; First, feeding rations on the basics of statistics, internal maximum and minimum temperature and, the age at first egg affect the production of extra-large egg. Second, implicating the standardized coefficients from the conclusion of regression model estimating suggest that the amount of feed has the greatest impact on production followed by the age at first egg. Third, by using the elasticity of output and the volatility in the production, the result suggest that among the independent variable factors in the external volatility, the biggest one goes to feed ration, and the age at first egg follows. In order to control the production volatility in the extra-large egg production of the farms, it is necessary to manage an efficient feeding based on feed ration, age at first egg and, the maximum and minimum temperature inside the farm. Taken together, the results demonstrates that it should be concentrated by controlling the exogenous factors affecting extra large egg production and the management system construct, to increase extra-large egg production and the income of farmers at the same time.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2009

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of social support with health status and health behavior. Methods:　This study was conducted with 79 elderly people in Gunja-ri, Dongsan-myun, Chuncheon. We performed face to face interview which was composed of socio-demographic characteristics, social support, health status and health behavior. The association between social support and result variables was analysed by Chi-square test and logistic regression. We used SAS ver9.1 for statistic analysis. Results: Mean age of the study population was 72.0$\pm$7.0, social support score was 14.3$\pm$4.7 with full marks of 20 and 36.25% of the total population were shown to have depression. When the social support score was changed, depression (p=0.0007) and physical exercise (p=0.0312) showed significant difference. The self-rated health status was significantly related to the relationship with family members (OR=0.25, 95% CI=0.07-0.95) and the quality of sleep was also significantly associated to the relationship with family members (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.06-0.73). The physical exercise was done significantly less in the group without close friends than in the group with many close friends (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.05-0.94) and the depression was significantly more in the group without community participation than in the group with community participation (OR=4.79, 95% CI=1.62-14.15). Conclusions: Through this study, we could conclude that the social support factors are associated with health status and health behavior. Therefore, to improve the health status of rural elderly, we need to approach to develop social support.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.602-611
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• 2008

The sound design performed in the production of media contents, such as TV, movie, and CF, have been conducted through the experienced feeling of some experts in the aspect of auditory effects that communicates stories. Also, there have been few studies of the quantitative approach and verification to apply visual and auditory effects felt by users. This study is a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design and investigates the difference in communication effects in which the difference in a sound design in the production of media contents that affects users. This study analyzed the brain quotient (BQ) obtained by the measurement of brain waves during the watching of an experiment image (track A) designed by using a 60-second TV CF only and an experiment image (track B) designed by sound effects and music and investigated which sound design represents differences in communication effects for users. The results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: First, in the results of the comparison of the attention quotient (ATQ), which is the BQ of recognition effects, between A and B tracks, the track A showed a higher difference in activation than the track B. It can be analyzed that the sound design based on music showed higher levels in attention and concentration than that of the sound effect design. Second, in the results of the comparison of the emotional quotient (EQ), which is emotional effects, between A and B tracks, the track A represented a higher difference than the track B. It means that the sound design based on music showed higher contribution levels in emotional effects than that of the design based on sound effects. Third, in the results of the comparison of the left and right brain equivalent quotient (ACQ), which is memory activation effects, between A and B tracks, there were no significant differences. In the results of the experiments, although there are some constraints in TV CF based on the conventional theories in which sound effects based design affects strong concentration, and music based design affects emotional feeling, the music based design may present more effects in continued concentration. In addition, it was evident that the music based design showed higher effects in emotional aspects. However, it is necessary to continue the study by increasing the number of subjects for improving the little differences in ACQ. This study is useful to investigate the communication effects of the sound based design in media contents as a quantitative manner through measuring brain waves and expect the results of this study as the basic materials in the fields of sound production.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.3-34
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• 2018

Korea's air transport industry has a 70-year history since Korea National Airline was establishment in October 1948. Korea has 9 airlines which have international air transport business licenses, and as of 2017, air transport performance(Domestic & International) is ranked 8th in the world. Through analysis of Korea's air transport industry, this paper examines the essential problems of the domestic air transport industry and what policies and laws should be supplemented, and presents an "Policy Directions for the Air Transport Industry" that can continue to grow into a global aviation leading country in the future. Analysis of aviation statistics shows that the nation's air transport industry has a very high growth rate, and national airlines continue to invest in sustainable growth. Furthermore, new companies are also trying to enter the market. As of November 2018, four companies applied for licenses for international air transport business, one for international air transport business (cargo) license, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is expected to decide whether to issue the license by first quarter of 2019. While some expect price reductions and consumer benefits through competition promotion, others worry about worsening airline financial structures and reducing safety investment due to competition. To sum up the problems of the nation's air transport industry, first, low-cost airlines focus only on attracting domestic demand, and thus have a weak foundation for continued growth. Second, the rapid growth in recent years has led to the lack of aviation professionals such as pilots and technicians and the saturation of slots at major airports. Third, since the financial soundness of airlines is not systematically managed, the financial situation of airlines can quickly deteriorate and the damage can be attributed to consumers. In order for the national airlines to continue to develop, the first is to focus on the endless demand of the global aviation market and to secure international competitiveness. Second, the government should support the airline infrastructure according to the size of the air transport industry, third, we will systematically nurture aviation experts who will lead the future of the nation's air transport industry, and finally, the government will have to continuously manage the financial status of airlines to prevent consumer damage in advance. Nowadays the air transport industry has become very competitive. Not only do airlines have to work hard for the sustainable development of national airlines, but all government agencies must support our airline companies in policy to win international competition.