• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2019

Objectives : Cognitive dysfunction, including inattention, is often observed in patients with depression. Inattentive symptoms in patients with depression is similar to those among attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. It is important to diagnose the two diseases accurately, because the treatment varies depending on the cause of inattention. This study aimed to investigate the coexistence rate of ADHD and the correlation between ADHD symptoms and depression in patients with depression. Methods : Participants in this study were 158 outpatients presenting with depression, who visited the psychiatric department from March 2015 to July 2018. Participants divided into a depression and a non-depression group according to the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) score and were administered the following : a sociodemographic variables form (age, sex, academic background, occupation), the self-reporting test for adult ADHD (Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder self-report scale-V 1.1; ASRS V1.1), and the Korean version of the Connors adult ADHD rating scale (K-CAARS). Descriptive statistical analysis, crossover analysis, t-tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were conducted on the data. Results : The coexistence rate of adult ADHD symptom was as high as 36.7% in patients with depression (p<0.001). In K-CAARS, the depression group (Inattention=1.80, Hyperactivity=1.92, Impulsivity=1.56, Self-concept=2.06) showed higher average scores on ADHD symptoms than the non-depressive group (Inattention=1.28, Hyperactivity=1.25, Impulsivity=1.09, Self-concept=1.42, p<0.001). Conclusions : This study confirmed that ADHD symptoms coexist in the depression group. When evaluating the symptoms of patients who complain of depression, it is suggested that they should be accurately diagnosed and appropriately treated with interest to the coexistence of ADHD symptoms and the possibility for ADHD diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5031-5041
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• 2014

Purpose: The influence of the hoping number of children, the policy of childbirth, and the causes of reduced childbirth to the perception of childbirth, which will be the subject of future childbirth, was surveyed by health-line college students. Results: In terms of the attitude to the perception of childbirth, the quality of personal life, childcare, insufficient support of childbirth, and breeding of descendants had the largest influence on childbirth, and in terms of the attitude to the hoping number of children, economic reasons, childcare expenses, and education expenses had the largest influences. Second, when the causes of social demographic properties influencing childbirth was analyzed, sex showed significance to all the factors on the hoping number of children in terms of growing areas, to all the factors excluding childbirth policy in terms of the economic level, and hoping number of children in terms of the parents' jobs. Third, when the correlation was analyzed, a correlation was found in every area excluding the hoping number of children in terms of the causes of childbirth reduction and economy, childbirth policy in terms of the personal causes, personal factor in terms of the causes of childbirth policy, and family factor in terms of the causes of childbirth reduction and economy. Fourth, when the influences of the causes of hoping number of children, childbirth policy, and childbirth reduction to perception of childbirth were analyzed, the case hoping no or one child, the case hoping 2 or more children, childbirth policy, and childbirth reduction had a positive significant influence on the perception of childbirth. Conclusion: The childbirth rate will be improved if the following occur: childbirth policy and laws are established at the level of government, education programs are developed and operated for the formation of the value of perception of childbirth, and a new support policy is established after analyzing the current childbirth support policies. To change the perception of childbirth in college students who are future subjects of childbirth, successive studies will be needed to verify the effect of aforesaid measures.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2011

Objectives: The Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) has been used to help identify patients at high risk of having sleep apnea in primary care. But it has not been validated in a sleep clinic for Korean patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the BQ as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for Korean patients in a sleep clinic. Methods: The BQ was prospectively applied to 121 subjects with OSA suspicion who visited to our sleep clinic. All subjects performed overnight polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the BQ according to severity by AHI. Results: In 121 subjects, 73.6% were males, with a mean age of $48.8{\pm}13.0$ years. Twenty-five (20.6%) patients did not have OSA (AHI<5), 30 (25%) patients had mild OSA ($AHI{\geq}5$ and <15), 26 (21.4%) had moderate ($AHI{\geq}15$ and <30), and 40 (33%) had severe OSA ($AHI{\geq}30$). The BQ identified 69.4% of the patients as being at high risk for having OSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the BQ were 71.9% and 40%, for $AHI{\geq}5$, 75.8% and 38.2% for $AHI{\geq}15$, 77.5% and 34.6% for $AHI{\geq}30$, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the BQ were 82.1% and 27.0% for $AHI{\geq}5$, respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.2 and 0.7, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the BQ was 65.3%, using an AHI cut-off of 5. Conclusion: Due to modest sensitivity and low specificity, the BQ does not seem to be an appropriate tool for identifying patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-147
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• 2000

To provide data for the improvement of primary health care through the study on the utilization rate of community health practitioner(CHP) post and its related factors toward some rural residents in Mooan County Chollanamdo, a questionnaire survey was made from 382 persons during August 1999. Comparison was made between persons at the seaside area under difficult transportation and persons at the railroad area under convenient transportation. The results are as follows: 1. For the last one year, 83.3% of seaside area residents and 67.0% of railroad area residents used CHP post. As the purpose of visit to CHP post at seaside area, 94.3% visited for medical care, 25.3% for chronic disease control and 22.2% for health counselling and 14.1% for chronic disease control. 2. By simple analysis, sex, age, marital status, educational level, residence area, distance from living village to CHP post, presence of chronic diseases, satisfaction with CHP and confidence on CHP were related significantly with the utilization of CHP post for the last one year. 3. By multiple logistic regression, statistically significant variables related with the utilization rate of CHP post for the last one year were analyzed as age, sex, residence area and distance from living village to CHP post.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1000-1009
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• 2014

This study selected 582 senior citizens who used 6 senior welfare centers in 7 districts, Daegu and analyzed questionnaires for them from January 9 through June 5, 2013 in order to look into their subjective oral health, social efficacy and quality of life according to their subjective cognition of oral health and their quality of life related to oral health according to sociodemographic characteristics and drew the following conclusions: Sex was statistically significant in toothache and xerostomia; age, in oral health, dysmasesis, toothache, periodontal complications and xerostomia; the level of education, in oral health, dysmasesis, toothache and periodontal complications; and the number of family members living together, in dysmasesis, toothache, periodontal complications, xerostomia and halitosis. Their responses to the question about their social efficacy according to oral health included: 'My oral health is not good' 3.11 points; and 'My jaw crackles or hurts' 1.99 points. In social efficacy according to their cognition of oral health, their health was 2.05 points while in the quality of life, their health was 3.41 points. In the scores of the quality of life related to oral health, for their health, functional limitation was 2.13 points; physical pain, 2.53; psychological discomfort, 2.17; physical limitation, 2.31; degradation of psychological ability, 2.06; degradation of social ability, 1.81; and social disadvantage, 1.99. In sum, it is judged that senior citizens' quality of life as well as their oral health will be enhanced when active seeking for plans to prevent the progress of oral diseases is sufficiently considered through continuously providing oral health education for the promotion of geriatric oral health and developing preventive programs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

Ten Dongs were selected according to the systematic cluster sampling in Koryong Gun, and the survey was conducted on 571 women in the age between 30-69 years. The first survey was performed for 6 days between August 27 to September 1, 1999 with the investigation rate of 60.3%, and the second survey was performed in November with the investigation rate of 91.8%. The contents of survey included demographic characteristics, health behaviors, dyspepsia symptom score, sleeping induction time and the degree of sleep satisfaction, and degree of stress in the subjects. The dyspepsia symptom score was in the average 13.4 points out of a total 44 points and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 13.9 points. The sleep induction time was in the average of 35 minutes and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 40.9 minutes; the degree of sleep satisfaction was in the average of 7.9 points and was the lowest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 7.5 points. The stress score was in the average of 18.3 points and was highest in those subjects in their 40's and 50's with 18.7 points. When the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was analyzed, the results showed that he stress score and the degree of sleep satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation and that the stress score and dyspepsia symptom score showed a significant positive correlation. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score. According to each age group, a significant correlation was revealed among the stress score, dyspepsia symptom score and the degree of sleep satisfaction in those subjects over 40 years of age compared to those subjects who were younger than 40 years of age. As for educational level, the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was higher in those subjects with less than middle school education compared to those subjects with more than high school education. When those factors that effects on the dyspepsia symptom score were analyzed with multiple regression, the results showed that the level of stress and chronic diseases were selected as significant variables. When those factors that affected on the degree of sleep satisfaction were analyzed, the sleep induction time and presence of chronic diseases and stress were selected as significant variables. Those women in their 50's who live in rural areas showed the highest level of stress, lowest the degree of sleep satisfaction, and highest level of dyspepsia, indicating that they need stress management. Also, since stress was showed to be a significant variable effecting on dyspepsia or the degree of sleep satisfaction, it is concluded that health promotion is possible through stress management. More studies are needed in the future on coping resources that would strengthen coping against stress, and by conducting studies on stress and related factors on community people, the measures of mental health promotion need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1488-1496
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze mothers' eating, cooking, and exercise habits based on their demographic characteristics and to examine the relationship between those habits and their late school-aged children's Broca index. A total of 393 questionnaires were mailed to the mothers of late school-aged children who registered at four elementary schools in the Seoul area, of which 159 participants (40.0%) completed questionnaires. Statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test ANOVA, and Pearson's regression coefficient. There was a statistically significant difference in mothers' cooking habit (F=3.920, P=0.022) and exercise habit (F=3.211, P=0.043) according to their educational level. Interestingly, 82.4% of mothers had a Broca index of less than 90% of normal body mass level. A significant positive correlation of Broca index between mothers and their late school-aged children (r=0.345, P<0.001) indicated that children whose mothers had a low body mass level also tended to have a low body mass level. In this study, late school-aged children's Broca index was not significantly related with mother's eating (r=-0.072, P=0.367) or exercise habits (r=-0.010, P=0.897) but was significantly related with their mother's cooking habits (r=-0.157, P=0.048). Considering there are few studies examining the impacts of mother's cooking habits on their children's appropriate body mass, the results suggest that developing an effective educational program to cultivate mothers' healthy cooking habits to improve school-aged children's health status is very important. The findings of this study provide important data that could be used when developing health education programs tailored to the multi-dimensional impacts of mothers' life habits on their last school-aged children's developmental health status.