• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to simplify standard HACCP manual for improving the on-site applicability and increasing the implementation rate of HACCP program for small- and medium-sized dairy farms (SMDF). A survey was carried out in 32 SMDFs using a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the number of workers had a positive correlation with HACCP certifications (p < 0.05). Most of HACCP non-certified farms (66.7%) were run by two workers with 40-60 cows and milking yields of 1,000-1,500 L per day. Major drawbacks for dairy farmers to implement current HACCP system were the difficulties in daily recording and facility management (40%). On the basis of the survey results, it was suggested that the development of on-site standard HACCP manual and user-friendly record chart with O/X checklist were the most urgent factors to increase HACCP implementation rate. In addition, the alternative third party service for microbial and chemical tests could also be accompanied for small-sized dairy farms.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-167
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• 1979

Proposal on the ways to determine the optimum levels of nutrients application on rice to maximize the yield was made paying attention on the desirable ratios among the major nutrients including N (organic matter) K, $SiO_2$, Ca, Mg. Following are the summary of the discussion. 1. For the higher yields, the balanced nutrients absorption is important. 2. Silica plays an important role in leading the applied N to increased yield. 3. Level of N application should be determined taking account of soil organic matter and abailable silicate contents. The higher the ratio of $SiO_2$/O.M. the more N can be applied for higher yield. 4. Different rice cultivars responds to the ratio of $SiO_2$/O.M. in soils, in different manner, in translating the applied N into yield. 5. By altering the ratio of $SiO_2$/O.M. through the application of silicate fertilizer or organic matter, the requirement of N in accordance with varietal characteristics can be determined. 6. When amount of N determined by above mentioned approaches, level of K application can be determined upon the basis of the ratio of $K/\sqrt{Ca+Mg}$ in soils.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

This paper presents sedimentation and consolidation characteristics of dredged soils mixed with sand materials through the self-weight consolidation tests adopting stepwise filling method. After completely throwing away dredged soils daily by flour kinds of S-C, which is the quantity of sand contained, results fi:om laboratory tests are compared with those from a new method using hyperbolic, which considers stage settling and consolidating characteristics, and those from the existing analyzing method. Liquid limit up to 65% had a large effect on consistency properties. Assuming that the settlement occurred only by clay content of dredged soils, it is shown that the clay void ratio is less than 2 and 4 respectively in case S-C is 0% and 50%. In the applied hyperbolic method, reinitialized curve has a linear behavior of a coefficient of correlation of almost 1, and the coefficient of slope and intercept except fur the specimen with the height of 10cm and 20cm had a tendency to fellow exponent function and a shape of zone settling and dispersing settling. The results computed by the applied hyperbolic method rather than the existing analyzing method coincide with those of laboratory tests. It is shown that the former is more suitable than the latter for the area considering the influence, of sand materials.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.219-225
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the amount of fat, vitamins and minerals in milk can be affected by hydrodynamic cavitation since cavitation is recently focused on as one of the sterilization methods. Vitamins (vitamin A, $B_2$), minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn) and fat contents were measured according to Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's Processing Standards and Component Specifications of Animal Product. Vitamin A & $B_2$ contents decreased approximately 23% & 19%, respectively after cavitation. Minerals content showed no change after cavitation. Also, P and Mg contents were reduced after cavitation to 2 mg/100g and 0.1 mg/100g, showing no change. Milk fat content was 3.46% before cavitation and 3.41% after cavitation, displaying no difference. Hydrodynamic cavitation process displays a possibility to replace existing pasteurizing method, as it does not change vitamin or mineral contents in milk. Therefore, a more clear and systematic research on hydrodynamic cavitation pasteurization is needed to distribute excellent quality milk and to emphasize physiochemical properties and quality change of existing heat pasteurization process.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

Purification of hyaluronic acid produced by Streptococcus equi was carried out to obtain clinical grade hyaluronic acid. The removal method of the bacteria was selected as filtration because filtration was the most effective method in removing impurities such as protein and nucleic acid of the fermentation broth. The removal efficiencies of protein and nucleic acid of hyaluronic acid solution were increased to 75% and 67%, respectively, by filtration with adding 0.6% of activatied carbon and 1.0% colite. Hyaluronic acid solution was precipitated by mixing with 2 volumes of ethanol. Effects of pH and conductivity on ethanol preciptation of hyaluronic acid were investigated. Protein and nucleic acid of hyaluronic acid were remained almost constant regardless of pH and conductivity, and the recovery of hyaluronic acid was optimum as about 85% at pH 7 and l00mS of conductivity Protein of hyaluronic acid was completly removed by three serial filtration and ethanol precipitation, however, nucleic acid was not removed. Hyaluronic acid solution was passed through a column of Duolite A7 to remove its nucleic acid, where 65% of nucleic acid was removed at pH 7 and 40mS of conductivity. The residual nucleic acid of hyaluronic acid solution was completly removed by treatment of 0.2% hydroxyapatite and the clinical grade hylauronic acid could be obtained.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1994

Characterstics, genesis and classification of soils derived from coarse grain granitic materials were discussed with four soil series, such as Samgag, Sangju. Sachon and Yecheon which were distributed over the area of Gangdae-Ri, Nengseo-Myeon, Yeoju-Gun, Gyunggi-Do. The results are as follows. 1. Samgag, Sangju, Sachon and Yecheon had a soil of excessively, well, imperfectly and poorly drained, thus they had a soil drainage sequence. 2. Soil textural class were from sandy loam to loam. Silt and clay content were increased with descending to the local bottom, while sand content was decreased. 3. Soils were very strongly to strongly acid and OM, CEC, exchangeable cation, and available $P_2O_5$ in soils seemed to be increased with ascending to the local boctom. 4. Kaolinite and Quartz were the dominant clay mineral and the other was Vermiculite and Illite. 5. Samgag was classified as Typic Dystrochrepts, Sangju as Dystric-Fluventic Eutrochrepts, Sachon as Aeric-Fluventic Halpaquepts, and Yecheon as Fluventic Haplaquepts.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

This experiment was carried out to order to determine the forage production and soil characteristics in mixtures of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and annual legumes at the riverbed. The IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in fresh, dry matter (DM) as well as total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields among the forage mixtures. Further IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in DM content. The crude protein (CP) content of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest, Whereas non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were lower compared to other mixtures. The total nitrogen (TN) of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest due to high nitrogen fixation in the riverbed soil. The IRG and rape mixture was the highest in organic matter (OM) of soil. Moreover, the available $P_2O_5$ of soil in IRG and crimson clover mixtures was higher compared to other mixtures. Further, the IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest in cation exchange capacity (CEC) content. Therefore IRG and hairy vetch mixture is more suitable in forage mixtures due to high forage production and protein as well as high soil CEC content at the riverbed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 1989

Soil properties for the limestone-derived soil were examined to relate soil formation to stratigraphy of parent materials and hillslope positions in Bangjeol Ri, Yeongweol Eup, Gangweon Do. Pyeongchang, Anmi, Yulgog and Mungyeong series were described for topographic positions such as shoulder position, footslope, terrace and local bottom associated with toposequence where the landscape consisted of gently rolling hillslopes and nearly level plains. 1. Pyeongchang, Anmi, Yulgog and Mungyeong series had the standard hue of the 2.5YR, 5YR, 10YR and 2.5Y, respectively. Thus, color sequence of soil could be related to hillslope positions on the landscape. 2. With ascending slope toward summit, the clay content increased while silt content decreased 3. Silt/Clay ratios ranged from 0.27 to 3.76 and it was increased with descending to bottom. It, also, appeared that maturity of soil was higher at summit position than at bottom. 4. Soils developed in limestone were neutral in soil reaction and very low in available $P_2O_5$. OM, available $SiO_2$, CEC, and active Fe in soils seemed to be increased with ascending to summit position.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 1999

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the forage productivity and quality in a grass/clover sward as affected by the application of three different fertilizers; double superphosphate(DS), fused Mg-phosphate(FP), and complex fertilizer(CF), on newly reclaimed hilly soil. This 1st part was concerned with the forage yields, yield components and botanical composition. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The significant differences in the yields(relative yields, %) of whole forages and legume were laid in the following increasing order; CF(relative yield: 150.4% in whole forages and 169.7% in ladino clover) > FP(125.4% in whole forages and 121.7% in ladino clover) > DS(100.0%). The yield of orchardgrass was significantly reduced in the DS plot, compared with the yields in the FP and CF plots, whereas these showed no significant differences between the FP and CF plots. 2. In the botanicl composition, it showed that the rates of grass : legume were 48:52% in the DS and FP, and 40:60% in the CF. It was recognized that the application of complex fertilizer contributed to the increasing of the yields of whole forages, and especially legume yield and rate in the mixed sward.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1991

Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic nagellate in the urogenital tract of human. Innate cytotonicity of macrophages against T. vaginalis has been recognized, but any report on the cytotoxicity of Iymphokine-activated macrophages to T vaginalis is not yet available. The present study aimed to elucidate the Iymphokine-activated cell mediated cytotoxic effect against T. vaginalis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cytotoxicity was measured by counting the release of $^3H-thymidine$ from prelabeled protozoa, and tested in U-bottom microtiter plates. Nitrite concentration in culture supernatants was measured by standard Griess reaction. The results obtained are as follows: 1, The cytotoxicity of macrophages was increased by addition of rIL-2 or $rIFN-{\gamma}$$. 2, Cytotoxicity of macrophages was reduced by addition of rIL-4 to rOM-CSV, rIL-2 or $rIFN-{\gamma}$. 3. Crude Iymphokine mixed with anti-lL-2 decreased the cytotoxity of macrophages. 4. In case of macrophages cultured with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ or rIL-4, the concentration of nitrite was related with cytotokity of macrophages against T. vaginalis, but the cytotoxicity of macrophages cultured with rIL-2 and $rIFN-{\gamma}$ was decreased in spite of its high production of llitrite. From the results obtained, it is assumed that rIL-2 and $rIFN-{\gamma}$ enhance the cytotoxicity of macrophages while rIL-4 inhibits the cytotoxicity against T. vaginalis, and that the production of nitrite does not relate with the cytotoxicity of macrophages, but nitric oxide may play a role as an inhibitory factor on the proliferation of T. vaginalis.