• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.213-238
• /
• 2017

This paper aims to point out that the contemporary textbook is a common cognitive construct, and that the realistic drawings in the textbooks have played an important role in shaping the world recognition. The main subjects of this study are the racial-ethnic illustrations of elementary school geography textbooks, published by the Japanese Ministry of Education, the Japanese Government-General of Taiwan and Korea, the educational association of Manchu. By comparing the same factors in various textbooks, it examines how the temporal and spatial recognition of the world is adjusted by visual representation. The main findings of this study are three fold. First, the world was introduced to the extent of the sum that the census and the classifications of racial and ethnic groups were adopted. And the world appeared later in the year supported by the racial and ethnic minorities. Second, the expressive style of racial and ethnic groups changed from an emphasis on a heterogeneous part as an object of scientific observation in the early stage to a later one with a life culture similar to the reader. Third, racial ethnic illustrations have been used differently depending on the publishing region in the Empire, giving readers in different regions with different images of the same category. In many cases, it was possible to know the politics of representation and the use of certain racial ethnic illustrations. The textbooks of the first half of the 20th century gave great recognition to the people who could not meet with the readers by using the illustrations. A child in the mainland is aware of his position in a "viewing position" while viewing various empire people through the textbook. On the other hand, in the textbooks of the colonial children, they stood in the position of 'being seen', and showed a change in internalizing the position of the mainland along with the expansion of the empire.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2016

The current PF project is entirely relying on construction company's credibility. As such, it has increased a negative and bad recognition in domestic real estate economy. In addition, PF experts has a perception that a project's safety of future cash flow profitability is more important than the construction company's credibility. So many PF experts make an effort in order to set aside safe project structure of PF and analyse systematically the risks of the project. In common feasibility study of the PF Project, financial specialists and real estate specialists are forecasting and evaluating the suitability of the project through reviewing the development profit from the project of sales. However, cash flow analysis and evaluation from the perspective of mid-sized construction companies are still in the primary level. Therefore, this study has analysed the current feasibility study and go/no go decision making procedures. Then the authors have a new cash flow analysis method from the perspective of mid-sized construction companies, by improving the feasibility study and go/no go decision making procedures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.631-643
• /
• 2018

This study is the first ever attempted series paper of one particular TV drama writer, Su-Hyeon Kim, with diversified and systematic scale. Along with the just before study, proving Su-Hyeon Kim's line's conceptual properties as the Bahktin's dialogism, its core of polyphony, this study is to analyze the concrete method of creation through Bahktin's Canivalistic creation component of 'Grotesque Realism' and 'Unofficial Square Language'. With her work of (SBS, 1992), this study verifies its characteristic creation of lines to be the 'Grotesque Realism' components of overturn, destruction, and creation along with 'Unofficial Square Language' components of the masses, material, physical language, and discourse of self-liberation. In this way, this study is on one hand, to overcome the application problem of Bahktin's theory as a separated one, but also to enhance the quality of the study of the writer and the lines. As a result, she has acquired her own distinction of ambivalence by the way of demotion, overturn with masses' material, physical, unofficial square language along with a stronger execution of acquiring self denial, positivity. liberation, and life. Therefore the writer is highly rated for her fierce cognition of language and her artistic spirit. Also, this paper proposes the following study to appraise the impact of the writer's differentiation and artistic spirit on the creation of Korean TV drama, contents industry, and mass media.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 2009

Urban discourse can be used to create a better living environment through open thinking, understanding and discussion. It raises both physical and social issues surrounding the urban environment. It can encourage the participation of citizen groups and lead the way to develop a community-oriented urban environment through inter-discourse agreement. The urban space of Cheonggye Stream has produced a wide range of urban discourse from 2003 to the present. Discourse regarding the Cheonggye Stream restoration project has been approached by fields including landscape architecture, ecology, urbanism, architecture, politics, and economics, among others. This discourse has reduced a variety of issues and ranges of debate. This study has classified these discussions into related fields and ideological attitudes, analysed their content, and interpreted their meaning. In order to examine the mutual relationships existing among these discourses by different ideological groups, an analytical framework was established byputting classified versions of discourses into a coordinate diagram. The overall topography showing the present status of Korea public awareness regarding the urban environment could therefore be determined. As a result, it was found that the disciplines of landscape architecture took a middle ground between groups with practical and radical ideologies regarding the Cheonggye Stream project and was a mediator for both poles to find a point of contact. However, participatory discourse requires the disciplines of landscape architecture to participate more actively in the discourses on urban environment and take a more active stand corresponding to the zeitgeist and people's sense of public justice.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.39-58
• /
• 2006

In Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik wird die Idee als Leben des Begriffes, objektive Vollendung und Einheit von Subjekt und Objekt bezeichnet. Die Idee ist die Einheit von Begriff und dessen Existenz und des weiteren die "allgemeine Bedeutung des wahren Seins". Die Idee ist nicht die Namensgebung einer Abstraktion der Sache als abstrakte Sache oder einer reinen Form, sondern 'das Werden zum Diesem' oder 'das Diese' des konkreten und realistischen Objektes 'Dies hier und jetzt'. Auf einer solchen logischen Bestimmung beruhend, behauptet Hegel in seiner ${\ddot{A}}sthetik$ die Gleichheit zwischen "$Sch{\ddot{o}}nheit$" selbst und der "Idee der $Sch{\ddot{o}}nheit$". "Das $Sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ selbst" ist gleichzusetzen mit der "Idee der $Sch{\ddot{o}}nheit$" und wenn die Idee in einer bestimmte Form hineinpasst, wird dies das Ideale genannt. Hier liegt der Grund, weshalb wir die Idee als Begriff, Begriff des Daseins oder Einheit des Objektes bezeichnen $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$. Die Idee ist die Einheit von Begriff und dessen $Realit{\ddot{a}}t$, jedoch ist die dominierende Kraft der Einheit der Begriff. Die Idee ist die $Totalit{\ddot{a}}t$ der subjektiven Bestimmung und nur das Werk dass mit dem Begriff passend Einheit und $Objektivit{\ddot{a}}t$ hervorbringt, ist wirklich $sch{\ddot{o}}n$. Umgekehrt gesagt bedeutet diese Aussage, dass etwas wirklich $sch{\ddot{o}}n$ ist, wenn dies zu dem Begriff passt, und dass das genau zum Begriff passende ist mit dem Begriff gleichzusetzen ist. Wie bereits $bewu{\beta}t$, hat Kant die $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den kognitiven Begriff verantwortliche bestimmende Urteilskraft und das ${\ddot{a}}sthetische$ Urteil treffende reflektierende Urteilskraft, differenziert. Im Gegensatz dazu $erkl{\ddot{a}}rt$ Hegel die Beziehung zwischen Sein und Denken, Dasein und Begriff, Begriff und Idee mit dem Blickpunkt dass das $Verm{\ddot{o}}gen$ und die Funktion der Urteilskraft selbst eine grundliegend auf Reflektion beruhende Bestimmung ist und eine auf Bestimmung beruhende Reflektion ist. Nach dieser Logik entsprechend $f{\ddot{u}}hrt$ er die Beziehung zwischen der $sch{\dodt{o}}nen$ Sache und $Sch{\ddot{o}}nheit$ zusammen. In dieser $Erkl{\ddot{a}}rung$ verwirft Hegel Kants Begriffe wie Urteilskraft und Geschmack, und verwendet vorwiegend die von seiner Lehre vom Begriff auftauchende Begriffe. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist, den Satz in Hegels ${\ddot{A}sthetik$ "Das $Sch{\ddot{o}}ne$ ist die Idee des $Sch{\ddot{o}}nen$" auf den Grund zu gehen. Um dieses Ziel zu verfolgen, wird das epistemologische $Verh{\ddot{a}}ltnis$ zwischen Dasein und Begriff, das logische $Verh{\ddot{a}}ltnisas$ zwischen Begriff und Idee betrachtet.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.33
• /
• pp.63-90
• /
• 2019

In pluralistic political realities that have been exposed as antagonistic relationships between self and others, the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' in Daesoon Thought emphasizes the complementarity between self and others and presents us with a new form of cognition and attitude which can overcome pluralistic political realities. Though solipsism that objectificates others on the basis of the self, the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' presents us a new form of cognition and attitude with which we can approach others. The principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' is based on the logic that we can secure and extend ourselves only in relation between self and others. Self is not fully formed or perfected without others. Previous discussions on the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' as it is exists within Daesoon Thought have been limited to Eastern Philosophy. On one hand, this inclination may be due to a narrow understanding of Western Philosophy. The flow of Modern Western Philosophy can at times be a self-reflective output for solipsism. On the other hand, the understanding of the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum in context of a dualistic contrast between Eastern Philosophy and Western Philosophy is not concordant with the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' which emphasizes the creation of harmony between self and others. This paper aims to investigate avenues to create harmony between Eastern Philosophy and Western Philosophy regarding the principle of 'Coincidentia Oppositorum' in Daesoon Thought. Specifically, attention will be paid to 'flesh' as used by Merleau-Ponty. In his writings, flesh is the matrix which activates the fundamental involvement between self and others. Self is a being of flesh and an ambiguous being which is formed in a double position (seeing and being seen). Flesh can secure and extend the self only through its relationship to an other or multiple others. Restoring the other that has been excluded from modern Western Philosophy, Merleau-Ponty's flesh call for contemplation into the meaning of the other and of otherness.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.57-74
• /
• 1998

Recently. the interest in Physical distribution has increased in economic geography This paper aims to review and prospect the internatonal physical distribution studies of international trade and international freight flows. And it has examined the changes in methodology of international physical distribution. Author has defined international physical distribution as the physical distribution of international trade and international freight flow The results are as follows : (1) As the methodology of international physical distribution studies developes, the physical distribution should be recognized not only as transportation phenomenon but also as total logistics which is understood as the combination of production and consumption including information flow. (2) The studies about model of international physical distribution flow ill need to study regional relations including urban, in the future. And economic geography and location theory adding culture and behaviour elements will be restructured, because not only state but also multinational corporation appear as trade subject in global economy. (3) The studies for the relation of habor and its hinterland in Physical distribution need to analyze the factors causing habor use with decision-making behaviour of corporation. (4) After oil crisis. as air freight is important, the studies for hinterland and foreland of freight centering international airport are needed because of necessity of light and small freight. flexible Production system, free trade, and high speed freight transportation of freshing food and flowers and so forth.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.105
• /
• pp.149-192
• /
• 2008

추파(秋坡) 송기수(宋麒壽)(1507-1582)는 500년 전에 출생하여 조선시대 중종, 인조, 명종, 선조의 4대에 걸친 75세를 일기로 생존했던 재조(在朝)의 선비로서 행정가요, 또한 학인이었다. 추파는 기묘사화의 참상을 직접 목도하고 본의 아니게 위훈이 하사되어 평생 마음의 질곡이 되었고, 또한 소위 양재역 벽서사건에 연루된 종형 규암(圭菴) 송인수(宋麟壽)를 구명(救命)하지 못한 그의 처신이 또한 역사 속에서 오해의 사단(事端)으로서 추파에게 큰 굴레로 작용되었다. 추파의 현실인식은, 사화로 사림이 사기저상되었고, 그로 인해서 치도와 강상이 붕괴되었으며, 재해가 출현하고, 민심의 흐트러짐이 모두 천명의 노여움으로 본 동시에, 그 처방을 요순지치인 치도(治道)를 확립할 것, 선진 성학으로서 학문을 진흥할 것과 그 실천 주체인 선비의 기상을 진작시킬 것에서 찾았던 것이다. 추파의 성리설은 이기관계론을 부상리(不相離)라는 주제만을 채택하여 존재론적으로 접근하였고, 그 결과 율곡보다 훨씬 앞서 '리기지묘(理氣之妙)'라는 표현을 쓰면서 리발(理發)보다는 발어리(發於理)라는 말에 무게중심을 둠으로서 기발을 중심으로 말한 "기발어리설(氣發於理說)"을 제시하였다. 이것은 바로 그 뜻으로서의 천리(天理)를 밝혀 기(氣)로 발하는 구체적인 삶 속에 구현 하는 실천하는 길이 되는 것이다. 궁극적으로 추파의 학문은 바로 천리(天理)를 깨달아 실천궁행하여 가는 길로서 삶의 목표로 삼은 점이 특징적인 것이다. 즉 추파에 있어서 학문의 길은 리(理)의 본래적 뜻을 깨닫고 리(理)의 뜻을 심성의지(心性意志)를 통해서 구현하는 길인, 리(理)로 부터 발한 기발(氣發)을 몸소 역행실천(力行實踐)하는 길인 것이다. 이 길을 실제로 자신의 사명과 직결된 삶의 바른 길로 삼았던 것이다. 요컨대 추파의 학문사상의 궁극적 특징은 역행궁리(力行窮理)의 실천학에 있는 것이며, 따라서 결론적으로 사사(事事)(실사(實事))구시정신(求是精神)에 입각한 실천철학만이 그의 학문의 궁극적인 목적지가 되었던 것이다. 현실정치의 민생문제도, 역사적 이념으로서 선비정신 부양과 벽이단도 모두 이 사사구시(事事求是)의 시(是)를 통해야 되고, 이 시(是)를 통해서 구현하는 길이 추파학문사상의 궁극처인 것이다. 그리고 그의 언설과 삶 자체가 실사구시의 실천 그 자체 이었던 것이다. 학문사상사적으로 본다면 추파의 위상은 근본유학의 정신을 살려 그를 근간으로 하여, 한국 성리학의 개화기(開花期)에 새로운 개념으로서 이 기관계를 '리기지묘(理氣之妙)'라든가 발(發)의 근거를 리(理)에 두되 리(理)가 직접 발하는 것이 아니라, 발(發)하는 것은 기(氣)라는 '기발어리(氣發於理)'의 한길만을 중시한 점으로서 이기설의 새로운 문제를 제기한 점이라 할 수 있으며, 궁극적으로 기발론적(氣發論的)인 바탕에서 실천역행의 근거를 확립하게 됐다는 특징을 볼 수 있는 점이다. 또한 이것은 한국성리학의 기발일도라는 기발설의 선구적 주장이며, 또한 이(理)를 근거로 결국 사사구시(事事求是)의 경세실학(經世實學)을 제시함으로서 실학의 선구가 될 만한 문제제기(問題提起)를 했다고 평가할 만한 특징이라 하겠다. 이 연구가 그의 마음속에 얹혀져있던 멍에도, 그간 오해받은 역사적인 멍에도 벗겨질 수 있고, 한국철학사상장성기(韓國哲學思想長成期)(국유사상주류기(國儒思想主流期))의 학술사적인 위상도 바르게 드러나는 계기가 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.69-97
• /
• 2021

'Déconstruction' is a system of thought that induces the emergent property that characterizes contemporary philosophy. The tradition of ancient Greek philosophy evolved over and over again, giving rise to the Renaissance and Enlightenment. It seemed to have reached its end under the historical perspective of modernity. However, contemporary philosophy wanted to see more possibilities through the deconstruction of modern philosophy. If modern philosophy dreams of a strange cohabitation between God and man with the humanistic completion of Plato's philosophy, modern philosophy rejects even that through deconstruction. Although Plato's classical metaphysics is a stable system centered around the absolute, it is ultimately based on God and religion. Under that system, human autonomy is only the autonomy bestowed by God. Contemporary philosophy is one of the results of efforts that try to begin philosophy from the original human voice through deconstruction. Instead of epistemology dependent on metaphysics, they wanted to establish epistemology from human existence and realize the best good that would set humans free through deconstruction. As such, it is no mistake to say that deconstruction is also an extension of the modern topic of human freedom. Deconstruction and human freedom act as one body in that the two cannot be separated from each other. Oddly enough, Daesoon Thought, which seems to have religious faith and traditional conservatism as main characteristics, has an emergent property that encompasses modern and contemporary times. The period of Korea, when Kang Jeungsan was active and founded Daesoon Thought, has an important meaning for those who have a keen view of history. Such individuals likely think that they have found a valuable treasure. This is because that period was a time when ideological activities were conducted due to an intense desire to discover the meaning of human freedom and envision a new world without copying the ways of the West. Instead they looked to face internal problems and raise people's awareness through subjectivity. In other words, the subtle ideas created by Korea's self-sustaining liberalism often take the form of what is commonly called new religions in modern times. Among these new religions, Daesoon Thought, as a Chamdonghak (true Eastern Learning), aims to spread a particular modern value beyond modern times through the concept of Haewon (the resolution of grievances) that was proclaimed by Jeungsan. The Haewon espoused in Daesoon Thought is in line with the disbandment of modern philosophy in that it contains modernity beyond modern times. First, Haewon means to resolve the fundamental resentment of human existence, which arose from Danju's grievance. Secondly, Haewon in Daesoon Thought encompasses the Haewon of the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity centers on a Haewon-esque style of existence called Injon (Human Nobility). Haewon in Daesoon Thought can be understood in the same context as Derrida's philosophy of Deconstruction. Modern deconstruction attempts to expose the invisible structures and bonds within human society and attempt to destroy them. In a similar way, Haewon endeavors to resolve the conflicts among the Three Realms by releasing the bonds of fundamental oppression that hinder the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.35
• /
• pp.35-73
• /
• 2009

This thesis aims at making clear correlation between the controversy that the nature of people and things is equal or different each other and Sung Confucianism, which is closed and discriminative. For this aim, I am looking closely at philosophy-reason prose that deals with the nature of people and things, from the early days of Chosun when Sung Confucianism became a new trend of thought to the later days when the controversy that the nature of people and things is equal or different had begun in earnest. This philosophy-reason prose has had gradual and important change. There are four different view points toward the nature of people and things. According to the first view point, people are the nucleus of the world. For the second one, things are thought to be important enough to be valued, but people are still the only core of the world. The third view point is that people and things are equally important and they are all the core of the world. Finally, the fourth view point regards people inferior to things and it says that things need to instruct people by scolding their bad behavior. There is a correlation between the view point of the nature of people and things and the attitude of an author. If some scholars think that people are the most important nucleus of the world, they tend to consider Sung Confucianism as the only school. On the contrary, other scholars who think that people and things are equal tend to respect other schools with open mind. In conclusion, the heated debates of the 18th century was an acute pain to destroy the closed and discriminative character of Sung Confucianism. It has contributed to innovate the thought toward the nature of people and things and the reformism of practical science have also done important role in the process of modernism's being groped by itself.