• 에너지공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 디젤연소장의 분위기조건에 따라 다성분 혼합연료의 질량분률이 분무착화 및 연소특성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 고찰하는데 있다. 착화 및 연소특성은 화학발광계측법 및 직접촬영법을 이용하여 분석되었다. 실험은 광계측기를 사용하여 RCEM에서 이루어졌으며, 이소옥탄, 노말 도데칸, 노말 헥사데칸으로 혼합한 다성분연료는 커먼레일 인젝터의 전자제어에 의해 RCEM의 연소실 내로 분사된다. 실험조건은 분사압력 42, 72, 112 MPa과 분위기온도 700, 800, 900 K로 하였다. 그 결과로서 착화지연은 고세탄가성분에 의존하고, 분위기온도가 낮을 경우 저비점성분 혼합비율의 증가에 따라 휘도영역이 현저하게 낮아지며, 열발생률이 증가하면서 확산연소기간을 단축시킨다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.585-586
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a design, analysis, fabrication and performance test of the novel DoD metal-jet system for application to the high-density and high-temperature-melting materials. Based on the theoretical analysis, we design the metal-jet print head system and fabricate the metal-jet system, which can eject the droplet of lead-free metal solder in the high-temperature. In the experimental test, we set up the test apparatus for visualization of the droplet ejection and measure the Ejected droplet volume and velocity. As a result, the diameter, volume and the velocity of the ejected droplet are about $65-70{\mu}m$, 145-180 pl and 4m/sec. We also fabricate vertical and inclined 3D micro column structures using the present molten metal inkjet system. The measured geometries of the micro column structures are about height of $2,100{\mu}m$, diameter of $200{\mu}m$ and aspect ratio of 10.5 for vertical micro column and $1,400{\mu}m$ of height and $150{\mu}m$ of diameter for $65^{\circ}$-inclined micro column, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4729-4735
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• 2014

적극적인 환경보호를 위해 그동안 상대적으로 소홀하였던 오프로드 엔진에 대한 배기가스 배출 규제가 강화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 NOx와 PM 배출물 특성을 고려하여 오프로드 디젤 엔진의 강건 설계를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 실험계획법에 따라 배출물 NOx와 PM의 측정 실험을 수행하고 다구찌 기법으로 망소 SN 비를 산출하고 분산 분석을 수행하였다. NOx와 PM 배출량에 영향을 미치는 제어 인잘로 인젝터 홀 수, 연료 분사 시기, EGR 율을 선택하였으며 각 제어 인자에 대하여 2 또는 3 수준을 고려하여 직교 배열표를 작성하였고, 이에 근거하여 실험을 수행하였다. 망소 SN 비를 산출하고 델타 통계량을 계산하였다. 저부하 운전 조건에서는 분사 시기가 NOx 배출량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치며, EGR 율이 PM 배출량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 결과를 얻었다. 제어 인자들에 대한 신뢰수준은 90% 이상이었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2006

In the past few years, considerable efforts have been directed towards the further development of Urea-SCR(selective catalytic reduction) technique for diesel-driven vehicle. Although urea possesses considerable advantages over Ammonia$(NH_3)$ in terms of toxicity and handling, its necessary decomposition into Ammonia and carbon dioxide complicates the DeNOx process. Moreover, a mobile SCR system has only a short distance between engine exhaust and the catalyst entrance. Hence, this leads to not enough residence times of urea, and therefore evaporation and thermolysis cannot be completed at the catalyst entrance. This may cause high secondary emissions of Ammonia and isocyanic acid from the reducing agent and also leads to the fact that a considerable section of the catalyst may be misused for the purely thermal steps of water evaporation and thermolysis of urea. Hence the key factor to implementation of SCR technology on automobile is fast thermolysis, good mixing of Ammonia and gas, and reducing Ammonia slip. In this context, this study performs three-dimensional numerical simulation of urea injection of heavy-duty diesel engine under various injection pressure, injector locations and number of injector hole. This study employs Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to consider break-up, evaporation and heat and mass-transfer between droplet and exhaust gas with considering thermolysis and the turbulence dispersion effect of droplet. The SCR-monolith brick has been treated as porous medium. The effect of location and number of hole of urea injector on the uniformity of Ammonia concentration distribution and the amount of water at the entrance of SCR-monolith has been examined in detail under various injection pressures. The present results show useful guidelines for the optimum design of urea injector for reducing Ammonia slip and improving DeNOx performance.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2017

A gasoline direct injection engine has an intake air temperature can be lowered by the fuel vaporization in the combustion chamber increase the volume efficiency is high compression ratio. Therefore, study for injection rate and characteristics which influence mixture formation in combustion chamber is important. Movement of the injector needle has a direct effect on the injection of the fuel, such as formation of cavitation, the fuel injection rate, etc. Therefore, recent studies on the dynamic characteristics of the injector considering the movement of the needle have been reported, but it takes a lot of time and cost to experimentally confirm the movement of the needle inside the injector. In this study, AMESim, a commercial 1-D code, and Star-CCM+, a 3-D CFD code, were used to predict the dynamic performance of the injector with needle motion. In order to predict the movement of the needle under the high pressure, the result of the surface pressure distribution according to the movement of the needle was derived by using the morphing technique of flow analysis. In addition, we predicted the injection rate of the injector considering the movement of the needle in conjunction with the 1-D code. The injection rate of the injector was measured by the BOSCH's method and the results were similar to those of the simulation results. This method can predict the injection rate and injection characteristics and this result is expected to be used to predict the performance of gasoline direct injection engines with low cost and time in the future.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2009

Since a liquid-phase LPG injection system allows accurate control of fuel injection and increase in volumetric efficiency, it has advantages in achieving higher engine power and lower emissions compared to the mixer type LPG supplying system. However, this system also leads to an unexpected event called icing phenomenon which occurs when moisture in the air near the injector freezes and becomes frost around the nozzle hole due to extraction of heat from surrounding caused by instant fuel vaporization. As a result, it becomes difficult to control air/fuel ratio in engine operation, inducing exacerbation of engine performance and HC emission. One effort to mitigate icing phenomenon is to attach anti-icing injection tip in the end of nozzle. Therefore, in this study, the effect of engine operation parameters as well as surrounding conditions on icing phenomenon was investigated in a bench test rig with commercially-used anti-icing injection tips. The test results show that considerable ice was deposited on the surface near the nozzle hole of the anti-icing tip in low rpm and low load operating conditions in ambient air condition. This is because acceleration of detachment of deposited ice from the tip surface was induced in high load, high rpm conditions, resulting in decrease in frost accumulation. The results of the bench testing also demonstrate that little or no ice was formed at surrounding temperature below a freezing point since the absolute amount of moisture contained in the intake air is too small in such a low temperature.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2005

The spray characteristics of DISI injector have a great role in gasoline engine efficiency and emission. Thus, many researchers have studied to investigate the spray characteristics of swirl and slit injectors that are used in a DISI engine. In this study, we tried to provide spray parameters, which affect on the spray characteristics such as injection pressure, ambient pressure and ambient temperature. In addition, we calculated $t_{b}\;and\;t_{c}$ to investigate the break up mechanism of test injectors and obtained $C_{v}$ to evaluate the spray characteristics. As the ambient pressure increases in case of slit injector, $C_{v}$ decreases. The laser-induced exciplex fluorescence (LIEF) technique, which is based on spectrally resolved two-color fluorescent emissions, has applied to measure the liquid and vapor phases for on evaporating spray simultaneously. The TMPD/naphthalene proposed by Melton is used as a dophant to detect exciplex signal. The temporal and spatial distribution of liquid and vapor phases during the mixture formation process was measured by this technique. In the LIEF technique, the vapor phase is detected by the monomer fluorescence while the liquid phase is tracked by the exciplex fluorescence. From this experiment, we found that the spray area of the vapor phase is increased with elapsed time after injection and the area of liquid is decreased when the ambient pressure is 0.1MPa. However, the area tends to increase until the end of injection when the ambient pressure is 1.0MPa.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.484-488
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• 2010

산화제로 $GN_2O$, 고체 연료는 HDPE(High Density PolyEthlene)를 사용하여 End-Burning 하이브리드 연소 실험을 수행하여 GOX/HDPE를 사용한 결과와 연소 특성을 비교하였다. 스월 인젝터 출구의 산화제 분사 속도 차이로 인해 $GN_2O$를 사용한 경우에 GOX를 사용한 경우보다 낮은 후퇴율이 나타났으나 연소 효율은 $GN_2O$/HDPE가 GOX/HDPE의 경우보다 높게 나타났다. 연소실 압력 및 추력은 연소 시간동안 비교적 일정하게 유지되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.820-824
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• 2010

본 연구는 소형 하이브리드 로켓의 제작 및 발사를 통해 하이브리드 발사체의 기초 발사기술을 확보하는 것이다. 연료로는 HDPE, 산화제는 $LN_2O$를 적용하였으며, 알루미늄 외형재질의 설계 총 무게 12.5 kg, 외경 114 mm, 전장 1.8 m의 소형 하이브리드 로켓을 설계하였다. 로켓의 목표고도는 500 m로 설정하였고, 목표 추력 50 kgf와 연소시간 2.5 초의 연료 그레인 및 인젝터를 설계 및 제작하였다. 발사 후 실시간 압력 및 속도 등의 데이터를 수집하기 위한 데이터 획득장치와 로켓의 안정적인 회수를 위한 스프링-모터를 이용한 사출장치를 제작 탑재하였다. 로켓의 발사는 성공적으로 수행되었으나, 로켓 중량의 증가 및 추력의 부족으로 설계 최고 고도에는 로켓이 미치지 못했고, 로켓의 비행 궤도를 분석하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권10호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1998

1.2㎛ 더블 폴리 부유게이트 트랜지스터로 구성된 아날로그 메모리가 CMOS 표준공정에서 제작되었다. 효율적인 프로그래밍을 위해 일반적인 아날로그 메모리에서 사용되었던 불필요한 초기 소거 동작을 제거하였으며 프로그래밍과 읽기의 경로를 동일하게 가져감으로서 읽기 동작 시에 발생하는 증폭기의 DC offset 문제를 근본적으로 제거하였다. 어레이의 구성에서 특정 셀을 주변의 다른 셀들로부터 격리시키는 패스 트랜지스터 대신에 Vmid라는 별도의 전압을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 아날로그 메모리가 디지털 메모리의 6비트에 해당하는 정밀도를 보였으며 프로그래밍 시에 선택되지 않은 주변의 셀들에 간섭 효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 아날로그 어레이를 구성하는 셀은 특이한 모양의 인젝터 구조를 가지고 있으며, 이것은 아날로그 메모리가 특별한 공정 없이도 트랜지스터의 breakdown 전압 아래에서 프로그래밍 되도록 하였다.